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1、課時(shí)作業(yè)(五) [基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練] Ⅰ　單詞拼寫 1．The surroundings in the ________ (餐廳) have also been improved. 答案：canteen 2．Today police began a ________ (宣傳活動(dòng)) to reduce road accidents. 答案：campaign 3．The car runs at an ________ (平均的) speed of 100 miles per hour. 答案：average 4．There's plenty of space for all the us

2、ual kitchen ________ (家用電器)． 答案：appliance 5．Stress is a ________ (造成) factor in many illnesses. 答案：contributing Ⅱ　單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．I urge them ________ (stop) polluting our river. 答案：to stop 2．The only thing I'm ________ (concern) about is your blood pressure. 答案：concerned 3．Everyone should save

3、food by ________ (not waste) anything on the plate. 答案：not wasting 4．The volunteers saved them ________ starvation in the floods. 答案：from 5．They were hunted almost to ________ (extinct)． 答案：extinction Ⅲ　用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞匯，寫出一個(gè)語(yǔ)段 (remove; contribute; take ... into account; urge; reusable)

4、 答案：The environmental problems urge us to take the protection of environment into account and remove the pollution problems. We should contribute ourselves to environmental protection a

5、nd use more reusable materials in our daily life. [思維訓(xùn)練] Ⅰ　完形填空 Lauren Singer has produced almost no waste in the past two years. It proves that a waste－free __1__ is possible. Lauren studied environmental science at NYU, and it was during her student years that she began working towards a zero－

6、waste __2__. Today, she has learned to __3__ all of her own everyday eco－friendly products, such as toothpaste, shampoo, kitchen cleaner and the like. She also __4__ her own eco－friendly company, “The Simply Co”， through which she plans to __5__ her homemade products. Lauren regularly writes about

7、 her __6__ of a zero－waste life on her blog. She __7__ that the past two years haven't been __8__. “I stopped buying __9__ products and began __10__ my own bags and jars to fill with products at the __11__.”she explained. “I stopped buying __12__ clothes and shopped only second hand. I said no to pl

8、astic or paper bags at stores”. Although the journey has been __13__， her zero－waste life has been well worth the __14__. She says that she now __15__ a lot of money simply because she is __16__ when she goes shopping and does not buy things blindly. She also eats healthy food because she __17__ fre

9、sh organic (有機(jī)的) fruits and vegetables instead of packaged foods. The girl has become a(n) __18__ to many. She's giving __19__ in schools and colleges and also conducting more and more __20__ about her zero－waste lifestyle on TV and the radio worldwide. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Lauren Singer的故事告訴我們“零垃圾”生活方

10、式是可行的。 1．A.deal B．lifestyle C．system D．a(chǎn)ctivity 答案：B　通讀全文可知本文講的是Lauren Singer的“零垃圾”生活方式，lifestyle “生活方式”，故選B。 2．A.job B．game C．goal D．competition 答案：C　根據(jù)空格前的“she began working towards ... ”可知，goal “目標(biāo)”符合句意，故選C。 3．A.collect B．make C．a(chǎn)void D．mend 答案：B　根據(jù)本段最后的“her homemade products”可知，她自己制作日常

11、生活用品。make “制作”，故選B。 4．A.expanded B．decorated C．renewed D．founded 答案：D　根據(jù)后面的賓語(yǔ)“her own eco－friendly company”可知本處應(yīng)填found “創(chuàng)建”，故選D。 5．A.sell B．check C．classify D．improve 答案：A　前文說(shuō)“她自己制作日常生活用品”，此處成立公司自然是“銷售”自制的產(chǎn)品，故選A。 6．A.products B．difficulties C．experiences D．a(chǎn)mbitions 答案：C　根據(jù)下文談她過(guò)去兩年的情況可知，她在

12、博客中寫的是她的經(jīng)歷，故選C。 7．A.admits B．complains C．a(chǎn)rgues D．regrets 答案：A　根據(jù)下文介紹自己具體是如何做的且堅(jiān)持在做，可知本處意為“她承認(rèn)過(guò)去的兩年不容易”，admit “承認(rèn)”，故選A。 8．A.different B．fair C．successful D．easy 答案：D　結(jié)合生活實(shí)際與Lauren Singer具體所做的事可知，兩年堅(jiān)持下來(lái)不容易，故選D。 9．A.packaged B．particular C．fresh D．recycled 答案：A　根據(jù)下文“買東西時(shí)自己帶著包、瓶子”可知，Lauren Sin

13、ger不買包裝好的食品，packaged “包裝好的”，故選A。 10．A.emptying B．purchasing C．possessing D．bringing 答案：D　結(jié)合上文，本處意為“自己帶口袋”，bring意為“帶來(lái)”，符合題意，故選D。 11．A.house B．restaurant C．supermarket D．office 答案：C　本句提到買東西，故此處指去超市，故選C。 12．A.good B．new C．expensive D．beautiful 答案：B　根據(jù)下文“shopped only second hand”，可知本處意為“不再買新衣服

14、”，new “新的”，故選B。 13．A.long B．popular C．hard D．dangerous 答案：C　句意：盡管這一過(guò)程很艱辛。hard “艱辛的”，故選C。 14．A.effort B．reward C．respect D．praise 答案：A　句意：盡管這一過(guò)程很艱辛，但是她對(duì)于“零垃圾”生活方式所做出的努力還是值得的。effort “努力”，故選A。 15．A.lacks B．lends C．borrows D．saves 答案：D　根據(jù)下文“她不盲目地買東西”，可知本處意為“節(jié)省了很多錢”，故選D。 16．A.hurried B．prepared

