《（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復習 專題4 任務型閱讀 第三節(jié) 概括詞匯類學案 牛津譯林版》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復習 專題4 任務型閱讀 第三節(jié) 概括詞匯類學案 牛津譯林版（11頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第三節(jié)　概括詞匯類 (2017·江蘇) PopulationChange Whyistheworld’spopulationgrowing？Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonfortheexplosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits，butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.In1900，peoplediedattheaverageageof30.By2000theaverageagewas65.Butwhileincreas

2、inghealthwasatypicalfeatureofthe20thcentury，decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st. Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore，around50%oftheworld’spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel (i.e.2.1birt

3、hsperwoman) andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(especiallysince80%oftheworld’speoplenowliveinsuchnations)，butyou’dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo，whichmightcausecatastrophicglobal

4、shortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades. AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina，forinstance.Whatdoesitimply？First，Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry.Second，ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant，economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswil

5、lfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble. Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveash

6、orterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring？Nobodyisquitesure，butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdon’tbend，Russia’spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen’sbytheyear2050. InthenorthofIndia，thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates，butinthesouth，wheremosteconom

7、icdevelopmentistakingplace，birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist，birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal，25%ofIndia’sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030，asixthofthecountry’spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated. Onesolutionisobviouslyt

8、oimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfortheUSA，itisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from2010－2030.Moreover，theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit’slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulationandtowitnessstrongeconomicgro

9、wthoverthelongerterm. 考場思維模式 第一步：讀表格，知文章大意 通過略讀樹狀圖可知，本文話題是“人口下降”，并且分析了幾個國家存在的人口問題。 第二步：定位、定詞、定性、定形 任務型閱讀樹狀圖高度概括了原文信息，為了節(jié)約時間并且提高解題的針對性，先讀圖中的內(nèi)容，然后在原文中進行定位，定位后進行定詞，定詞后定性(如名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等)，最后定形(如單復數(shù)、非謂語形式、大小寫等)。 1.原文詞匯類 74.答案　economic 解析　文章第三、四、五段分別分析了中國、俄羅斯、印度存在的人口問題以及對本國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的影響，結(jié)合第三、五段中出現(xiàn)的econ

10、omicdevelopment以及第四段中出現(xiàn)的economicpromise可判斷填economic。 79.答案　immigration 解析　最后一段介紹了美國解決人口問題的辦法，即通過移民入境增加外國勞動力。根據(jù)“Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.”可判斷填immigration。 2.轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯類 73.答案　immediate 解析　根據(jù)第二段中的“...whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecade

11、s.”可知，發(fā)展中國家出生率的下降可能會導致幾十年后災難性的勞動力短缺，由withinafewdecades可知出生率下降帶來的影響可能不會立即顯現(xiàn)出來，故填immediate。 75.答案　old/older 解析　根據(jù)第三段的第一句“AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina，forinstance.”可知，中國很有可能出現(xiàn)年輕勞動力減少的問題，也就是說中國的勞動力群體正在變老，此處既可以用old的原級，也可以用其比較級。 76.答案　earlier 解析　根據(jù)第四段中的“...peopleinRussialiveasho

12、rterlifenowthanthosein1961.”可知，當前俄羅斯人的壽命比1961年時要短，liveashorterlife可以同義替換為earlierdeath(早逝)。 3.概括詞匯類 71.答案　lower 解析　根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“....decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.”可知，出生率的下降是21世紀的特征，也就是說，21世紀的出生率可能會比20世紀的更低，故填lower。 72.答案　size/scale 解析　根據(jù)第二段中的“...almostalldevelopednationsareexperie

13、ncingsub-replacementbirthrate.”可知，大部分發(fā)達國家正經(jīng)歷著人口負增長，也就是說發(fā)達國家難以保持人口的規(guī)模，“人口的規(guī)?！庇胻hesize/scaleofpopulation表達。 77.答案　living/life 解析　根據(jù)第四段中的“...butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.”可知，糟糕的飲食習慣尤其是長期酗酒與俄羅斯人壽命變短有很大的關系，所以需要改變?nèi)藗兊纳罘绞剑吧罘绞健笨梢杂脀ayofliving/life表達。 78.答案　equality 解析　根據(jù)第

