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1、Section Ⅳ　Grammar 直接引語和間接引語(Ⅱ)——祈使句 1．(教材P12)“Look at this example，”the teacher said to us. →The teacher told us to look at that example. 2．(教材P12)“Would you like to see my flat？”she asked. →She asked me to see her flat. 3．“Don’t look out of the window, boys，”said the teacher.→The teacher

2、told the boys not to look out of the window. 4．He said，“How clever the child is！” →He said how clever the child was. 祈使句的直接引語變間接引語，祈使句的間接引語形式多采用“動詞＋賓語＋動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的引述動詞有ask，tell，beg，warn，remind，advise，order等。 1．引述表示命令的祈使句，變間接引語時常采用ask/tell/order sb.(not) to do sth.的形式。 ◆“Finish the task in ten

3、 minutes，”the manager said to the clerk. →The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes. ◆“Keep silent！”the chairman said to the students. →The chairman ordered the students to keep silent. 2．當(dāng)直接引語為表示建議、提議、請求、勸告的祈使句(或表示請求、提議、勸告、建議的疑問句)時，多用suggest＋doing/that從句(如suggest后接that從句時，從句

4、使用虛擬語氣should＋動詞原形，should也可省略)，及ask/advise/want/beg sb.＋to do等結(jié)構(gòu)。 ◆Mary said，“Let’s go to the art exhibition this afternoon.” →Mary suggested going to the art exhibition that afternoon. →Mary suggested that we (should) go to the art exhibition that afternoon. ◆“Please have a rest，”she said to us.

5、 →She asked us to have a rest. 3．引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind，warn等詞轉(zhuǎn)述。 ◆“Take an umbrella in case of rain，”his mother said to him. →His mother reminded him to take an umbrella in case of rain. ◆The leader said to the workers，“Don’t speak while working.” →The leader warned the workers not to speak whi

6、le working. (1)無論是否定祈使句，還是表示委婉語氣的否定疑問句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要用不定式的否定形式：not/never to do sth.； (2)直接引語中的稱呼語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，一般把它當(dāng)作主句謂語動詞的賓語用。 ◆She said，“Don’t make so much noise, children！” →She told the children not to make so much noise. 4．感嘆句的直接引語變間接引語，直接引語為感嘆句時，間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可以用that引導(dǎo)。 ◆“What a beautiful d

7、ress it is！”the girl said to her friend. →The girl told her friend what a beautiful dress it was. ◆“How lovely the girl is！”he said. →He said how lovely the girl was. 將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語 1．“Wear a warm coat, Mary，” said Jenny. →Jenny told Mary to wear a warm coat. 2．“Don’t open the door before t

8、he bus stops，” Mr. Zhang warned. →Mr. Zhang warned us not to open the door before the bus stopped. 3．“Do you know where she lives？” he asked. →He asked whether I knew where she lived． 4．The young man said to me, “I like Beijing very much.” →The young man told me that he liked Beijing very much.

9、 5．“I’ll go over the grammar lesson once again，” he said. →He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 6．“Stop talking，” the monitor said to the class. →The monitor told the class to stop talking． 7．“Don’t take off your coat，” she said to her sister. →She told her sister not to tak

10、e off her coat. 8．She asked, “Don’t you know my telephone number？” →She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 9．“Do you like this one？” Tom asked. →Tom asked me whether I liked that one. 10．My mother asked, “Where have you been？” →My mother asked me where I had been． 單句改錯 1．D

11、ad asked us not play that dangerous game.play前加to 2．The woman warned him not to driving after drinking.driving→drive 3．Miss Zhou had told us to copy the words three times two days ago.ago→before 4．The leader ordered that we to leave the village before daybreak.去掉to 5．Mary said，“Would you please

12、explain this question to me then？”then→now 語法與寫作 1．男孩告訴老師他將盡他所能趕上其他人。 The boy told his teacher that he would try his best to catch up with others. 2．我老師問我是否喜歡打籃球。 My teacher asked me if/whether I liked playing basketball． 3．請叫鄰居們不要這樣喧嘩。(make) Please ask the neighbours not to make so much noi

13、se． 4．媽媽告誡孩子不要太靠近水邊。(get) The mother warned her child not to get too close to the water. 5．媽媽告訴我在爸爸睡覺時不要彈吉他(guitar)。 Mother told me not to play the guitar while my father was sleeping. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．The headmaster said to us, “Spend more time on your study.” →The headmaster told us to spend mor

14、e time on our study. 2．The woman said to her son, “Don’t touch my computer.” →The woman told her son not to touch her computer. 3．“Can I use your dictionary？” Tony said. →Tony asked me to use my dictionary. 4．“Get everything ready in two hours，” the boss said to us. →The boss ordered us to get