15、 C．excited D．frightened 答案：B　根據(jù)下文“when she goes shopping and does not buy things blindly”可知，她購(gòu)物前都準(zhǔn)備充分，故選B。 17．A.stores B．chooses C．harvests D．serves 答案：B　根據(jù)前文“She also eats healthy food”可知，她是“選擇”有機(jī)食品，故選B。 18．A.companion B．manager C．honour D．inspiration 答案：D　根據(jù)后文“in schools and colleges”和“on

16、TV and the radio worldwide”可知，她的行為對(duì)很多人是個(gè)“激勵(lì)”，故選D。 19．A.sighs B．smiles C．talks D．presents 答案：C　give talks意為“作報(bào)告”，符合本處語(yǔ)境，且與后面的“接受電視采訪”呼應(yīng)，故選C。 20．A.interviews B．contests C．experiments D．ceremonies 答案：A　根據(jù)后文中的“on TV”可知，她接受了電視采訪，故選A。 Ⅱ　閱讀理解 Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange

17、 habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.

18、Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收銀臺(tái)). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds,_plas

19、tic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce

20、and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and th

21、e more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. Environmentalists don't dispute (質(zhì)疑) these points. They hope paper bags will

22、 be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。關(guān)于塑料袋的使用一直備受爭(zhēng)議，怎樣做才能減少環(huán)境污染？ 1．What has Steven Stein been hired to do? A．Help increase grocery sales. B．Recycle the waste material. C．Stop things falling off trucks. D．Argue for the use of plastic ba

23、gs. 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句并結(jié)合第二段最后一句中的“plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可知，塑料袋制造商雇傭Stein這樣的科學(xué)家來(lái)為塑料購(gòu)物袋的使用進(jìn)行辯護(hù)。故選D。 2．What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Bans on plastic b

24、ags. B．Effects of city development. C．Headaches caused by garbage. D．Plastic bags hung in trees. 答案：A　詞義猜測(cè)題。畫線詞所在句上一句提到，包括洛杉磯在內(nèi)的加利福尼亞州的大概90個(gè)城市，禁止使用了塑料袋。再結(jié)合畫線詞后的“to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可推斷出，此處headwinds指的是“bans on plastic bags”，即對(duì)塑料

25、袋的禁令。故選A。 3．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers? A．They are quite expensive. B．Replacing them can be difficult. C．They are less strong than plastic bags. D．Producing them requires more energy. 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句可知，環(huán)保袋的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是生產(chǎn)它們需要更多能源。故選D。 4．What is the

26、 best title for the text? A．Plastic, Paper or Neither B．Industry, Pollution and Environment C．Recycle or Throw Away D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control 答案：A　標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一、二段介紹了塑料袋的禁用及原因；第三、四段介紹了環(huán)保袋的使用及其缺點(diǎn)；再結(jié)合最后一段第二句可知，環(huán)境學(xué)家甚至希望某天也可以禁用紙袋。因此A項(xiàng)(到底是選擇塑料袋，紙袋還是兩者都不使用)準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章的主題，適合作標(biāo)題。故選A。 Ⅲ　概

27、要寫作 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 An average adult breathes more than 3,000 gallons of air every day. Children breathe even more. Air pollution is more harmful to the children than to the adults. Air pollution can cause breathing problems, disorders (紊亂) in the nervous system and an increased risk of

28、 cancer later in life. The American Lung Association explains why children are so affected by air pollution. Children are usually more active than adults. As a result, they breathe more rapidly and take more pollution deep into their lungs. Children also often breathe through their mouths, not thr

29、ough their noses. The mouth can't filter (過(guò)濾) out pollutants as well as the nose. Finally, children usually spend an average of 50 percent more time outdoors than adults, especially in summer. Air pollution is the worst in summer. In the past 30 years, programs to reduce air pollution in cities ha

30、ve made great progress. Most of the programs have centered on getting factories to reduce the pollution that they put into the air. New programs aim at reducing air pollution in children's daily lives. A good example of this is a new kind of “No Smoking” law. Its goal is to reduce secondhand smoke－c

31、igarette smoke in the air that others breathe in. Experts say that secondhand smoke is just as dangerous outside as inside. Over 70 cities in the United States now prohibit (禁止) smoking in public places. Several cities rule that smokers have to pay 100 to 250 dollars for their smoking in any outdoo

32、r public area. Some city officials are in favor of the new laws because they want to reduce the amount of secondhand smoke that children breathe. Others want to improve the environment in general. Most want both. A city health official in San Francisco, California, said “All of us that live in cit

33、ies are exposing ourselves to poisonous matter”. I'm in favor of anything that cleans up our environment. 寫前導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。二手煙對(duì)孩子的危害遠(yuǎn)大于成年人，所以杜絕公眾場(chǎng)合吸煙，做健康文明人！ [精彩范文] Air p

34、ollution has a greater effect on children than on adults. (要點(diǎn)1) Children take more activities than adults. They often breathe through the mouths rather than noses. (要點(diǎn)2) Programs to reduce air pollution in cities have made great development. A new type of “No Smoking” law comes into being. It aims to reduce the harm of secondhand smoke on children. (要點(diǎn)3) Some cities pass law punishing smokers for their smoking in public. Some city officials express their favor for the new laws. (要點(diǎn)4) - 8 -