《2019年高考英語(yǔ) 高考真題和高考模擬題分項(xiàng)版匯編 專題02 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （含解析）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2019年高考英語(yǔ) 高考真題和高考模擬題分項(xiàng)版匯編 專題02 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （含解析）（8頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、2019年高考英語(yǔ)真題和模擬題分項(xiàng)匯編 專題02 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 一、2019年高考真題 1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months. A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give 【答案】B 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與主謂一致。句意：在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里，這名音樂(lè)家與他的樂(lè)隊(duì)成員已經(jīng)完成了十場(chǎng)演出。由“in the last three

2、months”可知，這句話的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故排除AD選項(xiàng)。本句主語(yǔ)為the musician，為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。 2.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there. A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell

3、【答案D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他到中國(guó)幾個(gè)月后，就喜歡上了那里的人和文化。發(fā)生在had arrived之后的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選D。 3.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：真遺憾！你錯(cuò)過(guò)了這次觀光，否則，我們本應(yīng)該在一起度過(guò)一段愉快時(shí)光的。根據(jù)上文，可知是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的虛擬，

4、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：If+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+其他，主句：主語(yǔ)+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+其他，故選C。 4.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics. A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed 【答案】B 【解析】考查

5、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：他們正努力確保在2022年北京冬奧會(huì)之前安裝5G終端。表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，用將來(lái)完成時(shí)?！?G終端”和“安裝”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選B。 5.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope 【答案】A 【解析】考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句意：我本來(lái)計(jì)劃在Pe

6、ter結(jié)婚時(shí)送他一個(gè)禮物的，可是我沒(méi)有做到。第二個(gè)分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，它之前的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故選A。 6.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given 【答案】C 【解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：艾米和他的兄弟們當(dāng)上周回到村里時(shí)，受到了熱烈的歡迎。根據(jù)last week

7、可知應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)，排除選項(xiàng)A和B。as well as連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就前原則。這句話真正的主語(yǔ)是Amy，她受到熱烈歡迎，所以用過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)。故選C。 7.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：

8、工人們沒(méi)有被更好的組織起來(lái)，否則他們用一半的時(shí)間就能完成任務(wù)。根據(jù)上句the workers were not better organized可知，這是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的虛擬。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：If+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+其他，主句：主語(yǔ)+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+其他，故選D。 9.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is

9、increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】are 【解析】時(shí)態(tài)和考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語(yǔ)，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填are。 10.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語(yǔ)法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year

10、-old business. 【答案】B 【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句主語(yǔ)為Irene，此處為謂語(yǔ)成分，根據(jù)后文had 以及said 可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故填declared。 11.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語(yǔ)法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years 【答案】are 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該定語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“over the

11、years”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，句意：我喜歡到這里來(lái)看看我的家人和我這些年來(lái)交到的朋友們。故填have made。 12.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯(cuò)】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. 【答案】And the other that I wanted to help people in need. 【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。本篇文章使用的全是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且與最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以最后一句話時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。講述當(dāng)時(shí)做決定時(shí)的原因。故將is改為was。 1

12、3.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語(yǔ)法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. 【答案】recommended。 【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購(gòu)物和參觀的地方?！癮nd”前

13、后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關(guān)系，時(shí)態(tài)一致。故填recommended。 13.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語(yǔ)法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars 【答案】were invited。 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一

14、般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)句意：我們被邀請(qǐng)去參加一場(chǎng)私人音樂(lè)會(huì)，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)為we，故填were invited。 二、2019屆模擬題 1.【江蘇省鹽城中學(xué)2019屆高三年級(jí)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】 If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe. A. had been B. were C. would be D. was 【答案】B 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句首的if（如果）與主句的would have done（早就做…）可判斷本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣

15、，并且根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)可以判斷是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以if從句用一般過(guò)去式，be動(dòng)詞要用were。虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)只能用were不能用was，故選B。 【點(diǎn)睛】 If條件狀語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣： 1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況 從句：If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)(Be動(dòng)詞用were)；主句：主語(yǔ)+ should/would/might/could+do.如If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。（事實(shí)：我不可能是你） 2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況 從句：If+主語(yǔ)+had+done；主句：主語(yǔ)+should/wo

16、uld/might/could+have done.如If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見(jiàn)到她。（事實(shí)：去晚了） 3.表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 從句：①if+主語(yǔ)+were to do②if+主語(yǔ)+should+do③if+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）；主句:主語(yǔ)+should/would/might/could+do.如 If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天來(lái)這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)?。（事?shí)：來(lái)的可能性很小，

17、不可能） 溫馨提示： if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如果if省略，則將助動(dòng)詞had、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should或be動(dòng)詞were提到主語(yǔ)的前面。 2.【江蘇省鹽城中學(xué)2019屆高三年級(jí)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】When they first came to the city, my parents often went to neighbors for a talk, just as they ________ in the countryside. A. will do B. had done C. have done D. were doing 【答案】B 【解析】考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句意：我父母剛來(lái)城市的時(shí)候

