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1、Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking 基礎(chǔ)知識 預(yù)習(xí)自檢 WHAT'S IN A NAME? 名字里有什么？ 聯(lián)合王國、大不列顛、不列顛、英格蘭——許多人對這些不同的名字的含義感到困惑。所以這些名字的不同點(diǎn)是什么，如果有的話？了解一些關(guān)于英國的歷史會幫助你解開疑惑。 在16世紀(jì)，臨近的威爾士加入了英格蘭王國。之后，在18世紀(jì)，蘇格蘭的加入創(chuàng)建了大不列顛聯(lián)合王國。在19世紀(jì)，愛爾蘭王國的加入創(chuàng)建了大不列顛和愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。最后，在20世紀(jì)，南愛爾蘭脫離英國，因此才有了今天英國的名字：大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。大多數(shù)人只用簡稱：“the Uni

2、ted Kingdom”或者“the UK”。來自于聯(lián)合王國的人被叫做“英國人”，這意味著聯(lián)合王國也經(jīng)常被稱為不列顛或者大不列顛。 英國所屬的四個(gè)國家在一些領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了合作。除了擁有同樣的貨幣和軍事防御，他們也使用同樣的國旗，亦稱為米字旗。然而，他們也有不同之處。例如，英格蘭，威爾士，蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭都有不同的教育體系和司法體系。他們擁有自己的傳統(tǒng)，比如他們自己的國慶節(jié)和國菜。他們甚至用各自的足球隊(duì)來參加比賽，比如世界杯！ 英國有悠久而富有趣味的歷史去讓人探尋，這可以幫助你更加了解這個(gè)國家及其傳統(tǒng)。在英國無論你去哪里，你都會感受到四個(gè)不同的群體曾經(jīng)存在的證據(jù)，他們在不同的歷史

3、時(shí)期接管了這個(gè)國家。第一個(gè)群體是羅馬，出現(xiàn)在1世紀(jì)。他們的偉大成就包括建立城鎮(zhèn)和馬路。接下來，盎格魯撒克遜人在5世紀(jì)來到英國。他們引進(jìn)了最初的英語語言并且改變了房屋建造方式。維京人出現(xiàn)在8世紀(jì)，留下了很多新詞匯，以及英國許多地方的名字。最后出現(xiàn)的是諾曼底人。11世紀(jì)，他們在著名的黑斯廷戰(zhàn)役后征服了英格蘭。他們在英格蘭到處建造城堡，并且更改了法律體系。諾曼底人是法國人，所以很多法語詞匯慢慢進(jìn)入了英語語言中。 有很多關(guān)于英國的有趣的歷史和文化可以去了解。學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)國家的歷史會讓你的旅行更加愉快。首都倫敦是一個(gè)很好的起點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)古老的港口城市，它的歷史可以追溯到羅馬時(shí)代。那里有數(shù)不清

4、的歷史古跡可以去探訪，還有很多博物館，里面有來自于英國各地的古代文物。英國完美地結(jié)合了歷史和現(xiàn)代文化，新舊傳統(tǒng)共存。如果你留心觀察，你會驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以同時(shí)看到它的過去和現(xiàn)在。 重點(diǎn)知識 合作探究 1 chief adj. 最重要的；最高級別的　n. (公司或機(jī)構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)；酋長(教材P40) 歸納 拓展 chief engineer/judge 總工程師/審判長 Chief Executive Officer 首席執(zhí)行官 Chief Financial Officer 首席財(cái)務(wù)官 ①Students are the chief parts of evaluation on

5、 teaching effect. 學(xué)生是教學(xué)效果評價(jià)的最重要的主體。 ②Chief Buthelezi was a brave Indian chief. 布特萊齊酋長是一位勇敢的印第安酋長。 單句寫作 ①天氣是我們來這里的主要原因。 The weather was our ________________ for coming here. ②他們邀請了當(dāng)?shù)氐挠〉诎踩耸最I(lǐng)和90名印第安人。 They invited the local ________________ and 90 Indians. 答案：①chief reason?、贗ndian chief