14、五段中的“Inafurthertwist，birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.”可知，在教育水平落后的農(nóng)村地區(qū)出生率最高，而在教育水平發(fā)達的城市地區(qū)出生率最低。由此可以推斷，暫時不考慮出生率問題，如果印度能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)教育機會均等的話，它的經(jīng)濟可能會騰飛，故填equality。 80.答案　compensate 解析　根據(jù)最后一段可知，移民入境將會彌補美國年輕勞動力不足的問題，“彌補”可用compensatefor表示。 第三步：復查并且將答案填在答題卡上 復查完確

15、認不需要修改之后，將試卷上所寫答案填在答題卡指定區(qū)域，注意要認真書寫，不能潦草。 典型的任務型閱讀題目通常設置分為兩欄，左邊是文章提綱(passageoutline)，右邊是支持性細節(jié)或者論據(jù)(supportingdetails)。概括詞匯類要求能夠最大限度地覆蓋右欄信息，同時具有簡潔性。這就要求考生對全文或段落進行總體把握，通過觀察表格的設置特點，從而歸納和概括出所考查的單詞。 概括詞匯類要求考生能夠準確無誤地概括出文章的主題，能夠在概括的基礎上進行推斷、歸納、抽象并提煉出文章主旨或者重要信息，也就是要擁有在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)解讀基礎上的信息轉(zhuǎn)換能力?？疾榭忌鷮π畔⒌木C合加工和處理能力，其信息

16、既體現(xiàn)在短文閱讀中，也體現(xiàn)在表格信息的比較與理解中。 此類題目主要分為兩種類型： (1)總結(jié)性詞匯。設題大多數(shù)情況下是概括文章的標題、段落大意、事件過程、文章的目的、意義以及得出的結(jié)論等。 解題關鍵 (2)歸納詞。有的題目在原文中可能找不到具體的信息句。這就要求我們首先要確定信息區(qū)域，然后對該區(qū)域認真進行分析歸納。 解題關鍵 具體的解題步驟如下： (1)一審表格結(jié)構(gòu)。注意文章內(nèi)容脈絡、標題和所需的表達類型。 (2)二審短文意義。注意文章的段落和表格的匹配性。 (3)三審語法運用。注意涉及的構(gòu)詞法和語法項目。 A (2019·江蘇高三第二次百校聯(lián)考) WhyWeStr

17、uggletoSay“ILoveYou” FormanyAsian-Americans，thephrasebelongstothewonderfulworldofwhitepeopleweseeinthemoviesandontelevision. SomanyofourAsianparentshavestruggled，andsufferedinwaysthatarecompletelybeyondtheimaginationsoftheirchildrenbornorraisedinNorthAmericancomfort.ThisstruggleandsacrificewashowA

18、sianparentssay“Iloveyou”withouthavingtosayit.Andsomanyofuschildrenarenotexpectedtosayiteither，butinsteadareexpectedtoexpresslovethroughgratitude，whichmeansobeyingourparentsandfollowingtheirwishesforhowweshouldliveourlives. Ourparents，forthemostpart，toldustogetagoodeducation，getagoodjobandnotspeakup

19、，thingstheyhadtodotosurvive.Theyhaveencouraged，orforced，manyofustobecomedoctors，lawyersandengineers，andtofeelashamedifwedonot.Whattheseparentsdidnotdowastelluswecouldbecomeartists，actorsorstorytellers，peopleengagedinseeminglytrivial，unsafeandunstableprofessions. Ihavemetsofewwhohaveproudlytoldmetha

20、ttheirchildrenareEnglishmajorsorhavebecomewritersorartists.ButIbecameawriterdespite，andperhapsbecauseof，theirresistancetotheidea，myinarticulate(難以言喻的) desirespushingagainsttheirinarticulatesacrifice，allofittakingplacebeforeabackdropofrefugee(難民) lifeandracialreality. Igrewupintherelativelydiverseci

21、tyofSanJose，Calif.，inthe1980s.Myneighborswereolderwhiteworking-classpeople，MexicanimmigrantsandVietnameserefugees.ThenIwenttoamostlywhitehighschool，withonlyahandfulofstudentsofAsiandescent.Weknewweweredifferent，butwefoundourdifferencealittledifficulttoputintowords.Wecalledourselves“theAsianinvasion.

