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1、70a46d61034422c5dd2530f0d327c84e.doc Editted By Addison Wang 自己的issue高頻提綱 NO.130 教育 3月北京第2 "How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a b

2、etter society."孩子們的社會(huì)化決定社會(huì)的命運(yùn)。不幸的是我們還不知道怎樣撫養(yǎng)孩子才能使他們對(duì)將來的社會(huì)有用。 This statement actually consist of two claims. First, the destiny of society is determined by how children are socialized today. Second, we have not yet learned how to raise children to be competent to help bring about a better society. A

3、s far as I am concerned, I disagree with both of the two claims. (1) There is no denying that children is the hope of a nation so that how children are socialized is indeed crucial for the future society. (2) However, the socialization of children is only one of the factors that determine the deve

4、lopment of children, and yet it may not the most important one. (3) What is the most important, consider the item “better society” as equality, prosperity, stabilization, then we do have experienced great improvement and progress during the last decades, the time of those who once were the childern

5、 of our society, which means we do actually know how to raise children to contribute a better society. We devote to raise children in health, not only in physical but also in mental. Merits such as honesty, responsibility, persistence, kindness and so on are the core lessons should be taken to chil

6、dren. NO.48 歷史與人民 3月北京第4 "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."歷史研究把太多重點(diǎn)放在對(duì)某些個(gè)人上.歷史上一些重大事件和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)不是由個(gè)別名人決定的

7、,而可能是由那些已經(jīng)被淡忘的人制造的。 There is always a debate on whether the famous few or the groups of people nameless contribute to the significant events and trends in history. Different people have different views according to their different experience, beliefs and positions. The arguer is in favor of that

8、the most significant events and trends in history were made by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten. Though one can hardly say with certainty that history was created by the very individuals or ordinary people, in my view, I agree with the arguer’s point more. 1. Admittedly, i

9、n some areas such as art and science, a group of key individuals have played a more crucial role than forgettable groups of people. It is Newton, who laid the foundation of calculus, formulated three fundamental laws of mechanics, leading to the law of gravitation. It is Einstein who put forward The

10、ory of Relativity and also gave a perfect interpretation of the photoelectric effect. It is Beethoven who left the world with so many great compositions, which are so infective, unforgettable and can not be replaced. It is Shakespeare, who created the greatest English literature. 2. However, most o

11、f the time, the most significant events and trends in history were made possible by groups of ordinary people. Though decisions were made by the key individuals but they were completed by forgettable groups of people. Take the Chinese famous historic building, Great Wall, as an instance. Though it i

12、s the first emperor of ancient dynasty Qing who decided to construct Great Wall, however, without thousands upon thousands labour forces how can the great wall be established? And Pyramid perhaps can be regarded as the similar example to illuminate this point. 3. In another place, though the famous

13、 few played a crucial role in some significant events and trend in history, sometimes these trends are inevitable and if without those famous few, there would be others played such important roles instead of them. President Abraham Lincoln gave the American Civil War a new political direction. He ha

14、d freed Negro slaves in the rebel states of the south as well as saved the Union. His contribution to human freedom can not be forgotten, however, if there were no Abraham Lincoln there might be another Lincoln sooner or later to fulfill this great mission. 4. Additionally, we, common people, all f

15、lock to the powerful and the beautiful. Thus, newspapers and TV stations report a mass of information, even trivia sometimes, to cater for our taste. Therefore information about the famous individual was kept down but insufficient materials of groups of people were remained. So, possibly, it is we o

16、urselves, the common people, who have shaped the history, such that it concentrates on important individuals NO.144 藝術(shù)家和評(píng)論家 3月北京第13 "It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value." *a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, music, painting

17、s, etc. 是藝術(shù)家而不是批評(píng)家，給了社會(huì)一些永久的價(jià)值。*批評(píng)家指經(jīng)常評(píng)價(jià)藝術(shù)作品 ，例如小說、電影、音樂、繪畫等的人。 the arguer insists that it is the artist gives society something of lasting value, but not the critics. As far as I am concerned, there is no denying that artist gives society something of lasting value. However, constructive critici

18、sm not only can help the public to appreciate artistic work but also can help artist promote their working level. Therefore, in my opinion, artist gives society something of lasting value while critic also contributes to the lasting value. 1. first of all, there is no doubt that it is the creative

19、minds and skillful works of artists that make our quotidian life colorful and give society something of lasting value. It is Da Vinci who gave the painting “Mona Lisa” of lasting value 2. on the other hand, critics play an indelible role in giving society something of lasting value. (1) First, cr

20、itics can help the public understand and interpret art, since their comment and evaluation of an artwork severs as a filter, which helps us determine which art is worth our time and attention. (2) Second, a critic who is familiar with a particular artist’s works might have certain insights about t

21、hose works that the layperson would not. Therefore we can learn it from all of these critics, which can help us understand an artistic work better and also help us to be a good connoisseur. (3) Besides, they can provide feedback for artists and constructive criticism can result in better work. All

22、of the greatest feats in history, which gave society something of lasting value, are those created by artists and evaluated by critics. 3. 總結(jié): artist and critics are supplement of each other. All of the greatest artistic works in history, which gave society something of lasting value, are those cr

