《（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第四節(jié) 主旨大意題 二 文章或段落大意題學(xué)案 新人教版》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第四節(jié) 主旨大意題 二 文章或段落大意題學(xué)案 新人教版（18頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、二、文章或段落大意題 (2019·6月浙江，C) Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)． Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests，thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorun

2、affected，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent. Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，saidPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowasthelead

3、authorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)． ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandh

4、iscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment. Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincompa

5、risonwithhowmuchtheyneeded，takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall，airtemperature，dampnessofsoil，andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)． Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair，andearliersnowmelt，whichreducesthewa

6、tersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　文章主要講述了美國(guó)加利福尼亞州的森林中大樹急劇減少的現(xiàn)象，并分析了其原因。 27．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout? A．Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia. B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees. C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests. D．Theinfluenceoffarmingonbig

7、treesinCalifornia. 答案　A 解析　段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent”提到的數(shù)字可知，該段主要描述了加州森林中大樹急劇減少的嚴(yán)重性，故選A項(xiàng)。 28．Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees? A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests. B．Banningwoodcutting. C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.

8、 D．Firecontrolmeasures. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Apetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)．”可知，聲勢(shì)浩大的森林防火措施雖然一定程度上保護(hù)了森林，但同時(shí)也導(dǎo)致小樹泛濫，與大樹爭(zhēng)搶資源，從而導(dǎo)致大樹數(shù)量減少，故選D項(xiàng)。 29．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre? A．Inadequatesnowmelt. B．Alongerdryseason. C．Awarmerclimate. D．Dampnessoftheair. 答案　C 解析　

9、細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid...havebeenrisingtemperatures...reducesthewatersupply”可知，McIntyre認(rèn)為水資源短缺的主要原因是逐漸上升的氣溫，故選C項(xiàng)。 30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext? A．California’sForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone? B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoon C．WhyAretheBigTreesImpor

10、tanttoCaliforniaForests? D．PatrickMcIntyre: GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia 答案　A 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章主要講述了美國(guó)加州森林中大樹數(shù)量急劇下降的現(xiàn)象，并分析了其原因。因此A項(xiàng)能很好地概括全文。 一、題型解讀 說明文、記敘文、議論文三種文體涉及的多種話題如社會(huì)文化類、人物故事類、科普說明類，都會(huì)考查文章大意類題。設(shè)問形式常有： (1)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/the passage/text? (2)Whatdoesthet

11、ext/passagemainlyfocuson? (3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout. (4)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis. (5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson. 二、解題技巧——“主題句定位”尋主旨 文章是由段落組成的。段落的主題就是段落的中心思想，具體段落的中心思想又是為文章整體中心思想服務(wù)的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。找出每段的主題句，各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句，各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。有的文章無(wú)明顯的主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中

12、，這就需要進(jìn)一步加工概括。觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撐性細(xì)節(jié)。 主題句的位置一般有以下幾種： (1)主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開門見山，提出主題，用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋或拓展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想，是最常見的演繹法寫作方式。新聞報(bào)道、說明文或議論文通常采用這種寫法。 (2)主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。在表述細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)以概括主題，是最常見的歸納法寫作方式。 (3)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)束時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題。 (4)主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。寫作方式為：細(xì)節(jié)描述——?dú)w納主題——進(jìn)一步解釋。 以下是找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門： (1)段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞匯(如however，but，

13、in fact，actually等)時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。 (2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對(duì)該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 (3)作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。 (4)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等詞。 例如：【真題感悟】中第27題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent”提到的數(shù)字可知，該段主要描述了加州森林中大樹急劇減少的嚴(yán)重性，故選A項(xiàng)。

14、 A (2019·河北衡水中學(xué)押題卷二) Astheparentofa7-year-oldboy，sometimesIfeellike“no”ismymost4frequentlysaidword.ButifIlookhonestlyatthebig6pictureofmydailyvocabulary，Iprobablywouldconcludethatitactuallycontainstoomuch“yes”．Sayingyesmeansopeningmyselfuptonewexperiences，invitingnewordeeperrelationships.Buttoo