15、 everything ready in two hours. 5．Mum said to us, “Don’t waste water or electricity any longer.” →Mum warned us not to waste water or electricity any longer. 6．Peter said to me, “Would you please help me with the maths question now？” →Peter asked me to help him with the maths question then． 7．T

16、he teacher told his students not to waste time on those useless things. →The teacher said to his students, “Don’t waste time on these useless things.” 8．Martin asked his friend to go to the library with him the next day. →Martin said to his friend，“Let’s go to the library tomorrow．” 9．Henry aske

17、d me to join a dance club with him in two days’ time. →Henry asked, “Could you join a dance club with me the day after tomorrow？” 10．My father told us not to make the same mistake the next time. →My father said to us, “Don’t make the same mistake next time.” 閱讀理解 A Have you ever thought of ge

18、tting away from the present life and doing something completely different? Well, here are some people who have done just that. Back to the land In his early forties, Peter Van Der Groot was a successful salesman.He had a large beautiful home.But Peter worked long hours, and he saw little of his ho

19、me and family.He enjoyed his job, but he was never there to see his children growing up.Then last year, the firm(公司) he worked for closed down, and, unexpectedly, Peter had the chance to do something different. So Peter and his family sold their house in London and moved to the countryside.They bou

20、ght a smaller house with some land.Today, Peter is more relaxed.He spends time with his children, and he has seen them change into healthy, happy kids.He’s started working on his land, growing fruit and vegetables.Now he and his family have a common, but comfortable life. Life in the sun Husband a

21、nd wife Rob and Manda Brent used to be teachers, but they have both given up their jobs, and neither of them plans to return to the school where they worked in Birmingham’s city centre.Now they live in Italy, where they’ve bought a farmhouse in Tuscan Hills.“We’re going to offer bed and breakfast，”

22、said Rob.“We’ve never had our own business before, so it’ll be quite a challenge(挑戰(zhàn)). And we’ve borrowed a lot of money from the bank to get started.” “In this first three-month period, we’re settling in and repairing the farmhouse，” said Manda.“Then we’ll open our doors to guests.” Bed and breakfa

23、st will not be the only way for them to get money, though.“The farm has got olive(橄欖) trees and the equipment(設(shè)備) for producing olive oil.” 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了Peter和Brent夫婦為何要改變以前的生活方式。 1．What caused Peter to change his life? A．He lost his job. B．He led a hard life. C．He had to care for his k

24、ids. D．He wasn’t satisfied with his job. A　解析：推理判斷題。由第二段中的the firm(公司) he worked for closed down...Peter had the chance to do something different可知， 由于公司倒閉，失業(yè)的Peter有了改變生活的契機(jī)。 2．What change has taken place since Peter moved to the countryside? A．He lives a busier life. B．He has set up his own fi

25、rm. C．He has built a large beautiful house. D．He spends more time with his family. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。對比Peter前后的生活worked long hours...was never there to see his children growing up和Today, Peter is more relaxed.He spends time with his children可知， 搬到鄉(xiāng)下生活的Peter 有更多的時間陪伴家人。 3．What experience have Rob and Ma

26、nda had? A．Selling farm produce. B．Running a school in Italy. C．Serving breakfast for months. D．Teaching in a Birmingham school. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的Husband and wife Rob and Manda Brent used to be teachers...worked in Birmingham’s city centre.和never had our own business before可知， Rob和Manda有當(dāng)老師的經(jīng)驗。

27、 4．What will Rob and Manda’s farmhouse be mainly used as? A．A farm. B．A hotel. C．A school. D．A restaurant. B　解析：推理判斷題。由第四段中的offer bed and breakfast和最后一段中的we’ll open our doors to guests可知， Rob和Manda的農(nóng)舍主要是用作旅館。 B Q: As a non-native English learner, should I learn British English or American En

28、glish? A：The truth is that it makes little difference. Why？Because we can read works written in either American English or British English without too much trouble, and understand each other perfectly well as long as we don’t use too much colloquial slang(口語俚語). They are the same language—both are

29、still English. The main differences are in vocabulary for some everyday things. However, most Americans know what trousers are, and Britons and Australians know that “pants” are trousers in an American book or movie. And there are a few small spelling differences. There are some very small grammar

30、differences, but these are too small—most of them will probably not even be noticed. I’m British, and I often read books written in American English, as well as British English. To tell you the truth, I hardly notice the differences. If you want to learn English and use it internationally, learn b

31、oth kinds. It’s not difficult—just a few extra words or spelling differences to learn.It’s good to know how English speakers from all over the world use the language, no matter where they come from. You might need to know that American English is used mainly in North America, but British English is