22、” TheironywasthatwehadnotinvadedAmerica.Americahadinvadedus，orattheveryleasthadoccupiedorfoughtinourcountriesoforiginorheritage.WewereherebecauseAmericawasthere. Lookingback，whatIonlybelatedlyrealizedwasthatIneeded—weallneeded—morestoriesfeaturingus.Morevoicesbelongingtous.Moreadvocatestellingours

23、toriesinourwaywithourfaces，ourinflections，ourconcerns，ourintuitions.Wejustneededtobeatthecenterofastory，whichwouldincludealltheaspectsofhumansubjectivity，notjustthegoodbutthebad，thethree-dimensionalfullnessthatwhitepeopletookforgrantedwiththeprivilegeofbeingindividuals. Whenitcametomassmedia’srepre

24、sentationsofus—filmandtelevision，morningradiodiscjockeyjokes—wegotonlythebad.Weweretheservants，theenemies，thehouseboys，theinvaders. Asaresult，somanyofuswhowatchedthesedistorted(扭曲的) imagesandheardthestupidjokeslearnedtobeashamedofourselves.Welearnedtobeashamedofourparents.Andtheshamecompoundedthein

25、abilitytosay“Iloveyou”，aphrasethatbelongedtothewonderfulworldofwhitepeoplewesawinthemoviesandtelevision. Wehadtolearnbetter，butthetruthisthatAsianparentshavetolearnbetter，too.YoucannotbeproudofyourartistandstorytellerchildrenonlywhentheywinGoldenGlobes.Wehonoryoursacrificeforus，butyouhavetoencourag

26、eyourchildrentospeakupaswell，toclaimtheirvoices，toriskfailure，totelltheirstoriesandyourstories.Attheveryleast，youcannotstandintheirway. WearestilltheAsianinvasionintheeyesofmany.WecannotacceptthisasourpriceofentryintoAmericansociety.Ifwemustassertourselvesandspeakoutagainstracismwhenitisdirectedaga

27、instus，wemustalsodosowhenitbenefitsus.AndwedothatbychallengingandchangingtheAmericanstory.Wedoitbytakingthestageandbytellingourownstories，whichisreally，intheend，ourwayofsaying“Iloveyou”toourparents，ourfamilies，ourcommunitiesandourcountry. Outline Detailedinformation FactsaboutAsian-Americans’fami

28、ly ?Childrencannot1.theirparents’sufferings. ?The2.resultingfromthedistortedimagesmakesAsianstooashamedtoexpresslove. Asianparents’3._______ Theirchildrenshouldobeythemanddosomethingfor4.. ?Getagoodeducation，getagoodjob ?Keepsilent ?Becomedoctors，lawyersandengineersratherthanartists，actorsand

29、storytellers Myexperience ?Itakeupwritingbecausemyparentsare5.tomychoiceandmydesires6.withtheirsacrifice. ?Ournationality7.usfromothersandlabelsourselvesas“theAsianinvasion.” Mysuggestions ?Weneedtogetacrossourinnervoicetootherswithmorestoriesfeaturingus. ?Weshouldberegardedasanindividual，not8

30、.butwiththethree-dimensionalfullness. ?Asianparentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentopursuetheirinterestsevenwhenthey9.. Conclusion Itisourwayofsaying“Iloveyou”toourparentstotrytohavea10.intheAmericanstory. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文?！拔覑勰恪睂τ谠S多亞裔美國人來說，這個短語屬于我們在電影和電視上看到的白人的美好世界。為什么我們要掙扎著說“我愛你”？作者對此進行了論述。 1.

