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1、課時(shí)提能練(二十三) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (2019·貴陽(yáng)摸底考試)Pollution's serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years.Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm. As we know，the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resour

2、ces and creates a huge amount of pollution.So green buildings are in great need. The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity(生物多樣性)，improved air and water quality，less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources.Green bu

3、ildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality，improving the health of people who live there. The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind.Buil

4、ding designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw.In addition，recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings，reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distanc

5、es. Careful site selection is important to minimize(使減少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment.For example，placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微風(fēng)) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses.More energy and expenses are needed for larger b

6、uildings as well，so it is important to build the small ones. Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants，which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low，prevent water running off and deal with polluta

7、nts. Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection，recycling and waste reduction.In addition，renewable energy sources such as solar power，waterpower and wind power are used for heat and electricity，which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environm

8、ent. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了綠色建筑的優(yōu)勢(shì)和特色。 1．What can we know about green buildings? A．Producing no waste. B．Only using clean energy. C．Being made of new materials. D．Being environment-friendly. D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)對(duì)全文的整體理解特別是第三段的內(nèi)容可推知，綠色建筑整體上是環(huán)保的，故選D。] 2．What is a green building probably like according to the f

9、ifth paragraph? A．Large. 　　　　 B．Small. C．Green. D．Low. B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger building as well，so it is important to build the small ones”可推知，綠色建筑應(yīng)該傾向于小型建筑，而非高樓大廈，故選B。] 3．What is the purpose of using green roofs? A．To fit the environment. B．To

10、keep warm. C．To collect nature water. D．To reduce costs. D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs”可知，綠色屋頂可以降低能源使用和成本，故選D。] 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Promoting energy efficiency. B．Environmental benefits. C．Green buildings. D

11、．Ecosystems and biodiversity. C　[主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的關(guān)鍵詞“green buildings”和對(duì)全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講的是綠色建筑，故選C。] Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 (2019·武漢調(diào)研)On December 22, 2016 I landed in the land of the “American Dream”． 1 Here is one of the things I've struggled with during my almost one year in the States. 2 My uncle and aunt

12、 joked that I brought rain from Saigon to America. Saigon, where I come from, is the old name of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam.Vietnam is a tropical country where it rains most of the year. Before going to the U．S., actually, I had no idea what to expect about its weather, but the big rain on my arriv

13、al gave me the first expectation of what the weather here might be like. California is known for having a great climate—more sunshine, cooler in summer and warmer in winter. 3 However, having been here for a pretty long while now, I have experienced various forms of climate in California. 4

14、 Most of the time I was living in Silicon Valley, where the weather is a bit colder than where I study in Orange County. But I was really surprised to find chill-to-the-bone weather in San Francisco—a big shift from Silicon Valley in only about an hour's drive. How strange! 5 The worst is that

15、I get a runny nose whenever I wake up in the morning. Because I am allergic to the cold and windy weathers, I keep sneezing badly, and even more badly if I get caught in the cold. I think that my body needs more time to get used to this climate, but as many people said, I am luckier to be in Califor

16、nia where I don't have to fight with extreme weathers as in other states. A．I am sensitive to weather change. B．Such strange weather has affected my health. C．So the amount of rain this year is considered unusual. D．The LAX airport in California welcomed me with a big rain. E．So I quickly get u

17、sed to the unchangeable climate in California. F．The weather varies widely depending on where you are in the state. G．Since then, I have discovered tons of dilemmas about life in America. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是國(guó)外生活類說(shuō)明文。作者介紹了自己從越南到美國(guó)之后所體驗(yàn)到的各種天氣。 1．G 　[上文提到作者到了美國(guó)，接下來(lái)說(shuō)“下面是我在美國(guó)接近一年的時(shí)間里努力應(yīng)付過(guò)的諸多難題中的一個(gè)”。由此可以推斷，空處

18、表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是作者經(jīng)歷了很多困難，G項(xiàng)的意思是“從那時(shí)起，我在美國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多生活難題”，所以選G。] 2．D　[本空位于段首，為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文中的“My uncle and aunt joked that I brought rain from Saigon to America”可知，空處應(yīng)與rain有關(guān)，D項(xiàng)“加利福尼亞的LAX機(jī)場(chǎng)用一場(chǎng)大雨歡迎了我”符合語(yǔ)境，所以選D。] 3．C　[上一段講的是加利福尼亞的大雨，本段首句講的是“加利福尼亞因氣候好而著名”，C項(xiàng)的意思是“因此今年的雨量被認(rèn)為是不尋常的”，符合段落以及句子間的邏輯，所以選C。] 4．F 　[本空位于段首，為段落主

