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1、課時達標(三十二) Unit 2 Robots 建議時間/35分鐘 (見學用課時P75) Ⅰ 閱讀理解 A 課標話題 人與社會·科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 體裁 說明文 詞　　數(shù) 263 難度 Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot—one t

2、hat draws inspiration from an octopus(章魚)． Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of complet

3、ely soft, autonomous robots，” the study's authors wrote. Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don't do so well on rough terrains(地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they aren't especially safe around humans, because they're made out of hard and heavy parts

4、that could be potentially dangerous to their users. So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They've taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter. But creating a completely soft robot r

5、emains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone(硅酮) body, it's still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power. “Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-and-rescue

6、 operations and exploration，” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology's Center for Micro-BioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.” 語篇導(dǎo)讀　科學家受到章魚的啟發(fā)，制造了軟體機器人，本文介紹了這種機器人的研發(fā)過程、用處及局限等。

7、 1．What's the special feature of “Octobot”？ A．It's soft. B．It's made of metal. C．It's very small. D．It looks like an octopus. 解析 A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，“Octobot”是一種可以用作軟體機器人基礎(chǔ)部件的微型系統(tǒng)，據(jù)此可知，“Octobot”的特點是柔軟，故選A項。 2．What's the disadvantage of traditional robots? A．They're hard to cont

8、rol. B．They're too heavy to move. C．They can't predict conditions. D．They can't behave well all the time. 解析 D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，傳統(tǒng)機器人無法在崎嶇的地形上很好地運行，它們還可能對人造成傷害；據(jù)此可推知，傳統(tǒng)機器人并非總是運行良好，故選D項。 3．One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobot's ________. A．silicone body B．complex com

9、ponents C．precise movements D．flexible power source 解析 D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，制造柔韌性強的關(guān)鍵部件仍然面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，如提供動力的部件，故選D項。 4．What's the possible application of “Octobot”？ A．Medical research. B．Life rescue. C．Machine operation. D．House cleaning. 解析 B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，盡管軟體機器人開發(fā)還處于早期階段

10、，但它極可能應(yīng)用于諸如搜索救援和探險等活動，故選B項。 B 課標話題 人與社會·科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 體裁 說明文 詞　　數(shù) 331 難度 You'll probably never go to Mars or sing on the stage with the Rolling Stones. But if virtual reality(VR) ever lives up to its promise, you might be able to do all these things—and many more—without even leaving your

11、 home. Unlike real reality, virtual reality means simulating(模仿) bits of our world. Apart from games and entertainment, it's long been used for training airline pilots and surgeons and for helping scientists to figure out complex problems such as the structure of protein molecules(分子). Then how does

12、 it work? Close your eyes and think of virtual reality and you probably picture something like this: a man wearing a wrap-around headset(耳機) and data gloves, wired into a powerful workstation or supercomputer. What distinguishes VR from an ordinary computer experience is the nature of the input a

13、nd output. Where an ordinary computer uses things like a keyboard, mouse, or speech recognition for input, VR uses sensors that detect how your body is moving. And where a PC displays output on a screen, VR uses two screens (one for each eye), surround-sound speakers, and maybe some forms of touch a

14、nd body feedback as well. VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors, dentists, engineers, architects, archaeologists, and the military for about the last 30 years. Difficult and dangerous jobs are hard to train for. How can you safely practice taking a trip to space, making a parachute jump

15、, or carrying out brain surgery? All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications. Like any technology, virtual reality has both good and bad points. Critics always raise the risk that people may be addicted to alternative realities to the point of ignoring their real-world

16、lives—but that criticism has been leveled at everything from radio and TV to computer games and the Internet. Like many technologies, VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you don't have to use it if you don't want to. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文主要介紹了虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)(VR)的相關(guān)信息以及人們對這一技術(shù)的看法。 5．What equipment do we

17、probably need for virtual reality? A．A keyboard, a headset and a supercomputer. B．A headset, data gloves and a supercomputer. C．A headset, data gloves and a speech recognition. D．A keyboard, a mouse and a speech recognition. 解析 B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，虛擬現(xiàn)實需要耳機、數(shù)據(jù)手套，以及強大的工作站或超級計算機，故選B項。 6．What is Pa

18、ragraph 3 mainly about? A．The advantages of virtual reality. B．The influences of virtual reality. C．The importance of virtual reality. D．The applications of virtual reality. 解析 D　主旨大意題。第三段第一句講到當前應(yīng)用VR的領(lǐng)域，后面講到VR在將來可能應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域，由此可知，第三段主要講VR的應(yīng)用，故選D項。 7．What is the writer's attitude towards VR? A．Caut

19、ious. B．Appreciative. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 解析 B　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一句可知，作者對于批評者的觀點進行了反擊，由此推斷出，作者對虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)的態(tài)度傾向于認同，故選B項。 8．According to the passage, virtual reality means ________. A．experiencing things that don't really exist B．creating something that doesn't exist C．imagining beautiful th

20、ings in our mind D．cloning something that has died out 解析 A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，我們不需要離開家就可以去火星，因為虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)可以模仿現(xiàn)實世界讓你去體驗，故選A項。 Ⅱ 七選五 課標話題 人與自我·認識自我 體裁 說明文 詞　　數(shù) 196 難度 (2019·正定中學?？?Mourning the loss of your full head of hair? We have some good news for you! __1__ According to a new research, peo