15、much“yes”leavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(過分受約束的)andpowerlesstosetand1maintainboundariesinourlives. ThishadbeenonmymindwhenTheBookofNo：365WaystoSayItandMeanIt—andStopPeople-PleasingForevercameacrossmydesk.Theneweditionofthisdecade-oldbookbypsychologistSusanNewmanisamust-readbookforthoseofu

16、swhostruggletosay“no”withauthenticity，confidenceandkindness. Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlife“people-pleasers”．Thechiefsymptomsofthisconditionincludeassociatinghelpingotherswithyourself-respect，holdingexpectationsthatyouwillcareforothersandfeelingunwillingtostateyourownn

17、eedswhenarequestcomesyourway.Forpeople-pleasers，“yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，”Newmanwrites. 8Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundarie

18、s.Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends，atwork，withinfamiliesandinparenting.Readingthroughthescenarios，Irealizedtheyhavesomethingsincommon—thingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemy“no”skills. Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou？It’sOKiftheansweris“no”，butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiv

19、eReadingListshelf. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　在日常生活中，說“是”意味著讓自己接受新的體驗(yàn)，迎接新的或更深層次的關(guān)系。但是，太多的“是”會(huì)讓我們感到焦慮、過分受約束、無(wú)力在生活中設(shè)定和維持界限。本文建議我們學(xué)會(huì)用積極的方式說“不”。 1．WhydoestheauthorincludehisownpersonalexperienceinParagraph1? A．Toblamehimself. B．Toshowhowtoguidekids. C．Totellhislikesanddislikes. D．Tohelprecommendabook. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題

20、。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Buttoomuch‘yes’leavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(過分受約束的)andpowerlesstosetandmaintainboundariesinourlives.”和第二段內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段中包含了他自己的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷是為了推薦一本書。故選D。 2．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph3? A．Howtodealwitharequest. B．Whyaskersturntoothersforafavor. C．Whypeople-pleaserssay“yes”

21、toooften. D．Howtostrengthenrelationshipswithaskers. 答案　C 解析　段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlife‘people-pleasers’．”和“Forpeople-pleasers，‘yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，’Newmanwrites.”可知，第三段主要談?wù)摰氖恰盀槭裁慈倓e人的人總是說

22、‘是’”。故選C。 3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scenarios”inPara.4probablymean? A．Occasions. B．Processes. C．Adventures. D．Stories. 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends，atwork，withinfamiliesandinparenting.(Newman考慮了朋友、工作、家庭和養(yǎng)育子女之間的關(guān)系。)Readingthroughthescenarios，Irealizedtheyhav

23、esomethingsincommon—thingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemy‘no’skills.”(通過閱讀這些場(chǎng)景，我意識(shí)到他們有一些共同的事情，這些事情立即開始幫助我提高我的“不”技能。)可知畫線詞的意思是“場(chǎng)合，場(chǎng)景”。故選A。 4．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodo? A．Givenoresponsetoanydemand. B．Learntosay“no”inapositiveway. C．Keepopenallchannelsofcommunication. D．Say“yes”consta

24、ntlywithoutfeelingguilty. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou? It’sOKiftheansweris‘no’，butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiveReadingListshelf.”可知，作者建議我們學(xué)會(huì)用積極的方式說“不”。故選B。 B (2019·山西大學(xué)附中模擬) BluePlanetⅡ’slatestepisodefocusesonhowplasticishavingadisastrouseffectontheoceanands

25、lowlypoisoningourseacreatures.ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth，theMarianaTrench，haveplasticintheirstomachs.Indeed，theoceansaredrowninginplastic. Thoughitseemsnowthattheworldcouldn’tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics，consumerplasticsarearemarkablyrecentinventio

26、n.Thefirstplasticbagswereintroducedinthe1950s；thesamedecadethatplasticpackagingbegangaininginpopularityintheUnitedStates.Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch，forinstance，isstillaveryearlyscience. Weputalltheseplasticsintotheenvironmentandwes

27、tilldon’treallyknowwhatthe5outcomesaregoingtobe.Whatwedoknow，though，is2disturbing.Oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalseveryyear.Nearly700species，includingendangeredones，areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles，whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish，havebeenfoundw

28、ithplasticintheirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050，that7figureisexpectedtoriseto100percent. Andit’snotjustwildlifethatisthreatenedbytheplasticsinourseas.Humansareconsumingplasticsthroughtheseafoodweeat.Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster，w

