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1、 定語(yǔ)從句講與練 一、 定語(yǔ)的概念： 定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的。 我們先試試用橫線劃出下面短語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)，再在后面的括號(hào)里注明是什么在作定語(yǔ) a beautiful girl （ ） three boys （ ） a shoe factory （ ） Jim’s father ( )

2、 our teacher ( ) the man in the car （ ） the man standing at the door （ ） the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定語(yǔ)從句的概念 1． 定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。 2． 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后。 3． 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞, 代替先行詞。 請(qǐng)劃出下列句子中的定語(yǔ)從句、先行詞及關(guān)系詞：

3、The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 定語(yǔ)從句的主要特征： （1） 關(guān)系詞要在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分； （2）what永遠(yuǎn)不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句； （3）翻譯時(shí)先譯從句，翻譯成“…….的” 三、定語(yǔ)從句的基本用法： 定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 關(guān)系代詞（6） 關(guān)系副詞（3） （一） 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1．who 指______，在定語(yǔ)從句中作____語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也作____語(yǔ)(可省略)。 The boys who are playing fo

4、otball are from Class One. 分析：先行詞:__________; 關(guān)系代詞:______在從句中作_____語(yǔ), who不能_________。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 分析：先行詞:__________; 關(guān)系代詞:______在從句中作_____語(yǔ), who不能_________。 Mr smith who you met yester

5、day is my friend. 分析：先行詞:__________; 關(guān)系代詞:______在從句中作_____語(yǔ), who可以_________。 You needn’t talk to the people who you don’t like talking to. 分析：先行詞:__________; 關(guān)系代詞:______在從句中作_____語(yǔ), who可以_________。 2．whom 指____，在定語(yǔ)從句中做___語(yǔ)，?？墒÷?。 Mr Liu is the person (

6、whom ) you talked about on the bus. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系代詞:______在從句中作_____語(yǔ), 可以_________。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系代詞:______在從句中作_____語(yǔ), 可以_________。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

7、 3. whose 通常指_____，也可指_____，在定語(yǔ)從句中做______語(yǔ)。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系代詞:_________在從句中作_____語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于_____________. I lost the book whose cover was blue. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系代詞:_________在從句中作____

8、_語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于_____________. 注意： 常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. ＝ The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? ＝ Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

9、 自己總結(jié)一下：在定語(yǔ)從句中，whose + 名詞＝ ___________________________ 4．which 指______，在定語(yǔ)從句中做_____語(yǔ)或______語(yǔ)，做_______語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴? Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系代詞:______在從句中作_____語(yǔ), _______省略。 The factory which makes computers is far away from

10、 here. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系代詞:______在從句中作_____語(yǔ), _______省略。 This is the pen which he bought yesterday. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系代詞:______在從句中作_____語(yǔ), _______省略。 The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 分析：先行詞:_____________;

11、關(guān)系代詞:______在從句中作_____語(yǔ), _______省略。 5．that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既可以指____，也可以指____。指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時(shí)，相 當(dāng)于which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作____語(yǔ)或_____語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系代詞:______在從句中作_____語(yǔ), _______省略。

12、 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系代詞:______在從句中作_____語(yǔ), _______省略。 練習(xí)： The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind. The season that / comes after spring is summer. (二) 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1．

13、when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作_______________。?？梢杂胕n/on/at which代替。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系副詞:______在從句中作________語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于_______________. The time when we got together finally arrived. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系副詞:______在

14、從句中作________語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于_______________. October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：1.___________________________________________ 2.___________________________________________ Do you remember the years

15、when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：1.___________________________________________ 2.___________________________________________ 2．where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作__________。常可用in/on/at which代替。 Lanzhou is the city where I was

16、 born. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系副詞:______在從句中作________語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于_______________. 把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：1.___________________________________________ 2.___________________________________________ The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

17、 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系副詞:______在從句中作________語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于_______________. 把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：1.___________________________________________ 2.___________________________________________ 注意： 當(dāng)先行詞是stage, situation, occasion, point時(shí)，且又在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

18、Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed（尷尬）. He has reached a point where nobody can compare with him. 3. why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作____________。?？捎胒or which來(lái)代替。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系副詞:______在從句

19、中作________語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于_______________. 把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：1.___________________________________________ 2.___________________________________________ The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 分析：先行詞:_____________; 關(guān)系副詞:______在從句中作________語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于_______________

20、. 把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：1.___________________________________________ 2.___________________________________________ 總結(jié)：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如： I will never forget the moment when (=______________) the blind students moved us.

