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1、第4講? 議論文 議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表意見(jiàn)、提出主張的文體。論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證是不可缺少的三要素?？忌诮o出的材料和話題的基礎(chǔ)上自由發(fā)揮，對(duì)所給材料進(jìn)行判斷、論述和發(fā)表個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。這種體裁有利于體現(xiàn)學(xué)生個(gè)性發(fā)展和思維的靈活性，符合新課程的理念。絕大部分議論文基本上宜用“三段式”的寫法，具體來(lái)講就是： 第一段：開(kāi)頭——引論。用以引出一個(gè)令人關(guān)注的話題(topic)，闡明觀點(diǎn)或看法。 第二段：主體——本論。全文的主要部分，對(duì)提出的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析、推論，運(yùn)用材料對(duì)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論述，使論點(diǎn)得到足夠的支持。 第三段：結(jié)尾——結(jié)論。對(duì)主體部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括，明確論點(diǎn)所要解決、論證的問(wèn)題。

2、有時(shí)則是提出建議或給出解決問(wèn)題的方法或策略。 議論文的寫作較之于其他體裁的文章相對(duì)有規(guī)律可循，文章的開(kāi)頭具有一定的共性，行文中段落的過(guò)渡和觀點(diǎn)之間的轉(zhuǎn)化也有相似之處。因此使用規(guī)律性的語(yǔ)句不但可以顯得條理清楚，而且可以提高文章檔次。 1．段首常用語(yǔ) (1)We have had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged by parks. (2)We have had a survey on whether students should be allowed to take mobile phones

3、to school. (3)Different people hold different opinions/views. (4)People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards/to ... (5)People take different views on this question. (6)People have different opinions on this problem. 2．段落過(guò)渡常用語(yǔ) (1)Others have different opinions. (2)Sixty percent of t

4、he students are for the idea, while forty percent of them are against the idea. (3)Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to ..., but forty percent of them don't think so. (4)However, ... of them hold a different view/ ... of them hold the opposite opinion. (5)People who are against it

5、don't think so. (6)However, every coin has two sides. 3．段尾常用語(yǔ) (1)As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ... (2)In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ... (3)Only in this way can ... in the future. 4．議論文格式模板 模

6、板(1)：觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比型 There is a widespread concern over the issue that ________ (作文題目). But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. The majority of people think that ________ (觀點(diǎn)一). In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude. In the f

7、irst place, ________ (原因一). Furthermore/In the second place, ________ (原因二). So it goes without saying that ________ (觀點(diǎn)一)． The other people, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. They hold the idea that ________ (觀點(diǎn)二). In their point of view, on the one hand, ________ (原因一). On the oth

8、er hand, ________ (原因二). Therefore, there is no doubt that ________ (觀點(diǎn)二)． As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that ________________ (觀點(diǎn)一或觀點(diǎn)二). It is not only because __________， but also because __________. The more __________， the more __________. 模板(2)：說(shuō)明利弊型 Nowadays many peopl

9、e prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First, ____________ (A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一). Besides, ____________ (A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二)． But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that _________

10、_______ (A的第一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)). To make matters worse, ________________ (A的第二個(gè)缺點(diǎn))． Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ________ (我的看法). From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it seri

11、ously and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only in this way ____________ (對(duì)前景的預(yù)測(cè))． 模板(3)：觀點(diǎn)陳述型 Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) ________ (作文題目). It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no effort to take some meas

12、ures to solve this problem. As we know, there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, ________ (途徑一). In addition, another way contributing to successfully solving the problem is ________ (途徑二)． Above all, to solve the problem of ________ (作文題目), we should find a numb

13、er of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say，____________ (方法陳述)． 假如你是高中生張萌。iPad已經(jīng)成為中學(xué)生的新寵。上周你們班就中學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該將iPad帶進(jìn)校園進(jìn)行了一次討論。請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)寫一篇短文，談?wù)勚袑W(xué)生使用iPad的情況。短文內(nèi)容包括以下要點(diǎn)： 1.iPad給中學(xué)生帶來(lái)的好處； 2.iPad給中學(xué)生帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響； 3.你對(duì)中學(xué)生使用iPad的看法和建議。 注意：1.詞數(shù)10

14、0左右； 2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 　 　 　 　　 [審題謀篇通思路] 本題要求就“iPa

15、d給中學(xué)生帶來(lái)的好處或壞處”進(jìn)行論述，可以分為四段： 第一段：提出問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象——中學(xué)生現(xiàn)在流行使用iPad。 第二段：說(shuō)明使用iPad的好處——可以聽(tīng)音樂(lè)、下載學(xué)習(xí)資料等。 第三段：說(shuō)明iPad的負(fù)面影響——在教室里使用使老師和同學(xué)很反感。 第四段：表明自己的觀點(diǎn)——學(xué)校應(yīng)該制定一些規(guī)定來(lái)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生使用iPad。 [修訂提升爭(zhēng)高分] Nowadays, it's fashionable for young students to own iPads. Should the students bring their iPads to school? Last week we had a

16、 heated discussion about it. (合并為一個(gè)復(fù)合句：1.Last_week_we_had_a_heated_discussion_about_whether_the_students_should_bring_their_iPads_to_school.) Some students are in favor of it, because they can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read them. Obviously, it is very helpful to thei

17、r studies. (用“be of＋n.”改寫：2.Obviously,_it's_of_great_help_to_their_studies.) However, others are against it. Some students bring their iPads to the classroom to listen to music with earphones and even play video games. It makes teachers and students greatly annoyed. (合并為含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句：3.Some_students_b