6、2 Finally, in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which_resulted_in_the_full_name_we_have_today:_the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (教材P40) 最后，在20世紀(jì)，南愛爾蘭脫離英國，因此才有了今天英國的名字：大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。 剖析 句中which resulted in the full name we have today是w

7、hich 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which意為“這一點(diǎn)；這件事”，非限制定語從句中又含有一個(gè)省略了關(guān)系詞that的限制性定語從句。 歸納 拓展 as/which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句 (1)as與 which都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換，先行詞可以是一個(gè)句子。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置靈活，可以位于句首、句中、句末。 which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句常位于句末。 (2)as具有“正如，像”等含義，而 which意為“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”。 ①Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen. 因

8、特網(wǎng)是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能發(fā)生。 ②As we know, the teacher is from Beijing. 正如我們所知，這位教師來自北京。 (1)單句語法填空 ①The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. ②China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to

9、 learn about China. 答案：①as?、趙hich (2)單句寫作 ①正如上面提到的，中國是個(gè)美麗的國家。 ____________________________， China is a beautiful country. ②這本小說很感人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。 This novel, ____________________________， is very touching. 答案：①As is mentioned above?、趙hich I have read three times 3 break away (from sb./sth.) 脫離；背叛

10、；逃脫(教材P40) 歸納 拓展 break down (機(jī)器等)出故障，損壞；分解；崩潰；情緒失控 break in 闖入，破門而入；打斷，插嘴 break into 破門而入；闖入 break off 折斷；中斷 break out (戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā) break up 分解；打碎；破裂，分手 ①The robber broke_away_from the prison. 搶劫犯從監(jiān)獄逃脫了。 ②He broke_off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句話說了一半就不說了。 (1)單句語法填空 ①Burglars

11、had broken ________ while we were away. ②It was the fact that his car broke ________ on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting. ③The fire broke ________ during the day, and therefore almost no one was injured. ④I'm surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken ________. 答案：①

12、in?、赿own?、踥ut　④up (2)單句寫作 那個(gè)男孩掙脫了他媽媽，跑掉了。 The boy ________________ his mother and ran away. 答案：broke away from 4 belong vi. 應(yīng)在(某處)；適應(yīng)(教材P40) 歸納 拓展 (1)belong to “屬于”，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。 belong to a club/group/organization是俱樂部/團(tuán)體/組織的成員 (2)belongings n. 財(cái)產(chǎn)，所有物 ①(2019·浙江高考)The students feel that

13、they belong_to a particular group. 學(xué)生們感覺他們屬于某一特定群體。 ②(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Paper－cutting has a history of over 1,500 years, which belongs_to traditional art in China. 剪紙有1,500多年的歷史，屬于中國傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)。 ③She packed a few of her belongings in a bag and left. 她把她的幾件東西裝進(jìn)包里便離開了。 (1)單句語法填空 ①The house had belonged ____

14、____ her family for three or four generations. ②Many of her personal ________ (belong) had been stolen. 答案：①to?、赽elongings (2)單句寫作 我過去是一個(gè)青年俱樂部的成員。 I used to ____________ a youth club. 答案：belong to 5 as well as 同(一樣也)；和；還(教材P40) 歸納 拓展 (1)A as well as B作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)隨A的人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化。 (2)as we

15、ll as可以用來連接兩個(gè)相同的成分，強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)在前面，不在后面。 (3)may/might as well 最好……；還是……為好；不妨 ①(2019·天津高考)Amy, as_well_as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 艾米，還有她的哥哥們，上周回到村子的時(shí)候受到了熱烈歡迎。 ②The weather is so bad that we might_as_well stay at home. 天氣太糟了，我們最好待在家里。 (1)單句語法填空