29、orthmentioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否認(rèn)者)，atleastsofar.Todosomethingaboutit，wedon’thavetoremakeourplanetenergysystem. Thisisnotaproblemwherewedon’tknowwhatthesolutionis.Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknow

30、howtodispose(處理) ofit.Weknowhowtorecycle.Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle-useplasticproducts.9Thingsthatmayseemordinary，likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag—whentaken3collectively，thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了《藍(lán)色星球Ⅱ》的最新一集關(guān)注的是塑料如何對(duì)海洋產(chǎn)生災(zāi)難性影響，如何慢慢毒害我們的海洋生物。研究人

31、員最近還發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在地球上最深處——馬里亞納海溝的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的確，海洋被塑料淹沒了。 5．Whyisplasticspollutionresearchstillaveryearlyscience? A．Theplasticspollutionresearchistoodifficult. B．Plasticshaveproducedlesspollutionthancoal. C．Theworldcouldn’tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics. D．Plasticshavegainedinpopularitytoofastforscie

32、ncetocatchup. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，雖然現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，沒有塑料世界是不可能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的，但消費(fèi)塑料卻是最近才發(fā)明的。第一個(gè)塑料袋是在20世紀(jì)50年代問世的，就在塑料包裝在美國(guó)開始流行的那十年里，塑料包裝的數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)得如此之快，以至于科學(xué)仍在跟上這一變化。例如，塑料污染研究仍然是一門非常早期的科學(xué)。由此可知，塑料普及得太快了，科學(xué)跟不上。故選D。 6．HowdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninParagraph3? A．Bystatistics. B．Byquotationsfromleadingexperts. C．Byusin

33、gexamplesfromhisownexperience. D．Bycomparisonandcontrast. 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段介紹：我們把所有這些塑料投入到環(huán)境中，但我們?nèi)匀徊恢罆?huì)產(chǎn)生什么結(jié)果。然而，我們所知道的是令人不安的。據(jù)估計(jì)，海洋塑料每年會(huì)殺死數(shù)百萬(wàn)的海洋動(dòng)物。據(jù)了解，包括瀕危生物在內(nèi)的近700種物種已被證實(shí)受到影響。有三分之一的棱皮龜胃里都有塑料制品，它們經(jīng)常把塑料袋誤認(rèn)為水母。目前，90%的海鳥經(jīng)常吃塑料制品。到2050年，這一數(shù)字有望上升到100%。由此可知，作者是通過統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法來(lái)支持自己的觀點(diǎn)的。故選A。 7．Whatcanweinfera

34、boutclimatechange? A．Climatechangeiscausedbyhumanactivities. B．Somepeopleholdsomedoubtsaboutclimatechange. C．Climatechangeislessimportantthanoceanpollution. D．Oceanplasticismorecomplicatedthanclimatechange. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster, worthmen

35、tioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否認(rèn)者), atleastsofar.(我可以理解為什么有些人把海洋塑料視為災(zāi)難，這和氣候變化一樣值得提及。海洋塑料不像氣候變化那么復(fù)雜。沒有海洋垃圾否認(rèn)者，至少到目前為止是這樣)”可推知，有些人對(duì)氣候變化持懷疑態(tài)度。故選B。 8．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage? A．Oceanplasticisaglobalissue. B．Th

36、eoceansbecomechokedwithplastic. C．BluePlanetⅡhasleftviewersheartbroken. D．Plasticsgaininpopularityallovertheworld. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意題。文章介紹了塑料如何對(duì)海洋產(chǎn)生災(zāi)難性影響，如何慢慢毒害我們的海洋生物。研究人員最近還發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在地球上最深處——馬里亞納海溝的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的確，海洋被塑料淹沒了，由此可知，文章大意講塑料充斥著海洋。故選B。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫線部分的意思 1．Partofmyjobistomai

37、ntainagoodrelationshipwithoursuppliers.維持 2．I’velookedupalotofinformationaboutsmokingandI’vefoundoutsomedisturbingfacts，includingsomedeathcases.令人困擾的 3．To achieve our goals，we should team up with each other and work collectively.共同地，集體地 (二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換 4．Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhofrequentlytextd

38、uringclassarelesslikelytoachievetheiracademicgoals.often 5．ItookpartinanEnglishcompetitionafewweeksagobutunexpectedly，theoutcomewasdepressing.result/consequence (三)一詞多義 6．picturen．圖片；照片v．想象，設(shè)想；描繪 (1)Ican’tpicturehimskiing.Heissoclumsyinhissuits.v.想象 (2)Speechisthepictureofthemind.n.圖片 7．figure

39、n．?dāng)?shù)字；體形，身材；人物；雕像，塑像；圖形；人影v．計(jì)算；認(rèn)為，估計(jì) (1)Accordingtothelatestfigures，itissafetoconcludethattheeconomyisgraduallyrecoveringfromthedecline.n.數(shù)字 (2)IhavefiguredouthowmuchduringtheweekIspent.v.計(jì)算 (3)Ifigurethatwearingasuitmakesyoulooklikeabankclerk.v.認(rèn)為 (4)Lisawasveryfrightenedasshesawafigureinthedark

40、ness.n.人影 (5)Itiswidelyacceptedthataslimfigureiswhatmostwomenarelongingfor.n.體形，身材 Ⅱ.長(zhǎng)難句理解 8．Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundaries. [句式分析]　本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句是Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesfo

41、rhundredsofscenarios；inwhich引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞scenarios，inwhich相當(dāng)于“where”。rangingfrom...為v.-ing短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞reasons。 [精美譯文]　這本書提供了數(shù)百個(gè)場(chǎng)景的簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話，在這些場(chǎng)景中，“不”是正確的答案，說“不”的原因包括時(shí)間管理、經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力和情感邊界。 9．Thingsthatmayseemordinary，likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag—whentakencollectively，thesechoicesreallydomakeadiffer

42、ence. [句式分析]　本句為并列句，由破折號(hào)連接。破折號(hào)之前的主干為Thingsthatmayseemordinary，like表示“例如”。破折號(hào)后面的主句為thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference,其中makeadifference表示“有重大意義，有重大影響”；whentakencollectively實(shí)際上是狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，構(gòu)成“連詞＋過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 [精美譯文]　看似普通的事情，比如使用可重復(fù)使用的瓶子或可重復(fù)使用的袋子——當(dāng)大家都選擇這樣做時(shí)，那么就會(huì)對(duì)我們的環(huán)境有重大意義。 強(qiáng)化練(十九) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·河南安陽(yáng)

43、二模) Wolvesstrikefearintotheheartsofmanyspecies，humansincluded.Ourfearofthemhasbroughtthemtotheedgeofdyingout，aswehavecruellykilledthemascompetitorsandtrouble-makers.Butresearchersarediscoveringthattheveryfeartheyputintoprey(被捕食者)speciesisexactlywhathelpsmakeecosystems(生態(tài))healthy. YellowstoneNation

44、alParkisatypicalexampleofjusthowwolvescanhelprepairanecosystem.AnOctober2018studyanalyzed40yearsofresearchonlargeanimalsinsidethepark. “Yellowstonehasbenefitedfromthereintroductionofwolvesinwaysthatwedidnotanticipate，especiallythecomplexityofbiologicalinteractions(互動(dòng)) inthepark，”explainedMarkBoyce，

45、aprofessorintheDepartmentofBiologicalSciences.“Wewerereallysurprisedatthatandwe’dneverhaveseentheseresponsesiftheparkhadn’tadoptedecological-processmanagement—allowingnaturalecologicalprocessestotakeplacewithleasthumanintervention.” Afterthewolveswerere-introducedatYellowstone，willowandcottonwoodtr

46、eesincreasedinnumber.Thepopulationofbearsandbisonalsoroseandwhatwasoncearulingdeer-wolfinteractionisnowmorediverse. Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial，ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer，whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydive

47、rseandhealthy.Inthisdocumentary，biologistAaronWirsingexploredwhywolvesandothertoppredators (捕食者) wereneededfordiverseecosystemstodevelop.Usingasimplevideocamera，Wirsingisgainingauniqueviewpointonpredator-preyrelationshipsandchangingthewaywethinkaboutwolves. Theresearchisonemorepieceofevidenceforwhy