32、the standard English in the rest of the English-speaking world, including Britain’s old colonies (殖民地)—Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Singapore, India, Malaysia，Hong Kong, etc. Even “British English” is a bit of a misnomer(用詞錯誤), since there is no real standard way of speaking English in the

33、 UK. Some people confuse “British English” with the accent called RP(Received Pronunciation), but they aren’t the same thing.British English is only a standard, not an accent.RP is only one accent in the UK. Few speak it.Other dialects are widely spoken in the UK today. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　作者認(rèn)為英式英語和美式英語的區(qū)別不是很大，

34、二者都學(xué)會也不是很難。 5．The author most probably finds American colloquial slang________． A．strange B．helpful C．difficult D．interesting C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)回答部分第一段的understand each other perfectly well as long as we don’t use too much colloquial slang(口語俚語)可推斷，作者覺得口語俚語不好懂。 6．What does the example of “trousers”

35、 and “pants” show? A．Some differences are easy to notice. B．Differences in vocabulary are common. C．One thing can be called different names. D．Americans and Britons can understand each other. D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)回答部分第二段的However，most Americans know what trousers are，and Britons and Australians know tha

36、t “pants” are trousers in an American book or movie.可知，作者是想表明美國人和英國人能夠理解彼此說的話。 7．What can we learn about Received Pronunciation? A．It is not an accent. B．It is British English. C．It is often used in the US. D．It isn’t widely used in Britain. D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)回答部分第四段的British English is only a stand

37、ard, not an accent.RP is only one accent in the UK.Few speak it.可知，這種方言用的人少。 8．The author would most probably agree that________． A．colloquial slang shouldn’ t be used often B．British people find it hard to understand Americans C．British English and American English don’t differ too much D．peop

38、le should learn British English instead of American English C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)回答部分第一段的The truth is that it makes little difference.以及第二段的To tell you the truth, I hardly notice the differences.可知，作者覺得美式英語跟英式英語之間的差別不大。 語法填空 Getting better grades can be hard. However, you can achieve it if steps 1._____

39、____(take). Firstly, make good use 2.________ class time. Do your reading before class, and if anything confuses (使困惑) you, think out questions you can ask in class. When your teacher asks 3._________ question, put up your hand to give an answer. If you are 4.____________(nature) shy, take a breath,

40、 relax and do your best 5.____________(ignore) other people’s opinions. More importantly, clearly write down what your teacher says in class. Secondly, pay attention to your homework. Try to find a place where there are no 6.____________(noise)．Put your phone out of sight so you won’t be attracted

41、to it.After studying for 45 minutes, take 15 minutes to get up, move or do another activity 7.____________ gives your brain a rest. Finally, take care of 8.___________(you)．Not getting enough sleep is terrible for your grades. So go to bed early and sleep about eight hours every night.And physical

42、exercise 9._________(be) helpful for you to improve your grades.So, if you don’t play a sport or have gym class every day, spend 30 minutes after school 10.________(walk) to get some exercise. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了如何提高學(xué)習(xí)成績。 1．a(chǎn)re taken　解析：主語為steps, 與take之間是被動關(guān)系，故填are taken。 2．of　解析：make good use

43、of...充分利用……。 3．a(chǎn)　解析：可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前需要用冠詞，且此處表示泛指，故填不定冠詞a。 4．naturally　解析：該空修飾形容詞shy, 故填nature的副詞形式naturally。 5．to ignore　解析：do one’s best to do sth.盡力做某事。 6．noises　解析：根據(jù)該空前的are可知， 此處應(yīng)用noise的復(fù)數(shù)形式， 表示“各種噪音”。 7．that/which　解析：先行詞為another activity, 關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語， 故填that或which。 8．yourself　解析：該空所填詞在句中作賓語且指代主語本身

44、， 故填you的反身代詞形式y(tǒng)ourself。 9．is　解析：主語為physical exercise, 且表示一般情況， 故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式， 時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。 10．walking　解析：spend time doing sth.花時間做某事。 短文改錯 Last week, I returned from England after three months of live abroad as a international student.During our stay, I lived with a host family.They taught me man

45、y useful thing that I could never learn from textbooks.Because of I had to speak English all the time, my English improved greatly.I attended classes in a middle school.At first this was especial difficult for me.But surprisingly, before long I begin to understand what the students and teachers were

46、 saying.The other students was very kind to me, and I made lots of friends.But by the end of the third month, I almost didn’t want come home. 答案： Last week, I returned from England after three months of abroad as international student. During stay, I lived with a host family.They taught me many

47、 useful that I could never learn from textbooks.Because I had to speak English all the time, my English improved greatly.I attended classes in a middle school.At first this was difficult for me.But surprisingly, before long I to understand what the students and teachers were saying.The other students very kind to me, and I made lots of friends. by the end of the third month, I almost didn’t want come home. - 9 -