16、 ①They visited some factories, hospitals as ________ as the school. ②The movie star as well as a lot of fans ________ (be)photographed a lot by TV stations and newspapers. 答案：①well?、趙as (2)單句寫作 我們不僅可以了解其他國家的歷史和文化，而且還可以更多地了解偉人的生活。 We can learn more about the life of great people _______________

17、_ history and cultures of other countries. 答案：as well as 6 defence n. 防御；保衛(wèi)(教材P40) 歸納 拓展 (1)defence against sth. 防御物；防務(wù)；防御能力 in defence of 保護(hù)……；為……辯護(hù) (2)defend v. 防御；保護(hù)；保衛(wèi) defend ... against/from ... 保護(hù)……免受……傷害 ①The immune system is our main defence_against disease. 免疫系統(tǒng)是我們抵御疾病的主要屏障。 ②Mr

18、 Green stood up in_defence_of the little boy. 格林先生站起來為這個(gè)小男孩辯護(hù)。 ③Our forefathers built this wall to defend_themselves_from invasion. 我們的祖先修筑這道城墻是為了保護(hù)他們不受侵略。 (1)單句語法填空 ①In addition, firewalls are no defence ________ internal hackers. ②Strength lies not in ________ (defend) but in attack. 答案：

19、①against?、赿efence (2)單句寫作 進(jìn)攻是最好的防御。 Offense is ________________. 答案：the best defence 7 legal adj. 法律的；合法的(教材P40) 歸納 拓展 (1)legal action 法律行動 legal advice 法律咨詢/建議 legal battle 官司；法律糾紛 legal defence 法律辯護(hù) legal department 法務(wù)部 legal documents 法律文件 legal expert 法律專家 legal guardian 法定監(jiān)護(hù)人 (

20、2)illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的；違法的 (3)legally adv. 合法地；法定地 ①Gambling is legal in some countries. 在某些國家里賭博是合法的。 ②It's illegal to drive through a red light. 開車闖紅燈是違章行為。 ③The school is legally responsible for your child's safety. 學(xué)校對你的孩子負(fù)有法律上的安全責(zé)任。 (1)單句語法填空 ①The land belongs ________ (legal) to t

21、he government. ②It is ________ (legal)and could endanger other people's lives. 答案：①legally　②illegal (2)單句寫作 這場官司延續(xù)了幾年，最后在法庭外和解。 This ________________ continued for years before being settled out of court. 答案：legal battle 8 surround vt. 圍繞；包圍(教材P40) 歸納 拓展 (1)surround ... with ... 以……包圍……

22、be surrounded by/with 被……包圍 (2)surrounding adj. 周圍的 (3)surroundings n. 環(huán)境；周圍的事物 ①The building was surrounded_with police. 那棟房子被警察包圍了。 ②To some people, happiness is_being_surrounded_by/with family and friends. 對于有些人來說，幸福就是被家人和朋友包圍著。 ③He likes to surround_himself_with amusing people. 他喜歡讓自己的身邊

23、都是有趣的人。 ④Living in beautiful and comfortable surroundings,_we feel very happy. 生活在優(yōu)美舒適的環(huán)境里，我們感到很幸福。 (1)單句語法填空 ①________ (surround) by the sea on three sides, modern Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China. ②The ________ (surround) villages have been absorbed by the growi

24、ng city. ③I need to work in pleasant ________ (surround)． 答案：①Surrounded?、趕urrounding　③surroundings (2)單句寫作 遠(yuǎn)處那棟被許多大樹環(huán)繞的高樓是我爸爸公司的所在地。 The tall building ________________ many big trees in the distance is where my father's company is located. 答案：surrounded by 9 evidence n. 證據(jù)；證明(教材P40) 歸納 拓展