48、protectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies，butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.Thefeartheybringalongmaybetheveryanglethathelpssavethemfromdyingout. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，人類以及其他動(dòng)物對(duì)狼的恐懼對(duì)維持健康、平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是有益的，其中黃石公園對(duì)狼的引進(jìn)就是一個(gè)典型的例子。 1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anticipate”in

49、Paragraph3probablymean? A.Expect. B.Understand. C.Notice. D.Accept. 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wewerereallysurprisedatthat”可知，黃石公園從狼群的重新引入中獲益，其方式出乎我們的意料。故選A。 2.Forwhatpurposewasashortdocumentarymade? A.Tointroducehowwolvesbehaveinthewild. B.Toshowhowwolvesbenefitfromecosystems. C.TorecordhowAaron

50、Wirsingobservedwolves. D.Tostudywhatgoodwolvescandotoecosystems. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段首句“Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial，ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer，whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydiverseandhealthy.”可知，拍攝紀(jì)錄片的目的是

51、了解狼是如何對(duì)生態(tài)有益的。故選D。 3.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearch? A.Itproveswolvesfeedonhundredsofspecies. B.Ithelpsprovetheimportanceofprotectingwolves. C.Itshowsthecomplexrelationshipsbetweenspecies. D.Itprovidesevidencethatwolvesareendangeredanimals. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末段第一句“Theresearchisonemorepiece

52、ofevidenceforwhyprotectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies，butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.”可知，這項(xiàng)研究再次證明了為什么保護(hù)這些食肉動(dòng)物不僅對(duì)狼這個(gè)物種很重要，而且對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)層面的物種都很重要。故這項(xiàng)研究的意義在于它有助于證明保護(hù)狼的重要性。故選B。 4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage? A.Thefearofwolvesisbeneficialtoecosystems. B.Thef

53、earofwolvesputsthemindangerofdisappearing. C.YellowstoneNationalParkowesitshealthyecosystemstowolves. D.TheintroductionofwolvesinYellowstoneNationalParkisasuccess. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意題。本文主要講述了人類以及其他動(dòng)物對(duì)狼的恐懼對(duì)維持健康、平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是有益的。故選A。 B Ireadanewspaperarticleaboutanewconcept.Theideaissimple，butrevolutionary

54、(革命性的)：combiningaresidentialhomefortheelderlywithanurseryschoolinthesamebuilding.Thechildrenandtheresidents(住戶)eatlunchtogetherandshareactivitiessuchasmusic，paintingandgardening.Intheafternoons，theresidentsenjoyreadingstoriestothechildrenand，ifachildisfeelingsadortired，thereisalwaysakindlaptositonan

55、dahug. Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyoung.Therearemanyreasonsforthis，includingthebreakdownoftheextendedfamily，workingparentswithnotimetocareforageingrelations，andsmallerflatswithnoroomforgrandparents.Buttheresultisthesame：increasingnumbersofchildrenwithoutgrandparentsandoldpe

56、oplewhohavenocontactwithchildren.It’samajorprobleminmanysocieties. That’swhyinter-generational(代際的) programsaregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.Thereareexamplesofsuccessfulactionsallovertheworld.UsingyoungpeopletoteachITskillstoolderpeopleisoneobviousexample.Usingoldpeopleasvolunteerassistantsins

57、choolsisanother.OnesuccessfulschemeinLondonpairsyoungvolunteerswitholdpeoplewhoarelosingtheirsight.Theyoungpeoplehelpwithpracticalthingssuchaswritingletters，readingbankstatementsandhelpingwithshopping，andtheolderpeoplecanpassontheirknowledgeandexperiencetotheiryoungvisitors.Forexample，aretiredjudgem

58、aybepairedwithateenagerwhowantstostudylaw. Butitisn’tonlytheindividualsconcernedwhogainfrominter-generationalactivities.Theadvantagestosocietyarehugetoo.Ifolderpeoplecanunderstandandaccepttheyouthoftoday，therewillbelessconflictinacommunity.Andwecanusethestrengthsofonegenerationtohelpanother.Thenper