18、，經(jīng)常去鄰居家聊天，就像他們?cè)卩l(xiāng)下經(jīng)常做的那樣。這是一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句加just as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句。方式狀語(yǔ)從句的主句使用的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去式（went to neighbors for a talk），從句發(fā)生的動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之前，所以使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故選B。 3.【江蘇省鹽城中學(xué)2019屆高三年級(jí)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _______ be above it. A. shall B. must C. may D. need 【答案】A 【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：法律面前人人平等。沒(méi)有人

19、能凌駕于法律之上。A. shall用于第二、第三人稱，則含有命令、警告、允諾或威脅的語(yǔ)氣。B. must（必須，一定）用于肯定句。C. may（可以，能夠）表允許時(shí)一般不與第三人稱連用。D. need (表示沒(méi)有必要或詢問(wèn)是否有必要) 需要；故選A。 4.【天津市南開(kāi)中學(xué)2019屆高三年級(jí)校模擬考試】—I spend two weeks in Beijing last year. —Then you must have visited the Great Wall during your stay, ________ you? A. mustn’t B. didn’t C. haven

20、’t D. hadn’t 【答案】B 【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：——去年我在北京呆了兩周?！敲茨阍诙毫羝陂g一定參觀過(guò)長(zhǎng)城，是嗎?題中l(wèi)ast summer表示的是一個(gè)確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間，可認(rèn)定must have visited是對(duì)“過(guò)去”的推斷，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)反問(wèn)。此處是反意疑問(wèn)句，前半句肯定，后半句應(yīng)該用否定形式，故選B。 5.【天津市南開(kāi)中學(xué)2019屆高三年級(jí)校模擬考試】She ________ to someone on the phone, so I just nodded to her and went away. A. talked B. has talked C. ha

21、d talked D. was talking 【答案】D 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：她正在和別人通電話，所以我只是向她點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭就走了。此處表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，所以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故選D。 6.【天津市南開(kāi)中學(xué)2019屆高三年級(jí)校模擬考試】The bus would not have run into the river ________ for the bad tempered lady. A. if it were not B. had it not been C. if it would not be D. should it not be 【答案】B 【解析】考查

22、if從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：要不是那位壞脾氣的女士，公共汽車是不會(huì)掉進(jìn)河里的。此處是if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，從句中有had則if省略，把助動(dòng)詞had提到主語(yǔ)前面，故選B。 7.【江蘇省南京市2019屆高三模擬】— Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window? — Well, if you __________. I can put on more clothes. A. can B. may C. must D. shall 【答案】C 【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：-不好意思，我把窗戶打開(kāi)你介意嗎?- 好吧

23、，如果你必須這么做的話。我可以多穿點(diǎn)衣服。A. can能夠；B. may可能；C. must一定；必須；D. shall會(huì)；將。must表示偏要，必須要做的事情，故選C。 8.【江蘇省南京市2019屆高三模擬】— How could they misunderstand me like that? —Just keep silent! It’s the best way to let them know they you wrong. A. do B. did C. are doing D. had done 【答案】B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：-他們?cè)趺茨苣菢诱`解我呢?-

24、 保持沉默!這是讓他們知道他們做錯(cuò)了你的最好方式。根據(jù)how could可知這件事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用 did you wrong來(lái)表示過(guò)去他們錯(cuò)怪了你。故選B。 9.【天津市十二所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2019屆高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考】The students have decided on a final date by which everyone reading the books assigned by their professor. A. finishes B. finished C. have finished D. will have finished 【答案】D 【解

25、析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：學(xué)生們決定了最后的日期，到那時(shí)每個(gè)人都將讀完教授布置的書(shū)。根據(jù)“a final date by which”可知此處表示將來(lái)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)該用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，故D項(xiàng)正確。 10.【天津市十二所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2019屆高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考】You didn’t let me drive. If we ________ by turns, you ________ so tired. A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t hav

26、e got 【答案】D 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：你當(dāng)時(shí)不讓我開(kāi)車，如果我們輪流開(kāi)車的話，你就不會(huì)這么累了。根據(jù)“You didn’t let me drive.”判斷此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用wouldn’t have done結(jié)構(gòu)，故D項(xiàng)正確。 【點(diǎn)睛】注意：表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be用were）/should+動(dòng)詞原形/were to+動(dòng)詞原形，主句謂語(yǔ)形式為would/should/could+動(dòng)詞原形；表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be用were），主句謂語(yǔ)形式為would/should/could+動(dòng)詞原形；表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)形式為had+過(guò)去分詞，主句謂語(yǔ)形式為would/should/could have+過(guò)去分詞。 8