25、 (1)There is some evidence that ... 有證據(jù)證明…… (2)evident adj. 明顯的 It is evident that ... 很明顯…… (3)evidently adv. 明顯地，顯然 ①There_is_a_lot_of_evidence_that stress is partly responsible for disease. 有很多證據(jù)證明壓力是致病的部分原因。 ②It_was_evident_that she had once been a beauty. 很明顯她曾是個(gè)美人。 ③Evidently,_he has

26、 not made up his mind yet. 顯然他還沒有拿定主意。 (1)單句語法填空 ①There is no evidence ________ the meeting actually took place. ②________ (evidence), the Spanish team is likely to win the World Cup. 答案：①that　②Evidently (2)單句寫作 很明顯他是有罪的。 ________________ that he is guilty. 答案：It is evident 10 They had

27、_castles_built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. (教材P41) 他們在英格蘭到處建造城堡，并且更改了法律體系。 剖析 句中had castles built 為have sth.＋done結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語castles與build之間為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞built作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 歸納 拓展 在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，have為使役動詞，意為“使，讓”，可表示三種含義 (1)(主語)請/派別人完成某事。 (2)(主語)完成某事(可能參與，也可能不參與)。 (3)(主語)遭受某種不幸的情況。 ①I

28、 had_that_door_painted last week. 上星期我請人給那扇門刷了油漆。 ②We must have_the_work_finished by Tuesday. 我們必須在星期二之前完成此項(xiàng)工作。 ③I had_my_leg_broken when I got off the bus. 下車時(shí)我的一條腿摔斷了。 [易混辨析：have(使，讓)構(gòu)成的其他常見結(jié)構(gòu)] have sb. do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事”。賓語sb.與do構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。相當(dāng)于let/make sb. do或 get sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。 Joe h

29、ad me find a car for him. 喬讓我給他找輛車。 have sb.doing sth. 意為“讓某人一直做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作一直在持續(xù)。賓語sb.與do構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 I'm sorry to have you waiting here so long. 很抱歉讓你在這兒等這么久。 (1)單句語法填空 ①The director had her assistant ________ (pick)up some documents for the meeting. ②The teacher had him ________ (stand) for

30、a long time outside to punish him for his being late again. ③After the farewell (歡送) party, we had a photo ________ (take) to record this precious moment. 答案：①pick?、趕tanding?、踭aken (2)單句寫作 昨天晚上，我的手表被偷了。 I had ________________ last night. 答案：my watch stolen 11 fascinating adj. 極有吸引力的；迷人的(教材P4

31、1) 歸納 拓展 (1)fascinate v. 深深吸引；迷住 (2)fascinated adj. 入迷的；極感興趣的 ①M(fèi)adagascar is the most fascinating place I have ever been to. 馬達(dá)加斯加是我去過的最迷人的地方。 ②It was a question that had_fascinated him since he was a boy. 這是他自幼就著迷的問題。 ③I'm fascinated by the beauty of Lijiang and Dali. 我被麗江和大理的美景迷住了。 (1

32、)單句語法填空 ①He told some ________ (fascinate) tales about his life in India. ②This child was ________ (fascinate) by the plots in the novel. 答案：①fascinating　②fascinated (2)單句寫作 我父親是個(gè)醫(yī)生。我對醫(yī)學(xué)很著迷。 My father is a doctor and I ________________ medicaine. 答案：am fascinated by 12 keep your eyes open

33、(for) 留心；留意(教材P41) 歸納 拓展 keep的常見短語 keep back 阻止；隱瞞；抑制 keep away (from) 避開，遠(yuǎn)離 keep ... in mind 記住 keep in touch with sb. 與某人保持聯(lián)系 keep off 不接近；遠(yuǎn)離 keep on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事 keep up 繼續(xù)，使維持較高水平 keep up with 跟上；與……保持聯(lián)系 ①Keep_your_eyes_open_for a boy in a red cap and sweater. 你要留心注意一個(gè)戴紅帽子，穿紅運(yùn)動