59、hapsgettingoldwon’tbesosadafterall. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文介紹了一種新思維，即在孩子們的生活與老年人的生活之間架起一座橋梁，這樣既解決了老人孤獨(dú)的問題又緩解了孩子們不能被充分照顧的問題，使人們一舉兩得從而滿足各自的需要。 5.Whydoestheauthormentionthenewspaperarticleheread? A.Toargueforanewconcept. B.Toshowhisinterestinthetopic. C.Tointroducethetopicofthetext. D.Todrawourattent

60、iontoasocialproblem. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。分析整篇文章可知，文章是按照“社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)→分析這種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因→代際計(jì)劃成功的實(shí)例→這種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的積極意義”的結(jié)構(gòu)展開的，因此可判斷作者提到他在報(bào)紙上讀到的那篇文章是為了介紹文章的主題，這樣才能引出文章的其他內(nèi)容。故C選項(xiàng)正確。 6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout? A.Thereasonswhyinter-generationalprogramsenjoypopularityintheworld. B.Theinter-generationalprograms’benefit

61、stoindividuals. C.Theinter-generationalprogramsallovertheworld. D.Theexamplesofinter-generationalactivities. 答案　D 解析　段落大意題。通讀第三段內(nèi)容可知，世界各地都有代際計(jì)劃成功的例子。利用年輕人向老年人傳授IT技能就是一個(gè)明顯的例子。在學(xué)校里讓老人做志愿者是另一個(gè)例子。倫敦有一項(xiàng)成功的計(jì)劃，把年輕的志愿者和失明的老年人結(jié)對(duì)。例如，一個(gè)退休的法官可能與一個(gè)想學(xué)習(xí)法律的青少年結(jié)對(duì)。由此可知，該段主要介紹了代際活動(dòng)的例子。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 7.Whatmaybethebestti

62、tleofthetext? A.BuildingBridgesfortheOldandtheYoung B.ANewConceptinCaringfortheOldIsBorn C.OfferingaWarmHomefortheYoung D.BeingOldIsNoMoreSad 答案　A 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了一種新思維，即在孩子們的生活與老年人的生活之間架起一座橋梁，這樣既解決了老人孤獨(dú)的問題又緩解了孩子們不能被充分照顧的問題，使人們一舉兩得從而滿足各自的需要。所以短文是圍繞著“建立老年人和年輕人聯(lián)系的橋梁”展開的。所以A選項(xiàng)“建立老年人和年輕人聯(lián)系的橋梁

63、”為本文最佳標(biāo)題。 C Cortana，Alexa，Siri.Thesearenamesofroboticvoicesthatareoftenprogrammedonelectronictablets.Theyalsobecomedefault(默認(rèn)) identitiesforpeoplewithspeechdisorderswhorelyontechnologytocommunicate.Nowsomespeechscientistsaredevelopingpersonalizedvoicestoreflectthebroaderdiversityofthepeoplewhouset

64、hem.Todoit，theyaretappingintoavastnetworkofvolunteerswhoaredonatingtheirvoicestosharewithpeoplewhocannotspeak. Theefforttobuildaninternational“HumanVoicebank”hasattractedmorethan17,000volunteersfrom110countries，includingPriyankaPandya，a16-year-oldgirlfromColumbia，Md.，whoplanstospendherwintervacatio

65、nrecordingastringofsentencesintohercomputer.“Tobeabletogivesomebodythegiftofvoice，Ithinkthat’sreally，reallypowerful，”shesaid. “Everyonehasavoice，”saidRupalPatel，founderofVocaliD，thecompanythatstartedthevoicebank.“Evenpeoplewhoareunabletospeakhavesoundsthatareuniquetothem.”Hercompanydesignspersonali

66、zedvoicesbyrecordingtheuniquesoundsoftheuser，andthenmixingthemwith6to10hoursofrecordingsfromavoicedonor，matchedbyage，genderandregion.Thecompanyisdevelopingvoicesnowforitsfirst100customers. Also，people’svoicesmaychange.Thecompanyislookingfordonorswhoarewillingtorecordtheirvoices，andthenrecordthemagainafewyearslater，astheygetolder.Butsomeofthefirstcustomerssaytheyarehappywiththeresults. JohnA.GregoirewasoneofthefirstcustomerstoreceiveapersonalizedvoicefromVocaliDlas