31、答案　imagine/understand 解析　轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句可知，孩子們無法理解或想象父母的痛苦。故答案為imagine/understand。 2.答案　prejudice 解析　概括詞匯題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的第一句“Asaresult，somanyofuswhowatchedthesedistorted(扭曲的) imagesandheardthestupidjokeslearnedtobeashamedofourselves.”及第三句“Andtheshamecompoundedtheinabilitytosay‘Iloveyou’...”可知，扭曲的形象造成的偏

32、見讓亞裔美國人羞于表達自己的愛。故答案為prejudice。 3.答案　expectations/wishes 解析　概括詞匯題。根據(jù)第三段首句“Ourparents，forthemostpart，toldustogetagoodeducation，getagoodjobandnotspeakup，thingstheyhadtodotosurvive.”可知，這里在說亞洲父母的期盼和希望。故答案為expectations/wishes。 4.答案　survival 解析　轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第三段中的“...thingstheyhadtodotosurvive.”可知，他們的孩子應該為生存

33、做些什么。故答案為survival。 5.答案　resistant/opposed 解析　轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句可知，我的父母反對我從事寫作，但是他們越是反對，我越是堅持。故答案為resistant/opposed。 6.答案　conflict 解析　概括詞匯題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句可知，我從事寫作是因為我的父母反對我的選擇，我的愿望與他們的犧牲相沖突。故答案為conflict。 7.答案　distinguishes/tells 解析　概括詞匯題。根據(jù)第五段的最后兩句“Weknewweweredifferent，butwefoundourdifferencealittle

34、difficulttoputintowords.Wecalledourselves‘theAsianinvasion.’”可知，我們的國籍讓我們區(qū)別于其他人，并給自己貼上了“亞洲入侵”的標簽。故答案為distinguishes/tells。 8.答案　perfect 解析　概括詞匯題。根據(jù)第七段的最后一句可知，我們應該被視為一個個體，這個個體不是完美的，而是立體、豐滿。故答案為perfect。 9.答案　fail 解析　轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句可知，亞洲父母應該鼓勵他們的孩子追求他們的興趣，即使他們失敗了。故答案為fail。 10.答案　place/voice 解析　

35、概括詞匯題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句可知，在美國歷史中占有一席之地，是我們對父母、家人、社會和國家說“我愛你”的方式。故答案為place/voice。 B (2019·南通、泰州七市高三聯(lián)考) Lifecanbeoverwhelming(令人不知所措的).Wewanttodoasmuchaswecan，seetheworld，learnnewthings—anditcanallgetabittoomuch.Sometimeswereachapointwherewefeelthatwecannolongerbeinterestedineverything.Wehavetoshutsomeof

36、lifeout，andwedon’tlikethat.Wearelivingunderthefalseassumptionthattoknowanythingworthwhiletakesyearsofstudy，sowemightaswellforgetit. Butsomethinginsideusrebels.Westillwanttolearnnewthingsandmakenewthings.Theydon’thavetobebigthings.Copingwithtoobigachallengecanbedaunting (令人卻步的).Thesecretistobea“micr

37、omaster”byperfectinglotsandlotsofsmallthings—forabigpayoff. Amicromasteryisaself-containedunitofdoing，completeinitself，butconnectedtoagreaterfield.Youcanperfectthatsinglethingandmoveontobiggerthings.Amicromasteryisthewaywelearnaskids.Youneverabsorballthefundamentalsstraightaway—youlearnonecoolthing

38、，thenanother.PsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyihaswrittenabout“flow”—astateinwhichtimeseemstobesuspendedbecauseourinvolvementinwhatwe’redoingissogreat.Amicromastery，becauseitisrepeatablewithoutbeingrepetitious，hasalltheelementsthatallowustoenteraflowstate，whichproducesgreatcontentment. Aswegetolder

39、ourdefaultsetting(默認設置) becomes“off”not“on”.Westopgettinginterestedinnewthingsbecausewehaven’tgotenoughtimeorenergy.Thisisanexcusebutwhocanblameuswhenwehearweneed10,000hoursto“master”something.Micromasteryslicesthroughalltheexcuses.Youstartwithsomethingsosmallandeasythatitdoesn’timpactonyourlifeexce

40、ptpositively. WeenvythepersonwhohasaperfectFrenchaccent，whocanrollakayak，orcomposeapoemthatisn’tlaughable，whocanlayabrickwallthatdoesn’tfalldown.Theseareregardedashardthingstolearnwhichmeanagreatermasteryofthefieldconcerned.Butwithmicromasteryyoucanstartwiththetestpieceandthen—andonlythen——doyougob

