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1、 河北省武邑中學(xué)2016屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit1 Great scientists導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版必修5 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING GHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria 1.____her personal physician. But he became 2.______(inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people 3._____

2、____ (expose) to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause 4.______its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be control

3、led 5._______ its cause was found. He became interested in two theories 6. _____ possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this d

4、isease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the 7. _________(affect) person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu

5、iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places 8. ________all the d

6、ead people had lived. This gave him a 9._________(value)clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 8 Cambridge Street) had had no d

7、eaths. He had not 10. ________ (foresee) this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not 11._________ (drink)the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow

8、 looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river 12.__________ (pollute) by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the dise

9、ase slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found 13._______ (support) evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, 14._______ had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from

10、 the pump 15._____ much that she had it 16.________(deliver) to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. 17._______ this extra evidence, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this 18._______ ha

11、ppening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies 19.______(be) examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated. Using Language COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONARY THEORY Nicolaus Copernicus was fr

12、ightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not

13、tell anyone about his theory 20._____ the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system. The problem 21.________(arise) because astronomers

14、 had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it. Copernicus had thought long and ha

15、rd about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete. In

16、1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was 22.__________(spin) as it

17、went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the 23.__________(bright) of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published

18、 it as he lay dying in 1543. Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people 24.______ supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis 25._______ all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory r

19、eplaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen

20、Hawking. 自學(xué)加油站 1. put forward: 提出 An interesting suggestion for measuring the atmosphere around Mars has been put forward. ☆ put on穿上;戴上;增加 put out熄滅(燈);撲滅 (火) put up with…忍受 put down寫下來;放下； put off 耽誤; 延期 put up舉起，搭建，張貼，留宿 2. conclude: 得出結(jié)論,推論出; 結(jié)束，終止； From his appearance we may sa

21、fely conclude that he is a heavy smoker. conclusion n.結(jié)論in conclusion ＝ to conclude 最后，總之 得出結(jié)論的幾種表達(dá): arrive at a conclusion; come to a conclusion; draw a conclusion; reach a conclusion 3. expose: vt. 顯露；暴露；揭露 expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下 He exposed his skin to the sun.他把

22、皮膚暴露在陽光下. The old man was left exposed to wind and rain. 【演練】________ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(變異體) of genes in human bodies. A．Being exposed B．Having exposed C．Exposed D．After being exposed 4. cure: vt. & n. 治療,痊愈 ①cure sb of a disease

23、 Although the boy was beyond cure, his parents tried to cure him of bad habits. ②a cure for a disease Aspirin is said to be a wonderful cure for the pain. ③a cure for sth.: to remove a problem, or improve a bad situation解決問題，改善困境 The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for risi

24、ng prices. [辨析]cure與treat ① cure主要指痊愈，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果 ② treat強(qiáng)調(diào)治療過程，指通過藥物、特別的食品或運(yùn)動治療病人或疾病，不強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。 5. suspect: ① vt. 懷疑，猜疑 n. 嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人 She suspected him of taking her money.她懷疑是他拿了她的錢. ②以為，猜想 We suspected that he had finished doing his homework. 6. blame v. 責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把……歸咎于 n. 過失；責(zé)備 ① blame sb. /

25、 sth. for sth.: 因…而指責(zé) They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. ② blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把……歸咎于: The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack’s careless driving. It’s no use blaming our defeat on him. ③ (be) to blame應(yīng)受責(zé)備（主動表被動）；承擔(dān)責(zé)任 Which driver was to blame for the accident?

26、 ④ take the blame承擔(dān)責(zé)任 He is ready to take the blame for what had happened. 7. instruct: 老工人對我們進(jìn)行言傳身教的指導(dǎo): The old workers instruct us not only in words but deeds. ☆ instruction: n. 說明(書) Always read the instructions on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. 8. construct---

27、construction:n. 建造，建設(shè)，構(gòu)筑 under construction / repair / discussion在建設(shè)/維修/討論中 9. contribute: vt. & vi捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)，捐助 contribute to 有助于，造成= lead to; result in Plastic bags are provided for our convenience but they have also contribute to the pollution of the environment. contribute sth. t

28、o把…捐贈給…,給…投稿，為…貢獻(xiàn) make a contribution to為…做貢獻(xiàn) 10.make sense: 講得通，有意義; make sense of理解 No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence does not make any sense to me. Can you make sense of what I said / what the writer is saying? 11. cautious: careful to avoid danger or risks. 小心的; 謹(jǐn)慎的; ____ca

29、ution_________(n) be cautious of / about 對…謹(jǐn)慎，慎重(帶有提防、遲疑的心理) 12. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. every time 可以作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 Every time I read the novel, I have a better understanding of the characters. 與every time作連詞用時相類似的還有：the first/last time;

30、 each time; any time; the moment/ minute/second/instant; directly; immediately 13. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. Not until 位于句首，主句應(yīng)部分倒裝。 Not until I came home last night did Mum go to bed 【拓展】 control 短語歸納 beyond control 無法控制 be in control of sth

31、控制… be out of control 失去控制lose control of sth 失去對….的控制 gain/take/seize control of 取得了對…的控制 14.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 【考點(diǎn)一】1）suggest 作“表明，暗示”講時，賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。 Her pale face suggested that she was ill. 2) suggest 作”建議”講時，賓語從句多用虛擬

32、語氣“should+v”,should 可省。 All of them suggested the work (should) be started at once(工作馬上開始). 3) suggest +Ving He suggested taking the children to the zoo(帶孩子去動物園). 4）suggestion n.建議【C】/ advice【U】 提建議make a suggestion/give advice These suggestions didn’t appeal to me. 【考點(diǎn)二】 absorb vt. 吸收，吸引，使專心

33、 This kind of paper absorbs ink. 【拓展】1) absorb 可表示“接受（看法、知識等）”如： The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him. 2) be absorbed in 被…吸引住，使專注于…,聚精會神（做某事） My son was absorbed in the movie and didn’t hear my call. 15. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the

34、water so much that she had it delivered from the pump to her house every day. a.)have sth done 1) 使（讓，請）別人做某事，表示的動作是別人做的。 2) 遭遇到某事 Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine. b.)have sb. do sth. “讓\叫某人做某事” The captain had the soldier stand in the sun. c.)h

35、ave sb./sth. doing sth 讓某人/某物一直做某事 Please don’t have the lights burning all night. 16. He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.、 句中的with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the

36、earth 在句中作狀語，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：“with+名詞/代詞+賓補(bǔ)”，這是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。能充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的有不定式、分詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等。它可以表示時間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨. We found the hotel with the little boy leading us. The thief was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. The building looks more beautiful with all the lights on. With a lot of problems to deal

37、 with, the manager worked late into the night. He sleeps, with all the windows open. 17. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Only+狀語/狀語從句放在句首時，主句要部分倒裝，但是only若修飾主語，雖然放在句首，句子不倒裝。 Only by working hard can we succeed. Only if you work hard can you learn English well. 7