《（全國版）2020版高考英語一輪復習 組合練 第3練 閱讀理解 七選五練習（含解析）》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《（全國版）2020版高考英語一輪復習 組合練 第3練 閱讀理解 七選五練習（含解析）（10頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第3練 閱讀理解 七選五 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2018·陜西西安地區(qū)八校聯(lián)考) Babbage，borninLondonin1791，wasagreatmathematicalgenius.Hewasanaturalinventor. Whenhefinishedschool，hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Later，hegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingthere，hedesignedhis“firstdifferenceengine”．Thiswas，basicall

2、y，ahand-operatedmechanicalcalculator. Hetooknineyearstobuildapartofthemachine.Thismachinecanmakecomplexmathematicalcalculations.It’sabasicmechanicalcomputer. Babbagedreamed，however，ofmorecomplicatedmachines.Infact，hedidn’tonlydream; hebegantodesignthem.Theresultwasaseriesof“analyticalengines”which

3、wereinfactpowerfulcomputers! Hisdesignscontainedprocessors，controlunits，amemoryandaninput/outputsystem.Thesearethefouressentialpartsofamodernmathematicalcomputer! Alas! His“seconddifferenceengine”couldn’tuseelectricitysincethishadn’tyetbecomeausablesourceofpower，soBabbagehadtomakedowithmechanicals

4、ystems.Forthisreason，themachinewasbig，complicatedandexpensive.ThoughBabbageproducedcompleteplansforthemachine，hecouldn’tbuildit.Itwastooadvancedforitsage! Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbage’s“seconddifferenceengine”wasfinallymanufactured.ThefirstworkingversionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScie

5、nceMuseuminLondon，fortheBabbagebicentenaryin1991.AsecondmachinewasthenbuiltforanAmericanhigh-techmillionaire，whoputitintheComputerHistoryMuseum，inCalifornia. Babbage’sanalyticalengineswouldhaveused“programs”likethoseusedinthetextile(紡織) industrytomakecomplicatedpatterns，buttheywereneverbuilt.Thisbr

6、illiantmathematicianreallywastoofaraheadofhistime! 1．WheredidBabbageplanhis“firstdifferenceengine”？ A．InLondon. B．Athighschool. C．AtCambridge. D．InScienceMuseum. 2．Whatdoweknowabouthis“seconddifferenceengine”？ A．Ittookhimnineyearstobuildit. B．Itwasfaraheadofitstime. C．Itsdesigncameoutinhisdre

7、ams. D．Itspowersourcewaselectricity. 3．The“seconddifferenceengine”wasbuilttoworkin1991. A．foranAmericanmillionaire B．inmemoryofBabbage C．totestitsabilitytouseelectricity D．fortextileindustrytomakepatterns 4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext? A．Babbage’senginesdidn’trunonprograms. B．Textilepatternsa

8、reproducedwithprograms. C．Babbagecanbeseenasthefatherofcomputers. D．Babbage’sanalyticalengineswereneverbuilt. B Withgoldensunshineandagentlebreeze，autumnisthemostbeautifulseasonintheyear.Thisisagreattimetogooutsideandhavefun.Gotoavalleytoseeredmapletrees，goandpickfruitinanorchardorfindanopenfiel

9、dtoflyyourkitein. However，formanyhighschoolstudents，thesegreatactivitiesmaybejustadream.Withplentyofworktodo，theyspendalltheirhoursindoors，strugglingforahighmarkintheirexams.Ofcourse，studyisoneofthemostimportantthingsforteenagers.Butlifeisdefinitelymuchmorethanthat. Sometimeswespendsomuchtimestudy

10、ingthatweforgethowtomakelifewonderful.Indoingso，welosetherealpurposeoflife—tobeavaluableandhappyperson.Toenjoyjusthowgreatitistobealive，wehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.Students，takesomeexercisetoimproveyourhealth，talkwithyourparentsandfriendsforunderstandingandwalkaroundoutsidetorefres

11、hyourbodyandmind. Goingoutandenjoyingthebeautifulcountrysideoftenhelpsourcreativityinourwork.Chinesecraftsman，LuBan，createdasawtohelpwoodworkers.Butifhehadn’twalkedoutside，hewouldnothavebeeninspiredbyakindoftoothedgrass.WecouldalsosupposethatifNewtonhadn’trestedunderthatappletree，thenhewouldn’thave