21、 Great changes are taking place in the city where (=______________) they live. The reason why (=______________) he refused the invitation is quite clear. 四、 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例： The teacher told me Tom was the only person that

22、 I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例 ： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings

23、are held every year. 注意1： 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)which所指代的先行詞是前面的整個(gè)句子。 Xiao Li came to see me off, which was very kind of her. He didn’t pass the exam, which surprised us. 注意2：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不可用that， 指人時(shí)用who(主語(yǔ)),whom(賓語(yǔ)且不省)，指物時(shí)須用which. 注意3：as 與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 The earth is round,

24、 which is known to everyone. 譯：____________________________________ The earth is round, as is known to everyone. 譯：____________________________________ 總結(jié)：1. 意義不同_____________________________________________ 2. Which引導(dǎo)的非限定從句只能放在主句后，而as引導(dǎo)的非限定從句_____________________ 五． 定語(yǔ)從句考查重點(diǎn)：

25、 （一）先行詞是物時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句在下列情況下只能用that，而不能用which。 Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. There is little that I can do for you. He stayed in the library and l

26、ooked up any information that they needed. 總結(jié)：1. 當(dāng)先行詞是__________詞everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, some,much等代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時(shí)。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. The first place that th

27、ey visited in London was the Big Ben. 總結(jié)：2. 當(dāng)先行詞被______________________________________________修飾時(shí)。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 總結(jié)：3. 當(dāng)先行詞被the same, the last____________________________

28、________修飾時(shí)。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 總結(jié)：4. 當(dāng)先行詞既有______又有______時(shí)。 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me m

29、ost? 口訣記憶法：____________ ,_______________. 總結(jié)：在who,或which引導(dǎo)的__________問(wèn)中。 思考：什么時(shí)候只能which 而不能用that呢？ 1.在________________中 2.在____________之后。 （二）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very f

30、amous. ＝The school ______________ he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. ＝This is the boy________________I played tennis yesterday. We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about. ＝We’ll

31、 go to hear the famous singer __________________we have often talked. The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. ＝The manager ________________ I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 注意： １． 含有介詞的固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面

32、。 如：look for, look after, take care of, give up等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (誤) The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. ( ) The babies after whom the nurse is

33、 looking are very healthy. （ ） ２．若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，指人時(shí)只可用whom；指物時(shí)只可用which. The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (誤) The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ( ) The plane in t

34、hat we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ( ) ３．有時(shí)介詞前有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等詞。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are for

35、ty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. （四） 當(dāng)先行詞被one of 和the only one of修飾時(shí)的區(qū)別 He is one of the students who ________ never late. 譯：________________________

36、 He is the only one of the students who ________ never late. 譯：_________________ （五） 當(dāng)先行詞是when, where, why時(shí)的正確使用。 I will never forget the days ______________________ we climbed the mountain together. I will never forget the days ______________________ we spent together.

37、 We visited the house _______________________ Lu Xun used to live. We visited the house ______________________ Lu Xun used to live in. This is the reason ______ ______________ he was unhappy. This is the reason _____________________ he explained to me. （六） 當(dāng)先

38、行詞被such, the same 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。 I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)象他講的這樣的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。 注意區(qū)別： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

39、她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過(guò)的同一條連衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的連衣裙。 （七） 當(dāng)先行詞為the way時(shí)，通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，也可省略。 The way __________________________he answered the questions was surprising. I don’t like the way__________________________ you laugh at her.

40、 提升練習(xí)： 1.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_____________ urgently needed clean water. A．which　　　B．Who C．where D．what 2．It is the third time that she has won the race,_____________ has surprised us all. A．That B．Where C．which D．what 3. The prize wil

41、l go to the writer_____________ story shows the most imagination. A．That B．Which C．whose D．what 4. By 16：30,_____________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A．Which B．When C．what D．that 5. We live in an age_____________ more information is avail

42、able to everyone.. A．Why B．When C．to whom D．on which 6. Sales director is a position_____________ communication ability is just as important as sales. A．Which B．That C．when D．where 7．(2012·山東高考)Maria has written two novels, both of_________ have been made into television ser

43、ies. A．Them B．That C．which D．what 8．(2012·四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,_____________ half wear glasses. A．in whom B．in them C．of whom D．of them 9. (2012·天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without______ help I would never have got this far. A．Who B．Whose C．

44、whom D．which 10．The employment of college students，_____________is clearly shown in the study, has improved over the past two years. A．This B．it C．a(chǎn)s D．what 11.The film Jane Eyre，_______ Jane was a strong character, was adapted from the novel of the same title. A．Where B．Which

45、 C．who D．a(chǎn)s 12.—We choose this country and want to work here. —So we have to deal with any situation_____________we meet in the country. A．Who B．That C．where D．if 13. There was a tree in front of the house，______ owner was seen sitting under it.. A．Where B．Whose C．which D．that

46、 14. The old lady, all of__children had been killed in the earthquake, was given help by the local government. A．Her B．Whom C．whose D．which 15.I like my English teacher because he can always create an atmosphere_________ all the students feel relaxed.. A．That B．When C．where D．which