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1、2022年高三英語(yǔ) 主謂一致教案 新人教版
高考試題常常會(huì)涉及到“主謂一致”。使用主謂一致時(shí),必須遵循三個(gè)原則,即語(yǔ)法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。下面就常見的主謂一致的用法做簡(jiǎn)單歸納,希望同學(xué)們能從中得到啟發(fā)。
一、當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)合不定代詞、單個(gè)不定式(疑問詞+不定式)、動(dòng)名詞或主語(yǔ)從句以及表示“時(shí)間、價(jià)值、重量、距離、書名、影片名稱”等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如:
The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter.
Visiting a pla
2、ce like this is always very interesting.
Why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists.
二、all(some, a lot, plenty, any, part, the rest, most等)+of+名詞作主語(yǔ)以及分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of后的名詞或代詞。表示復(fù)數(shù)概念用復(fù)數(shù);表示單數(shù)概念用單數(shù)。例如:
As a result of the serious flood,
3、two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.
One study says that 90% of our time is spent watching television or using puters.
While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her.
三、在“名詞/代詞+介賓結(jié)構(gòu)+謂語(yǔ)+…”結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與名詞/代詞保持一致,介賓結(jié)構(gòu)看作插入成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的常見介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)有with,
4、 together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, including等。例如:
Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way to bee fit.
Nobody but Tom and his father has ever been there.
四、a number of / a group of / a variety of / a total of 等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而the num
5、ber of / the group of / the variety of / the total of 等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:
The low number of attacks that happen every year proves that sharks do not feed on humans if they have the choice.
Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, work in the clothing industry.
6、
五、quality / pair / amount等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)quality / pair / amount的單復(fù)數(shù)確定。例如:
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land.
六、and連接并列主語(yǔ)表示同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;表示不
7、同概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;此外,and連接并列名詞時(shí),如果名詞前有no / each / every / many a等修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如:
—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area was invited.
Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where hasn’t been decided yet.
七、當(dāng)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的名詞或短
8、語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)以及表示總稱意義“形單意復(fù)”的名詞(如cattle / police / people等)和常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(clothes / goods / shoes等)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets.
八、one of+名詞+關(guān)系代詞+謂語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);the (only) one of +名詞+關(guān)系代詞+謂語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:
He is the only one of the students who has been a
9、winner of scholarship for three years.
[比較] Our English teacher was one of the top teachers who were praised by the headmaster.
九、主謂一致的其它考點(diǎn):
1. either…or…;neither…nor…;not only…but also…;not…but…等連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要就近選擇。如:Either you or Jim goes there.
2. there be結(jié)構(gòu)中,be動(dòng)詞后面有幾個(gè)名詞時(shí),be動(dòng)詞跟最近的名詞保持一致。如:There
10、is one table and two desks in the room.
3. 某些單詞所表示的概念是由兩部分組成的,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);但如果與量詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)則取決于量詞。如:The trousers are too long. That pair of trousers is too long.
4. 表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);但如果表示孤立的山則用單數(shù)。如:Mount Tai is great.
5. 定冠詞與形容詞連用,用來表示一類人或物,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
The young are p
11、lanting trees.
6. population構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);但被百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)等數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
The population of our town is bigger than that of their town, but most of the population in our town are farmers.
7. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);one or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);many a(n)+單數(shù)名詞及more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用
12、單數(shù)。而more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than+one作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Nowadays many a person wants to go abroad.
One and a half apples has been eaten by the boy.
8. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)表示整體概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);表示成員概念謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的集合名詞有family / government / public / audience等。如:
My family is a big family.
My family are fond of pop music.
9. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常根據(jù)句意來確定。常見的這類詞有deer / fish / means / sheep / series等。如:
The quickest means of traveling is by air.
There are various means of municating with a stranger.