41、ackupstreamtolearnanythingmoreaboutthenewworld. Seeingtheworldintermsofmicromasteriesmakesanythingseempossible.Fancybookbinding？Yoga？Tapdancingortankdriving？Allhavetheirmicromasteries.It’sveryliberating—younolongerhavetofeeltrappedinyourdayjob.Youwillstart，inasmallway，togetyourlifebackfromtheideath

42、attheworldseemstopushonusthatweshoulddojustonethingallourlives. Anannoyingsituation ?Wearetoo11.toaccomplisheverythingweareinterestedinandsometimeswehavetomakeatrade-off. ?Wetakeitforgrantedthatanythingworthwhiledoesn’thavean12.______payoff，sowemightaswellforgetit. Apracticalapproach ?Insteadof

43、accomplishingbigthings，thesecretistobeamicromasterbystarting13.things. Factsaboutamicromastery ?Itisconnectedtoagreaterfield.Wecan14.uponsmallsuccessestoachievegreatness. ?Itenablesustohaveagoodcommandofimportantthingsina15.way. ?Itcanhelpenteraflowstatewhenweare16.inwhatwearedoing. ?Fortheadul

44、tswholacktimeandenergytotrynewthings，itcanhavea17.________impactontheirlives. ?Insteadofenvyingtheachievers，wecan18.theunknownworldbystartingwiththetestpiece. Conclusion ?Amicromasterycanhelpustoliberateourmindsand19.ourboundaries. ?Forasatisfiedlife，bea20.ofsmallthings. 11.答案　ambitious/gre

45、edy 解析　概括詞匯題。根據(jù)第一段的前兩句“Lifecanbeoverwhelming (令人不知所措的).Wewanttodoasmuchaswecan，seetheworld，learnnewthings—anditcanallgetabittoomuch.”可知，我們過于雄心勃勃，無法完成我們感興趣的每一件事，有時我們不得不做出取舍。所以填ambitious/greedy。 12.答案　immediate/instant 解析　概括詞匯題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知，我們想當然地認為任何有價值的事情都不會有立竿見影的效果，所以我們不妨把它忘掉。所以填immediate/instan

46、t。 13.答案　small/humble 解析　原文詞匯題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Thesecretistobea‘micromaster’byperfectinglotsandlotsofsmallthings—forabigpayoff.”可知，與其畏懼大事，還不如從完善許多小事做起來獲得大回報。所以填small/humble。 14.答案　build/depend/rely/count/rest/base 解析　概括詞匯題。根據(jù)第三段的第一、二句可知，我們可以在小成功的基礎上取得偉大的成就。所以填build/depend/rely/count/rest/base。 15.答案

47、　gradual/steady/slow 解析　概括詞匯題。根據(jù)第三段的“...youlearnonecoolthing，thenanother.”可知，它使我們能夠以一種漸進的方式掌握重要的事情。所以填gradual/steady/slow。 16.答案　involved/absorbed/buried/occupied/engaged 解析　轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句可知，心理學家米哈里·契克森米哈提出過“涌流”一詞，指一種當我們沉浸于所做的太好的事情時，時間就好像是停止了的狀態(tài)。involvement可同義替換為involved/absorbed/buried/occu

48、pied/engaged。 17.答案　positive 解析　轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第四段可知對于缺乏時間和精力去嘗試新事物的成年人，它可以對他們的生活產(chǎn)生積極的影響。所以填positive。 18.答案　explore 解析　概括詞匯題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句“Butwithmicromasteryyoucanstartwiththetestpieceandthen—andonlythen—doyougobackupstreamtolearnanythingmoreaboutthenewworld.”可知，與其羨慕成功者，不如從小事情開始去探索未知的世界，所以填explore。 19

49、.答案　extend/stretch/cross/break/push 解析　概括詞匯題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“It’sveryliberating—younolongerhavetofeeltrappedinyourdayjob.”可知，這里意思是它可以幫助我們解放思想，擴展我們生活的邊界。所以填extend/stretch/cross/break/push。 20.答案　master/god/controller/commander 解析　概括詞匯題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Youwillstart，inasmallway，togetyourlifebackfromtheideathattheworldseemstopushonusthatweshoulddojustonethingallourlives.”可知，要得到滿意的生活，須做小事情的主人。所以填master/god/controller/commander。 11