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1、 Subjunctive Mood Part one: 定義 英語動(dòng)詞有四種語氣： 陳述語氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的。 e.g. There are two sides to every question. 疑問語氣：用來提出問題或詢問情況。 e.g. Were you busy all day yesterday? 祈使語氣: 表示說話人對(duì)聽話人的請(qǐng)求或命令。 e.g. Don’t forget to turn off the light. 虛擬語氣: 表示說話者認(rèn)為所說的話與事實(shí)相反或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較??；或表示愿

2、望、請(qǐng)求或推測(cè)、建議等 e.g. If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky. Part two：用法 Step one：If 引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句 1、對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)（表示現(xiàn)在實(shí)際不存在的情況） e.g. If I were a boy, I would turn off my phone. If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world. If it were fine now, I would go shopp

3、ing. If he got up early, he would be on time Finding the rule： Contrast to the present facts （與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反） If clause （if 從句） Main clause (主句) The verb forms (謂語動(dòng)詞形式) Applying the rule 1. If the rich man ______ enough friends, he would feel happier. A. has B. would have C. ha

4、ve D. had 2. If I knew the teacher’s name, I _____ you a card. A. will send B. send C. would send D. sent 3. If I ____ you, I _____ worry. A. were/would not B. was/wouldn’t C. been/would have D. be/would 2、對(duì)將來情況的假設(shè) e.g. If he were to come here tom

5、orrow, I would tell him. If I were a boy, I would be a soldier. If I should fail in the exam, I would try again. If I failed in the exam, I would try again. Finding the rule: Contrast to the future （與將來事實(shí)相反） If clause （if 從句） Main clause （主句） The verb forms （謂語動(dòng)詞形式） Applying the

6、 rule: 1. 如果他要來的話，他會(huì)告訴你的。 ____________________________________________________________________. 2. 如果我是你的話，我就會(huì)去向她道歉。 ____________________________________________________________________. 3、對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)(表示與過去事實(shí)相反) e.g. If I had had time last night, I would have gone to see the film with you . I

7、f you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination. Finding the rule: Contrast to the past （與過去事實(shí)相反） If clause （if 從句） Main clause （主句） The verb forms （謂語動(dòng)詞形式） Applying the rule: 1. If he had known it was going to rain, he _____________________his umbrella to work

8、. (take) 2. They would have arrived at lunchtime___________________________________________. (如果航班沒有推遲) 3. If you had been more careful, __________________________________________________. (你就不會(huì)把包落在火車上了) Step two：wish 引導(dǎo)的虛擬句 e.g. I wish she were here. I wish you would go with us tomorr

9、ow. I wish she had taken my advice. Finding the rule: 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞形式：_____________________________. 與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞形式：_____________________________. 表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，謂語動(dòng)詞形式：___________________________. Applying the rule: 1. 我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。 ___________________________________________________

10、_______________________. 2. 我希望你能找到一個(gè)好職業(yè)。 ___________________________________________________________________________. 3. 他想要是他沒這樣做該多好。 ___________________________________________________________________________. Step three: 虛擬語氣在“要求、建議、命令”等從句中的應(yīng)用 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist 一提議： propose 兩個(gè)命令： order

11、 command 三個(gè)建議: suggest advise recommend 四個(gè)要求: demand require request desire 這些詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要使用虛擬語氣。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。 1. My demand is that she _______________ (come) to see me once a week. 2. All of us are for the advice that the chemical works____________(be)closed d

12、own. 3. He suggested that we ____________ (go) to Beijing for sightseeing. 4. The proposal that we______________(go)out for a picnic was warmly welcomed. 注意： 如suggest, insist用于其本意“暗示、表明“、”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“時(shí)，不用虛擬語氣，用陳述語氣。 1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody __________(obey)the rules. 2. He insisted

13、 that she______(be)seriously ill and that _________(send) to hospitals at once. 3. He suggested that we________(have) a meeting at once. 4. His pale face suggested that he______(be) ill. Step four: if only +句子（虛擬語氣） if only 意為：若是...那該多好啊; 真希望...; 只要, 只要...就好 if only相當(dāng)于“主語+wish” 因此，if only之后的虛

14、擬語氣的謂語形式與wish之后的賓語從句的謂語形式一樣。 1. 今天要是星期天就好了。 _________________________________________________________________________. 2. 要是雨會(huì)停下來該多好! _________________________________________________________________________. 3. 如果早點(diǎn)遇到她該多好！ ___________________________________________________________________

15、_______. Step five: as if/as though 引導(dǎo)的從句 as if/as though 引導(dǎo)的從句，若與事實(shí)相反或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性極小，也用虛擬語氣。 用法：as if /though + Clause 如果從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，則從句用一般過去時(shí)，有時(shí)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；如果從句的動(dòng)作先于主句，則從句用過去完成時(shí)；如果從句的動(dòng)作后與主句，則從句用過去將來時(shí)。 e.g. He treats me as if I were his son. She talked about the film as if she had really

16、seen it. Step six: would rather +從句 would rather 后的從句常用一般過去時(shí)形式，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r；用過去完成時(shí)，表示過去的情況。 e.g. I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you hadn’t let out the secret. Step seven: 虛擬語氣中的特例 1. It’s (high/right…) time that… （該。。。的時(shí)間到了） that 從句要用虛擬語氣：謂語用過去時(shí)或should + do(shou

17、ld一般不省) e.g. It’s time that you left here. It is high time that the children should go to bed 2. 在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形 1) It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 2) It’s natural that she should

18、 do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。 3) It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 3. 一些介詞短語, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否則), in that case(如果是那樣的話), 表示含蓄的條件,這時(shí)主句要用虛擬語氣 e.g. Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. Step eight： 含蓄條件句 非真

19、實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況: 1. 條件暗含在短語中。如： e.g. W hat would I have done without you? (條件暗含在分詞短語without you中) It would be easier to do it this way. (條件暗含在不定式短語to do it this way中) But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含條件是bu

20、t for your help) 2. 條件暗含在上下文中。如： e.g. You might stay here forever. (可能暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. (可能暗含if we had kept trying) 3. 在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如： e.g. You wouldn’t know. 你不會(huì)知道。 I would like to come. 我愿意來。 Step nine: 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句

21、 主句和從句的動(dòng)作不是發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間。這時(shí)，需要根據(jù)意思來表示不同時(shí)間的動(dòng)詞形式。 e.g. 1. If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now. 如果你聽我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么糟糕了。 2. If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。） Step ten：if 虛擬條件句的倒裝 If 虛擬條件句中，如果謂語動(dòng)詞含有were

22、，should， had時(shí)，可省略if，從句部分的助動(dòng)詞were/had/should等提到主語前面。 e.g. If I were you, I would try it again. Were I you, … If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Had he been there yesterday, … 1. ____the exam, he would have attend a college. A. If he passed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass 2.___five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off. A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive 4