12、beenhitbyanapple，andhisclassictheorieswouldnothavecomeout. Goingoutisnotonlyabreakfromhardwork，butachancetoaddtolifeexperience.Socomeon，giveyourbrainagoodrest.Stepoutofthebooksandgetyourbagreadyforanautumnouting.Wearesureyouwillgetmuchmorethanknowledgefromtheexcitingjourney. 5．Inwhichparagraphdoes

13、thewritermakeasummaryabouthisopinion? A．Paragraph1. B．Paragraph2. C．Paragraph5. D．Paragraph4. 6．Whyisgoingoutadreamformanyhighschoolstudents? A．Theyareunhappytodoso. B．Theirparentsdon’tallowthemtodoso. C．Theythinkstudyisthemostimportantthingforthem. D．Theyhavetoomuchworktodoforgettinghighmark

14、sintheexams. 7．Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby. A．makingpredictions B．reasoningandgivingexamples C．describingthebeautifulsceneryinautumn D．pointingoutthepresentsituationofhighschoolstudents 8．Whatmessagecanyougetfromthepassage? A．Natureispower. B．AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy. C．Theauthor

15、isn’thappywithoureducationatall. D．Goingoutcanmakehighschoolstudentsgetmore. C WhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclass，amonitorafewhundredmilesawaywaswatchinghereverymove. UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifer’sLosAngelesapartment，themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyes

16、movedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroom.HerInternetaccesswaslocked—remotely—topreventInternetsearches，andhertypingstylewasanalyzedtomakesureshewaswhoshesaidshewas：Didsheenterherstudentnumberatthesamespeedasshehadinthepast？Orwassheslowingdown? Inthebattleaga

17、instcheating，thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem，totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating，expertssay，canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid—thatstudent

18、shaven’tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers. Althoughonlineclasseshaveexistedformorethanadecade，theconcernovercheatinghasbecomesharperinthelastyearwiththegrowthof“openonlinecourses.”Privatecolleges，publicuniversitiesandcorporationsarejumpingintotheonlineeducationfield.Spendingmillionsofdoll

19、arstoattractpotentialstudents，whilealsotakingstepstohelpguaranteehonestyatadistance. Asidefromthewebcameras，anumberofotherhigh-techmethodsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Amongthemareprogramsthatcheckstudents’identitiesusingpersonalinformation，suchasthetelephonenumberstheyonceused. Otherprogramscanp

20、roduceuniqueexamsbydrawingonalargelistofquestionsandcanrecognizepossiblecheatersbyanalyzingwhetherdifficulttestquestionsareansweredatthesamespeedaseasyones.Asinmanyuniversityclasses，termpapersarescannedagainstsomelargeInternetdatabanksforcheating. 9．WhywasJenniferwatchedinanonlineexam? A．Tocorrect

21、hertypingmistakes. B．Tofindhersecretsintheroom. C．Topreventherfromslowingdown. D．Tokeepherfromdishonestbehaviors. 10．Theunderlinedexpression“cuttingedge”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto. A．a(chǎn)dvancedtechnique B．sharpeningtool C．effectiverule D．dividingline 11．Someprogramscanfindoutpossiblecheat

22、ersby. A．producingalargenumberofquestions B．scanningtheInternettestquestions C．checkingthequestionansweringspeed D．givingdifficulttestquestions 12．Theauthorofthispassagewantstotellus. A．whattheInterneteducationis B．theimportanceofthewebcameratoday C．whenthestudentscancheat D．howtobeatstuden

23、tsexamcheatingonline Ⅱ.七選五 (2018·江西紅色七校聯(lián)考) DoPeopleNeedSmallTalktoBeHappy? Psychologists(心理學家) havelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersisanimportantpartofhappiness，butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderexamination.Inonestudy, researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedwi

24、thhappiness. 13Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding.Latelastyear，Princetonresearchersreportedthatsmalltalkkeepsclosenesswithlovedones，andisn’tmerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers. Still，chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.Inaseriesofexperiments，psychologistsgaveChic

25、agopassengersdifferentdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowpassenger—somethingtheytypicallyavoided.14Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected. Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat，madeeyecontactwith，andbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristas(服務員)，reportedagreatersens

26、eofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction(交易)．15Onereportfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilencetochatwithgallerygoers，thevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedtotheexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproached. 16Inonestudy，peoplewhowererated“l(fā)esscurious”byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrol

27、lingontheirown，andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyweresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure(透露)．Butpeoplewhowereconsidered“curious”needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges.17 A．Thesameistrueofgallerygoers. B．Theyfoundthatsma

28、lltalkisrelatedwithhappiness. C．Butdon’tplaydownsmalltalkjustyet. D．Ofcourse，somepeoplearebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger. E．A“curiousmindset”，theauthorconcluded，canleadto“positivesocialinteractions”． F．Makingsmalltalkisanimportantskillforallthesocialsituations. G．Thosetol