19、題句。下文講的是美國(guó)不同的地方有著迥異的天氣，即便是相隔很近的兩個(gè)地方，其天氣也有很大的變化，而F項(xiàng)的意思是“在美國(guó)，天氣隨著你所在的地方而有很大的差異”，所以選F。] 5．B　[本空位于段首，為段落主題句。下文講的是作者因?yàn)樘鞖舛嘧兌驀娞?，而B項(xiàng)的意思是“這種奇怪的天氣已經(jīng)影響到了我的健康”，所以選B。] Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 (2019·銀川檢測(cè))Rajesh Naik 1． (transform) 120 acres of wasteland into an organic farm，providing an 2. (inspire)example o

20、f the efforts to create a large lake. “I come from a family of agriculturalists and this land is my ancestral land, 3. hard rock structures make it difficult to hold water.People thought it was impossible to farm this land and 4. I was throwing away my career.However，I was deter

21、mined to work on developing the water resources in the area，”says Rajesh. It took a lot of financial resources and time 5． (create) the lake，which is enough to irrigate(灌溉) the whole farm.This has not only encouraged plant 6． (grow) in the area，but also helped in increasing the

22、water table(地下水位) in the surrounding areas 7. the farm.Besides growing fruit and vegetables，Rajesh has also started a dairy farm that has 8． (many) than 200 cows. “If this model 9． (carry) out in every part of the country，the whole country will be able to solve its w

23、ater problems and have agriculture 10. (total) based on organic farming.What is important is the will of people and the support from the government.”says Rajesh. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了Rajesh Naik把120英畝的荒地變成了有機(jī)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的過(guò)程及其對(duì)未來(lái)的期望。 1．has transformed 　[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文中的“providing an (in

24、spire)example of the efforts to create a large lake”可知，此處為過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，即Rajesh Naik已經(jīng)把120英畝的荒地變成了一個(gè)有機(jī)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。] 2．inspiring 　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。為創(chuàng)造一個(gè)大型湖泊的努力提供了一個(gè)鼓舞人心的例子。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，意為“鼓舞人心的”。] 3．where 　[考查定語(yǔ)從句。堅(jiān)硬的巖石結(jié)構(gòu)使其難以蓄水。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為定語(yǔ)從句，且從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，又根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。] 4．that 　[

25、考查連接詞。人們認(rèn)為耕種這片土地是不可能的，我正在浪費(fèi)我的事業(yè)，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為賓語(yǔ)從句，若動(dòng)詞后有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)和后面幾個(gè)從句的that不能省略，所以此處應(yīng)填that。] 5．to create 　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。建成這個(gè)湖需要花費(fèi)大量的財(cái)政資源和時(shí)間，此處it takes(sb.)＋時(shí)間/金錢＋to do sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，其中動(dòng)詞不定式為真正的主語(yǔ)。] 6．growth 　[考查名詞。這不僅促進(jìn)了該地區(qū)植物的生長(zhǎng)，而且也提高了農(nóng)場(chǎng)周邊地區(qū)的地下水位。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處用名詞growth意為“生長(zhǎng)”。] 7．of 　[考查介詞。參見上題解析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境

26、可知the farm與the surrounding areas為所屬關(guān)系，所以用of所有格。] 8．more 　[考查形容詞比較級(jí)。Rajesh還創(chuàng)辦了一個(gè)有200多頭奶牛的牛奶場(chǎng)。此處more than意為“超過(guò)”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。] 9．is carried 　[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處主語(yǔ)model與動(dòng)詞carry之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；空處所在句描述的是將來(lái)的情況，又因?yàn)樵诤袟l件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。] 10．totally 　[考查副詞。此處修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)based on，用副詞。] Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (

27、2019·安徽省名校聯(lián)考)As we all know，we can meet with various challenges in our life.Facing with challenges，how should we do? Last month，our class climbed Mount Tai，which was more than 1，500 meters above sea level.Lacking exercises，I thought that this activity was great challenge for me.I felt very exhauste

28、d halfway that I wanted to give up.See this，my classmates and even some strangers encouraged me.In the end，I managed to reach on the top of the mountain. Therefore，don't give up in the face of challenges.If you are determined enough，it's certainly that you can overcome it. 【答案】　 As we all know，we

29、 can meet with various challenges in our life. with/Facing challenges， should we do? Last month，our class climbed Mount Tai，which more than 1，500 meters above sea level.Lacking ，I thought that this activity was great challenge for me.I felt exhausted halfway that I wanted to give up. this，my classmates and even some strangers encouraged me.In the end，I managed to reach the top of the mountain. Therefore，don't give up in the face of challenges.If you are determined enough，it's that you can overcome . - 6 -