34、衫的小男孩。 ②She shook her head and started to walk on. He kept_up_with her. 她搖了搖頭開始往前走。他跟了上去。 ③The local police had warned visitors to keep_off the beach at night. 當(dāng)?shù)鼐礁嬲]游客不要在夜間去海灘。 ④If you don't keep_away_from the dog, you may be bitten. 如果你不避開那只狗，你可能會被咬傷。 單句語法填空 ①When shopping, keep your eye

35、s ________ for those energy－saving machines. ②She was unable to keep ________ her tears, and wept freely. ③We must keep in ________ that we are not children any more, and we should be independent. 答案：①open　②back?、踡ind 學(xué)習(xí)效果 隨堂演練 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)A row of reflective boards on a ________ (附近的

36、) mountainside were put to use. 答案：nearby 2．The ________ (王國) is divided into four parts. 答案：kingdom 3．China is a developing country that ________ (屬于) to the third world. 答案：belongs 4．The students who went camping had a hard ________ (軍事的) life. 答案：military 5．The following table shows t

37、he ________ (位置) and name of this file. 答案：location 6．Port－Louis is an attractive little fishing ________ (港口)． 答案：port 7．He had the good fortune to marry his daughter to the local ________ (首領(lǐng))． 答案：chief 8．This great ________ (戰(zhàn)役) was vividly recorded in the documentary film. 答案：battle 9．S

38、he was the only woman in the big company's ________ (法律的) department. 答案：legal 10．________ (圍繞) yourself with people who have realistic goals and want to achieve something in life. 答案：Surround Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．This fort was once the main ________ (defend) of the island. 答案：defence 2．Gary found he

39、r reaction ________ (puzzle)． 答案：puzzling 3．The team members were greeted like ________ (conquer) heroes. 答案：conquering 4．It was a remarkable ________ (achieve) for such a young player. 答案：achievement 5．I still find this story both ________ (fascinate) and unbelievable. 答案：fascinating Ⅲ.單句寫作

40、 1．一條堤道將這座島嶼與大陸相連。 The island is __________ the mainland by a causeway. 答案：joined to 2．除了擺脫那個(gè)非法組織，你別無選擇。 You have no choice but to ________________ the illegal organization. 答案：break away from 3．這棟大樓新添了一座配樓。 A new wing was ________________ the building. 答案：added to 4．老人同兒童一樣喜歡這部電影。 Th

41、e old people ____________ the children like this film. 答案：as well as 5．這就是為什么我們要時(shí)刻關(guān)注新的機(jī)遇。 That's why we have to ________________________ new opportunities. 答案：keep our eyes open for 課后課時(shí)作業(yè)(一) Ⅰ　完形填空 Britain and Ireland The British Isles is made up of two large islands：One is called Ireland

42、 and the other __1__. Britain, or Great Britain, is the larger of these two islands, and it is __2__ into three parts：Scotland, Wales and England. The United Kingdom is that __3__ of the British Isles ruled over by the Queen. It is made up of Scotland, Wales and England, that is, the __4__ of Bri

43、tain, and also about one sixth of Ireland, the Northern part. The __5__ of Ireland is self－governing. The __6__ name of the United Kingdom is __7__ “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\”. __8__ is larger and richer than Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and has the largest

44、 __9__ of the United Kingdom, so people often use the __10__ “England\” and “English\” when they __11__ “Britain\” and “British\”. This sometimes makes the Scots and the Welsh a little __12__. The Scots in particular are very __13__ of their separate nationality. The Welsh too do not regard __14__ a

45、s English, and have a culture and even a __15__ of their own. Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801, but for forty years the “Irish __16__\” was the greatest headache of the United Kingdom. __17__， Ireland is divided into two: Northern Ireland still __18__ to the United Kingdom, and in

46、 1922 the rest of Ireland __19__ to found an Irish Free State, later called Eire and now the Republic of Ireland. The Republic of Ireland does not regard itself as part of Britain, and is not now even a supporter of the Commonwealth of Nations (英聯(lián)邦). Unlike the major Commonwealth countries it did