29、dtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourney. 答案解析 Ⅰ. 1．C　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“When he finished school，he went to study mathematics at Cambridge University.Later，he got a job teaching at the university.While working there，he designed his ‘first difference engine’．”可知，巴貝奇在劍橋大學

30、計劃他的“first difference engine”。故選C。] 2．B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Alas！His ‘second difference engine’ couldn’t use electricity since this hadn’t yet become a usable source of power”和“It was too advanced for its age！”可知，他的“second difference engine”遠遠超過了它的時代。故選B。] 3．B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“It was not until almost

31、160 years later that Babbage’s ‘second difference engine’ was finally manufactured.The first working version of this machine was built by the Science Museum in London，for the Babbage bicentenary in 1991.”可知，the “second difference engine”在1991年被制造是為了紀念巴貝奇誕辰二百周年。故選B。] 4．C　[推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了巴貝奇對計算機發(fā)明

32、作出的巨大貢獻。由此可知，巴貝奇可以被看作是計算機之父。] 語篇解讀　文中作者列舉了當今高中生忙于學習沒時間外出的現(xiàn)狀，說明了外出會有很多收獲，鼓勵學生們走出去，去獲取更多東西。 5．C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句和最后一句可知，作者認為外出是一種增加生活經(jīng)驗的機會，我們會從激動人心的旅程中獲得更多的知識。本段總結(jié)了作者的觀點。故選C。] 6．D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，高中生們有大量的作業(yè)要做，要把所有的時間用于學習考高分。對于他們來說外出活動就是一個夢想。故選D。] 7．B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“In doing so，we lose the real

33、 purpose of life—to be a valuable and happy person.To enjoy just how great it is to be alive，we have to put down our books and pens and look around us.”可知是運用了論證的方法；第四段中的“Lu Ban，created a saw to help woodworkers...We could also suppose that if Newton hadn’t rested under that apple tree...”是運用了舉例來說明自己

34、的觀點。故選B。] 8．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，作者認為高中生走出去是一種增加生活經(jīng)驗的機會，會從激動人心的旅程中獲得更多的知識，鼓勵學生們多出去走走。故選D。] 語篇解讀　網(wǎng)絡教育越來越受歡迎，但是在考試時如何防止考生作弊呢？本文介紹了幾種遏制網(wǎng)絡考試中作弊現(xiàn)象的方法。 9．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段提到的監(jiān)控內(nèi)容以及第三段的“In the battle against cheating...”可知，對Jennifer進行監(jiān)控是為了防止她考試作弊。故選D。] 10．A　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文可知，網(wǎng)絡遠程監(jiān)控設備是在蓬勃發(fā)展的網(wǎng)絡教育領域中鼓勵誠實的前沿科技，也是關鍵所

35、在。由下一句中的The technology也可推測出cutting edge指“尖端科技”。故A項正確。] 11．C　[細節(jié)理解題。除了遠程監(jiān)控手段外，文章在最后兩段還介紹了兩種防止作弊的方法，一種是核實考生的個人信息，另一種則是分析考生的答題速度。故選C。] 12．D　[主旨大意題。概括全文可知，文章主要介紹了幾種防止遠程網(wǎng)絡考試作弊的技術，旨在防止考生網(wǎng)上考試時作弊。故選D。] Ⅱ. 13．C　[根據(jù)上句：“In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversatio

36、n related with happiness.”，再根據(jù)空格下句：“Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding.”。關鍵詞only和promote表明此空應該是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的內(nèi)容，所以C項(But don’t play down small talk just yet.但是仍然不要貶低閑聊的作用)符合題意。 ] 14．G　[此處是實驗的結(jié)果。根據(jù)空格下句：沒有一個聊天的人表示自己碰了釘子。推出上句的意思可能是：與別人聊天的人表示旅途更愉快。故選G。] 15．A　[根據(jù)下文的“Chat with gallery goers”可知，參觀美術館的人也有同樣的感受。故選A。] 16．D　[根據(jù)本段中對兩類人的介紹可推知，有些人更擅長把聊天話題擴大。故選D。] 17．E　[根據(jù)上文：但是被認為“有好奇心”的人不需要幫助就能把諸如最喜歡的節(jié)日之類的乏味話題轉(zhuǎn)化為親近交流?？芍髡叩贸鼋Y(jié)論認為“好奇的心態(tài)”可以激發(fā)“積極的社會交往”。故選E。] 10