21、ple tend to consider bald(禿頭的) men as more dominant, stronger and taller than those with hair. In a study, participants rated photos of men with hair and men with shaved heads according to levels of dominance and agreeability. __2__ Besides, when participants saw pictures of the same men with hair

22、and with their hair digitally removed, the latter were considered as more dominant, taller and stronger than they truly were. What gives? __3__ It is just like people with deeper voices are seen as more competent and trustworthy. In U．S. society, shaved heads are often found on men in traditionally

23、 male professions, so dominance may appear through stereotypical(模式化觀念的) associations with these figures. The researcher's advice: If age has caused you to start losing your hair, you might consider shaving your head completely. __4__ Instead of spending millions each year trying to cure their hai

24、r loss, the theory of this research to men experiencing male pattern baldness is to shave their heads. __5__ If so, these natural hair loss treatments are definitely worth a try. A．A full head of hair is not as good as you thought. B．Being bare up there could actually be a huge plus. C．Then you c

25、an spend more money on other valuables. D．Doing so could actually increase your reliability with others. E．Still, we don't blame you if you're holding out hope of a full head of hair. F．Turns out, the bald men were considered more dominant than the hairy ones. G．These results suggest our culture

26、 usually considers baldness a sign of maturity and leadership! 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：人們傾向于認為禿頭的男性更強壯、高大、有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力。 1．解析 B　順承關(guān)系。B項中的Being bare up和上文中的the loss of your full head of hair相呼應(yīng)，a huge plus也與空后內(nèi)容一致，故選B項。 2．解析 F　順承關(guān)系。根據(jù)語境可知，空處應(yīng)是對研究結(jié)果的說明，F(xiàn)項(結(jié)果是，禿頭的人被認為比頭發(fā)濃密的人更有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力)與上下文銜接緊密，故選F項。 3．解析 G　詮釋關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文可

27、知，空處會提到產(chǎn)生這種認知的原因，G項(這些結(jié)果表明我們的文化通常認為禿頭是成熟和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的標志)符合語境，故選G項。 4．解析 D　條件關(guān)系。分析語境及選項可知，D項中的Doing so指的就是上句中的shaving your head，故選D項。 5．解析 E　轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。根據(jù)語境可知，空處前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，E項中的if you're holding out hope of a full head of hair與下文中的If so相呼應(yīng)，故選E項。 Ⅲ 語法填空 課標話題 人與自然·自然科學研究成果 體裁 議論文 詞　　數(shù) 219 難度 Over the las

28、t 200 years, many people claim to have seen a hairy, human-like creature known as the Yeti in the foothills of the Himalayas.Some reports mention the creature's 1.____________(frighten) behaviour when it felt threatened. Others describe it as a shy, gentle creature 2.____________ disappeared immedia

29、tely. However, no one has ever been able to confirm any of these sightings, so questions about the creature's 3.____________(exist) continue. In addition, the motives of some people who claim to have seen the creature may be questionable since a lot of money can 4.____________(make) from selling a

30、good story to a newspaper or magazine. So is the Yeti real or not? If the Yeti does genuinely exist, we are faced with an interesting dilemma: should we try 5.____________(find) it or leave it in peace? This is a moral question. Despite the good intentions of researchers who investigate the Yeti's

31、existence, 6.____________(discover) the creature could cause a conflict between it 7.____________ humans. This conflict might even be fatal to the Yeti. 8.____________(unfortunate), when a new animal is discovered, it is quite likely that some people will try to make a profit from it 9.____________

32、a harmful way. Governments should adopt laws to protect wild 10.____________(creature) like the Yeti and prevent people from disturbing them for personal gain. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文討論了雪人Yeti存在的可能性以及人們尋找雪人可能引發(fā)的問題。 1．frightening　解析 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：一些報道提及了這個生物遭受威脅時的一些可怕的行為?？仗幾鞫ㄕZ修飾名詞，表示“令人害怕的”，故填形容詞frightening。 2．that/w

33、hich　解析 考查引導(dǎo)詞?？仗幹复鷆reature，在定語從句中充當主語，故填that或which。 3．existence　解析 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？涨坝忻~所有格，后有謂語動詞，故應(yīng)填名詞。 4．be made　解析 考查語態(tài)和情態(tài)動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為從句的謂語；從句主語a lot of money與make之間是動賓關(guān)系，前有情態(tài)動詞can，故填be made。 5．to find　解析 考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們應(yīng)該努力找到它還是留給它一份安寧？try to do sth努力做某事。 6．discovering　解析 考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞，與the creature一起作主語，此處表示一般性的動作，故用動名詞。 7．a(chǎn)nd　解析 考查并列連詞。句意：……發(fā)現(xiàn)這種生物可能會引起它和人類之間的矛盾。between…and在……和……之間，為固定搭配。 8．Unfortunately　解析 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處作狀語修飾后面的句子，故應(yīng)用副詞形式。 9．in　解析 考查介詞。in a(n)…way以一種……方式，為固定搭配。 10．creatures　解析 考查名詞的數(shù)。creature為可數(shù)名詞，前面僅有修飾詞wild，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 7