47、not lift a finger to __20__ British in the Second World War and now wants the whole of Ireland to be a republic. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了英國的四個(gè)組成部分英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭的各自情況。 1．A.Wales B．Britain C．England D．Scotland 答案：B　不列顛群島由兩個(gè)大島組成：一個(gè)叫愛爾蘭島，另一個(gè)叫不列顛島(Britain)，且第1空下一句也是提示。故選B。 2．A.divided B．cut C．brok

48、en D．separated 答案：A　大不列顛島被分成三個(gè)部分，divided “劃分”，指把一個(gè)整體分成若干部分，其后常接介詞into；be divided into “被劃分成若干部分”，故選A。 3．A.piece B．island C．country D．part 答案：D　The United Kingdom是大不列顛群島上由女王所統(tǒng)治的那部分(part)，故選D。 4．A.south B．north C．part D．whole 答案：D　英國包括大不列顛島全部(whole)和大約1/6的愛爾蘭，故選D。 5．A.smaller B．larg

49、er C．rest D．island 答案：C　大約1/6的愛爾蘭屬于英國，其余部分(rest)自治，故選C。 6．A.correct B．true C．full D．complete 答案：C　英國的全稱(full name)是大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國，故選C。 7．A.also B．therefore C．likely D．perhaps 答案：B　英國包括大不列顛和北愛爾蘭，因此(therefore)它的全稱是大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國，故選B。 8．A.The UK B．The British isles C．Great Britain

50、 D．England 答案：D　英國包括四個(gè)部分，其中英格蘭(England)比其他三個(gè)部分面積大且富有，故選D。 9．A.colleges B．officials C．cities D．population 答案：D　英格蘭是英聯(lián)邦中最大、最富有、人口(population)最多的地方，故選D。 10．A.words B．names C．spellings D．pronunciations 答案：A　因?yàn)橛⒏裉m是英聯(lián)邦中最大、最富有、人口最多的地方，人們常常用詞語(words)“England/English”稱呼“Britain” and “British”，

51、故選A。 11．A.call B．forget C．speak D．write 答案：A　人們常常用詞語“England/English”稱呼(call) “Britain” and “British”。故選A。 12．A.angry B．difficult C．tired D．lonely 答案：A　蘇格蘭和威爾士人不愿意被稱之為“England/English”，所以他們對此很生氣(angry)，故選A。 13．A.proud B．fond C．full D．kind 答案：A　根據(jù)語境可知，蘇格蘭人對自己的民族很自豪(proud)，故選A。 14

52、．A.it B．Wales C．them D．themselves 答案：D　本句主語the Welsh指代威爾士人，是復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以選擇復(fù)數(shù)反身代詞指代主語，故選D。 15．A.capital B．language C．history D．programs 答案：B　威爾士人有自己的語言(language)，A、C、D三項(xiàng)都不符合事實(shí)或語境，故選B。 16．A.Country B．Question C．Disease D．Republic 答案：B　40年來愛爾蘭問題(Question)一直是英國頭疼的問題，故選B。 17．A.At last B

53、．So C．Meanwhile D．Also 答案：A　根據(jù)常識可知，愛爾蘭人經(jīng)過長期的斗爭之后，最終(at last)分成兩個(gè)部分，故選A。 18．A.returns B．belongs C．gets D．speaks 答案：B　北愛爾蘭仍然屬于(belongs to)英國，故選B。 19．A.hoped B．refused C．broke away D．used 答案：C　1922年愛爾蘭其余的部分脫離(broke away)英聯(lián)邦建立了現(xiàn)在的愛爾蘭共和國，故選C。 20．A.feel B．touch C．fight D．help 答案：D