18、ring_their_iPads_to_the_classroom_to_listen_to_music_with_earphones_and_even_play_video_games,_which_makes_teachers_and_students_greatly_annoyed.) In my opinion, the classroom is a place for studying, and concentration is terribly needed. Therefore, schools should make some rules to instruct the s

19、tudents to use iPads properly. 過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)(限時(shí)：25分鐘/篇) (一) 隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)的日益發(fā)展，網(wǎng)店成為一種新時(shí)尚，并且越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生開(kāi)始創(chuàng)辦網(wǎng)店。假定你是李華，是校報(bào)記者，請(qǐng)以“學(xué)生是否可以開(kāi)辦網(wǎng)店”為主題給校報(bào)撰稿。 支持 反對(duì) 你的觀點(diǎn) 1.早一步接觸社會(huì) 2.得到鍛煉 1.分心，影響學(xué)業(yè) 2.社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)少，容易被騙 …… 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．標(biāo)題和開(kāi)頭已寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Whether students should create online stores W

20、ith the Internet booming rapidly, creating an online store becomes fashionable. Meanwhile, more and more students are getting into the field to show their capabilities.　 　 　 　

21、 　 　　 　 　 　 　 [精彩范文] Whether students should create online stores With_the_Internet_booming_rapidly,_creating_an_online_store__becomes__fashionable.__Meanwhile,__more

22、__and__more_students_are_getting_into_the_field_to_show_their_capabilities. But opinions on whether they should do it are divided into two aspects. Students who are in favour of it believe that it offers an opportunity to make them get in touch with society ahead of time. What's more, it will toughe

23、n them better. On the contrary, it's thought that creating online stores will distract students from their study. Moreover, so young are students that they would be taken in easily. As for me, creating online stores is a good idea, partly because we should gain and accumulate some experience befor

24、e getting into society and partly because we need to achieve our maturity earlier. Just find the balance. (二) 某英文刊物現(xiàn)向中學(xué)生征稿，題目為“How to deal with used books after graduation”。你作為一位即將高中畢業(yè)的學(xué)生有意向該刊投稿，請(qǐng)你在文中試舉兩三例處理方式，并且簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明每種處理方式的利弊，最后談?wù)勀阏J(rèn)為的最佳的處理方式及原因。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 參考詞匯：參考書referenc

25、e books How to deal with used books after graduation 　 　 　 　

26、 　　 [精彩范文] How to deal with used books after graduation In the three senior high school years, we students have acquired much knowledge and consolidated our knowledge by doing plenty of exercises from the reference books we continually buy. When it comes to how to deal with these boo

27、ks after graduation, I think there are different ways. Throwing them away is of course the easiest way but a waste of money, material and even our wisdom because we have left some helpful marks in these books. Selling them to be recycled can be beneficial to our environment but it isn't a completel

28、y satisfying way. I think if we want to make full use of these books，we can send them to the younger ones who are poor but need them badly. Thus they not only save money but get the experience of learning from the books we used. Perhaps this is the best way to deal with our used books. 強(qiáng)化特訓(xùn)11　書面表

29、達(dá)(六)(限時(shí)：25分鐘/篇) [1] 某英文網(wǎng)站正在就一位網(wǎng)友創(chuàng)作的漫畫進(jìn)行討論。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)觀察下面兩幅漫畫，并根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容用英語(yǔ)發(fā)帖。內(nèi)容包括： 1．描述漫畫的內(nèi)容； 2．揭示漫畫的含義； 3．談?wù)勀愕目捶ā? 注意：詞數(shù)100左右。 　 　

30、 　 　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 [精彩范文] From the pictures we can see that things are quite different between the father and his son. When the boy was young, his father had to help him fix the toy car. But when the boy grows up, it i

31、s his turn to teach his father some new technology. The pictures suggest that the way of learning has changed. In the past, children depended on their parents for new knowledge. However, in modern times, the elder need young people to teach them new things. Personally, I think the young and the ol

32、d should help each other. Only in this way can they gain new knowledge and strengthen their relationships. [2] (2019·江南十校模擬)假設(shè)你是李華，請(qǐng)根據(jù)你對(duì)下面一幅圖片的觀察，給一家知名報(bào)社專欄“Voice Your Opinion”寫一封信，談?wù)勀愕挠^點(diǎn)與看法。 　　 注意：1.自選角度和內(nèi)容； 2．詞數(shù)100左右； 3．信的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear editor， In Chinese tradition, family reunion al

33、ways plays a very important part in communication. 　 　 　 　 　

34、 　　 Best wishes! Yours sincerely， Li Hua [精彩范文] Dear_editor， In_Chinese_tradition,_family_reunion_always_plays_a_very_important_part_in_communication. When a national holiday falls, members of a family will probably gather together to visit the seniors and enjoy being with each other. In

35、this picture, we can see that grandchildren of different ages are surrounding their grandparents. However, all of them merely focus their attention on smartphones and nobody seems to talk with their grandparents willingly. We can imagine how helpless and disappointed their grandparents are at the si

36、ght of this. Behind the picture also lies the fact that smartphones are depriving us of face－to－face communication with others, even among dearest ones. What a pity! I hope that we can respect the moments when we are together for a reunion and throw the smartphones aside! Best_wishes! Yours_sincerely， Li_Hua - 9 -