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1、2022年高中英語 Module3 THe Violence 第4課時(shí)學(xué)案 外研版必修3 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)： 1. 了解過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式 2. 了解間接引語的表達(dá) 3. 利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則 學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：了解過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式 學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)：利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則 課前預(yù)習(xí) 使用說明與學(xué)法指導(dǎo)： 1. 利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則 2. 15分鐘之內(nèi)完成 預(yù)習(xí)自測(cè)： 觀察下列從Reading and Vocabulary中選取的句子，體會(huì)過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 ①By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed a

2、nd 2,700 had been injured. ②Coghlan travelled back to Canada—after he had been buried in Texas! [自我總結(jié)] 過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“ ”構(gòu)成，表示某被動(dòng)動(dòng)作在過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作 已發(fā)生。 我的疑問： _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3、___________________ 課內(nèi)探究 質(zhì)疑探究： 過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 一、構(gòu)成 　had＋ been＋過去分詞 二、用法 1．表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。該動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”；這一過去時(shí)間可用by，at，before等構(gòu)成的短語或when，after，until等引導(dǎo)的從句或通過上下文來表示。 The project had been pleted by the end of xx.這項(xiàng)工程已于xx年底竣工。 The classroom had been cleaned before we came. 我們來之前，教室已被打掃

4、干凈。 2．表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，該動(dòng)作可能還要延續(xù)下去；常和for或since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的短語或從句連用。 The sale had been advertised for several weeks. 這場(chǎng)拍賣會(huì)已經(jīng)做了好幾個(gè)星期的廣告。 Much work had been done since she arrived here. 自她抵達(dá)這里后做了許多工作。 3．用在含有被動(dòng)形式的間接引語或賓語從句中，常放在像said，told, thought，wondered等過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的后面，表示在這些動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 My clas

5、smate told me that he had been punished by his teacher.我同學(xué)告訴我他已經(jīng)受到了老師的懲罰。 We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash.我們都以為他在飛機(jī)失事中喪生了。 直接引語和間接引語 直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫做間接引語。直接引語如改為間接引語，必須在語序、人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語方面做相應(yīng)變化。 一、句型變化 1．陳述句 直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)(that在口語中常省略)。 “I will neve

6、r forget this interesting lesson，”said Paul.“我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記這有趣的一課，”保羅說。 →Paul said that he would never forget that interesting lesson.保羅說他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記那有趣的一課。 2.疑問句 直接引語如果是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要把疑問句語序改為陳述句語序(主語在謂語前面)，句末用句號(hào)，主語的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語也要作相應(yīng)的變化。 (1)一般疑問句：直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是said時(shí)，要改為asked

7、。沒有間接賓語的，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(me，him或us等)。 He said，“Can you speak French？” →He asked me if/whether I could speak French. He said，“Did you see me last night？” →He asked (me) whether/if I had seen him the night before. (2)特殊疑問句：直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，仍用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。 “Where do you usually have lunch？” he asked

8、me. →He asked me where I usually had lunch. 3.祈使句 轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式的前面加上tell，ask，order等動(dòng)詞，其句型是：tell/ask/order sb.to do sth.，如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式的前面加not。 “Make sure the door is shut，” she said to her little son. “一定要關(guān)上門，”她對(duì)她的小兒子說。 →She told her little son to make sure t

9、he door was shut.她對(duì)她的小兒子說一定要關(guān)上門。 “Don't smoke in the room，”he said to me.“不要在房間里吸煙?！彼麑?duì)我說。 →He told me not to smoke in the room. 他對(duì)我說不要在房間里吸煙。 二、時(shí)態(tài)變化 將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要做相應(yīng)的變化： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)

10、 三、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語也要做相應(yīng)的變化 直接引語 間接引語 this(這) that(那) these(這些) those(那些) now(現(xiàn)在) then(那時(shí)) today(今天) that day(那天) yesterday(昨天) the day before(前一天) last year(去年) the year before(前一年) ago(……以前) before(……以前) tomorrow(明天) the next day(第二天) next month(下個(gè)月) the next month(第二個(gè)月) here(這

11、兒) there(那兒) e(來) go(去) bring(帶來) take(拿去) She said to me, “I e here five years ago.” 她對(duì)我說，“我五年前住在這兒?！? → She told me she came there five years before. 她告訴我說她五年前住在那兒。 He said to me，“I will see her next week.” 他對(duì)我說，“我下星期去看她?！? →He told me he would see her the next week. 他告訴我說他下星期去看她。 【提示】

12、　 (1)人稱變化 一隨主、二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。 ＝“I'll let you know as soon as I get the tickets.”he told me. →He told me he would let me know as soon as he got the tickets. “What are your parents and where do they live？”the policeman asked me. →The policeman asked me what my parents were and where they lived. (2

13、)時(shí)態(tài)不變的特殊情況如下： ①直接引語是客觀真理、諺語或名人名言時(shí)。 He said，“The earth goes around the sun.” → He said that the earth goes around the sun. He said，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” →He said where there is a will，there is a way. ②當(dāng)直接引語中有具體的過去時(shí)間作狀語時(shí)，間接引語仍然用一般過去時(shí)。 Mr. Wang said，“I was born in China in Sept

14、ember,1972.” → Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972. ③當(dāng)直接引語是過去完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。 She said，“They had left when I arrived here.” →She said they had left when she arrived there. ④當(dāng)直接引語表示客觀的時(shí)刻表時(shí)。 He said，“The plane takes off at 6：30 a．m.” →He said that the plane takes off at 6：30 a．m. 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)：

15、 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空 1．The classroom (clean) before the teacher came. 2．My brother always asked me (tell) stories. 3．They asked me if I (know) such rules before. 4．Miss Smith told us that she (e) back the next day. 5．Great changes (take) place in my home

16、town since 1980. 6．I remembered that the book (leave) in the classroom. 7．My teacher told me that the earth ( be) round. 8．He asked me if the work (finish)． 9．He asked me if I (be) interested in English. 10．The teacher told the students (stop) talking. 課

17、后反思： __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 課后訓(xùn)練 單項(xiàng)填空 1．At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement . A．has been reached　B．had been reached C．has reached D．had reached

18、 2．The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the child whose parents in an accident. A．had been killed B．a(chǎn)re killed C．had killed D．killed 3．No one can be sure in a million years. A．what man will look like B．what will man look like C．man will look like what D．what look wi

19、ll man like 4． By the end of last year，another new gymnasium in Beijing. A．would be pleted B．was being pleted C．has been pleted D．had been pleted 5． When I got there，I that he to Shanghai. A．told；had gone B．was told；had gone C．was heard；went D．told；had been 6．I

20、couldn't understand with me. A．the matter was what B．what the matter was C．what was the matter D．that was the matter 7．The teacher told us that American schools in September. A．begin B．begun C．have begun D．had begun 8．I felt very happy because it was the third time I

21、 as a writer by the newspaper. A．was awarded B．had been awarded C．a(chǎn)warded D．would be awarded 9．The reporter said that the UFO from east to west when he saw it. A．was traveling B．traveled C．had been traveling D．was to travel 10．I asked my lawyer say in court. A．what I should B．what should I C．how I should D．how should I