54、　根據(jù)本段第一句中的“and is not now even a supporter of the Commonwealth of Nations (英聯(lián)邦)”可推知，在二戰(zhàn)期間愛爾蘭沒有抬起一根手指頭幫助(help)英國，故選D。 Ⅱ　閱讀理解 Did anyone find the names of “the British Isles”， “Great Britain”， “the United Kingdom”， “England”and “the British Commonwealth” which have the same meaning？Strictly speaking

55、, these names all refer to something different. None of them are exactly the same as any of the others. The British Isles refer to the main islands and several thousand small ones as well, which you can see on the map. Great Britain, or Britain, refers to the larger of the two main islands. But

56、the word “Britain” is often used as a short form for the United Kingdom or you call it the UK. Now as for England, it refers simply to the largest of the three countries on the island of Great Britain.The United Kingdom is the name of the state and the official name of the country, which many peop

57、le popularly refer to England. Finally, the British Commonwealth is the usual name for what is left of the British Empire. This change shows the weakening of British Empire and the rising of the national liberation movements throughout the world today. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了英國的不同的名字，和它們具體所指的地方。雖然這些名

58、字可以被用來代表這個(gè)國家，但是含義還是有差別的。 1．According to the passage, we know that ________. A．Great Britain has the same meaning as Britain B．the United Kingdom has the same meaning as Britain or England C．a(chǎn)ll the names in the first paragraph have the same meaning D．a(chǎn)ll the names refer to England 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根

59、據(jù)第二段第二句“Great Britain or Britain, refers to the larger of the two main islands.”可知Great Britain 和Britain意思相同，故選A。 2．It is clear that the British Isles refer to ________. A．Britain, England and the UK B．the two main islands and thousands of small ones C．three countries and several islands D．Grea

60、t Britain or the United Kingdom 答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“The British Isles refer to the main islands and several thousand small ones as well”可知British Isles是指兩個(gè)主島和幾千個(gè)小島，故選 B。 3．If you want to write to someone in Edinburgh that lies in Scotland, you should write the address as ________. A．Edinburgh,

61、England B．Edinburgh, Scotland, Great Britain C．Scotland, Edinburgh, England D．Great Britain, Scotland, Edinburgh 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知，Great Britain是整個(gè)大不列顛島，Scotland是大不列顛島的一部分，Edinburgh是蘇格蘭的一個(gè)城市；所以依據(jù)寫信的地址格式，小的地址在前面，可知地址應(yīng)該寫成Edinburgh，Scotland，Great Britain，故選B。 4．We can learn from the last paragr

62、aph that ________. A．the UK is not as powerful as it was in the past B．the British Commonwealth is another name of the UK C．England is the largest country in the British Commonwealth D．no other country is left in the British Commonwealth except Britain 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“This change shows

63、the weakening of British Empire”可知英國不再像過去那樣強(qiáng)大了。故選A。 empire n. 帝國 1．a(chǎn)s for 關(guān)于，至于 2．national liberation movement 民族解放運(yùn)動 Ⅲ　語法填空 The first UN Chinese Language Day at the United Nations __1__ (observe) on Friday at UN Headquarters in New York in 2010. __2__ the world's most widely spoken l

64、anguage，it seems appropriate that Mandarin (普通話) has one day every year dedicated (把……專用于)to it. This __3__ (official) marked day of Mandarin language celebration was set by the United Nations as a way of __4__ (celebrate) the language's history and contributions to the world. __5__ is hoped that ha

65、ving one day every year to celebrate Mandarin will encourage more people around the world to take it up.With China likely to become the __6__ (large) economy in the world，it is important that the wider world becomes interestingly more perfect in this wonderful language. Every year UN Chinese Languag

66、e Day __7__ (fall) on April 20. A great way __8__ (get) involved in the celebration is to join a Mandarin class or attend one of the Confucius Institutes (孔子學(xué)院) __9__ are set up by China in countries around the world.The number of people learning Chinese is on __10__ increase in China's neighboring countries, such as Korea, Japan and Vietnam. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。每年的4月20日是聯(lián)合國漢語日，聯(lián)合國將這一天定為官