23、eated by artists and evaluated by critics. NO.153 學(xué)習(xí) 3月北京第9 "Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively." 學(xué)生們應(yīng)該帶著懷疑的態(tài)度對(duì)待他們所學(xué)的任何東西。他們應(yīng)該質(zhì)疑老師教給他們的東西，而不是消極地接受。 the speaker insists that stude

24、nts should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study and question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively. As far as I am concerned, I strongly agree that not only students but also all of us should bring a certain skepticism to whatever we study. 1. For one thing, the knowle

25、dge of any field of study must have some flaws and somewhat incomplete, while to err is human, due to the limit of the ken of teachers, they might have made some mistakes. Without skepticizing but only passively accepting whatever one studies is unwise, which not only do bad to the students but also

26、 be detrimental to the society. 2. Secondly, as the society never stop developing and progressing, some knowledge and theories we think as truth ever might be proved wrong at last, so it need us bring a certain skepticism to what we study. 3. Thirdly, skepticism is the starting point for creation

27、and we human being really get quite a few benefits from question what we are taught. Without skepticism, no great progress will be made in any academic field. There are series of examples to illustrate this point. Without the suspicion of the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, how could Copernicus estab

28、lish the heliocentric conjecture? Without querying Newton’s classic mechanics, how could Einstein put forward the Theory of Relativity? 4. Students should be encouraged to form the habit of a critical thinking to everything they are taught. This is a very basic quality for every student to develop.

29、 Bacon, an English philosopher, had advocated the idea of testing the authority in order to gain real knowledge. When Einstein was a child he always asking why to almost everything, therefore he could meke such a great achievement. NO.50教育 3月北京第一 "In order to improve the quality of instruction

30、 at the college and university level, all faculties should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach." 為了提高大學(xué)的教學(xué)質(zhì)量，所有的教職員工應(yīng)該去校外參加一些和他們教的課程相關(guān)的工作。 The arguer suggest that all colleges and universities’ faculty should be required t

31、o spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach in the purpose to improve the quality of instruction. Though it sounds tempting, I just partially agree with the arguer’s point for the reason that in some areas it really needs it’s faculty spend time

32、working outside the academic world and keep the pace with the real world, while in some other areas, such as in the pure theoretical field, do not need this. 1. First, faculty who are actively engaged in their fields come to class with fresh insights and contagious excitement about the issue at han

33、d. 2. Secondly, by keeping abreast with the changing demands of work as a professional, professors can help students who are serious about pursuing a career in that field to make more informed career decisions. If the courses is digressed from the need of real world the students may feel bored and

34、 uninteresting and can not concentrate on the lessons, which will make the lessons meaningless. 3. Thirdly, as the society never stop developing and progressing, some knowledge in the book might have been out of date. Therefore, working in the prosessions outside the acadamic world may help the te

35、achers To keep pace with the quick development, while the knowledge in the books somewhat lags behind. 4. However, there is no need and unwarranted to expand this broad claim to embrace all the faculty in the college. For those who work in the pure theoretical field, such as mathematics, literature

36、, history, philosophy, etc., they may find it difficult to combine their teaching with relevant professional fields and it is also meaningless to compel them to gain the experience in the practical work and it may distract them from the research and instruction work they should concentrate on. More

37、over, the teachers who are no in the pure theoretical field should also pay attention to how to balance the time they spend on outside working and the time they spend on teaching and researching for the reason that spending too much and energy will inevitably have some adverse influnce on their teac

38、hing and researching. 5. 總結(jié): balance well. Although some teachers really need to spend some time wording outside, the main time and energy should still be on the education. NO.103 歷史的價(jià)值 3月北京第17 "The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives.

39、" 只有當(dāng)歷史和我們的生活相關(guān)時(shí)，對(duì)它的研究才有價(jià)值。 The arguer asserts that only the study of history is relevant to our daily lives can it have value. However, as far as I am concerned, learning history has its own inherent values which are very helpful to every individuals and nations no matter it is relevant to our

40、 daily lives or not. Therefore, I don’t agree with this assertion. 1. History is a source of precedent from which we get many experience and knowledge. From learning history, we know more about ourselves and the whole world and it is helpful for us to realize where we are today in the world. Learni

41、ng about great human achievements of the past provides us with inspiration. From the ancient Chinese author Sun Tzu's book "The Art of War", today's military commanders and even business leaders gather obtian information that help them to operate more efficiently and effectively. 2. History is a so

42、urce of prediction and can avoid us making the same mistakes in history. Otherwise, as the saying goes: those who do not know the past are condemned to repeat it. Therefore quite a few people look for experience and guidance from learning history. For example, the lessons learned from all of the pas

43、t wars can contribute to a more effective wartime leadership by avoiding mistakes ever made by past commanders. Perpetual motion machine obey the natural law and can not be fulfilled. 3. Studying human history can also help us understand and appreciate the mores, values, and ideals of past cultures

44、. 4. 總結(jié): Therefore, a part of history might seem irrelevant to our daily life, however, the study of which is undoubtedly has value. History is the most important part of a nation’s culture and studying history not only can help us understand and appreciate the value and ideals of past cultures, bu

45、t also help us to form correct value view and ideals in today’s world. NO.208 認(rèn)知 3月北京第3 "The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people." 人們的眼神、衣著和行動(dòng)

46、表現(xiàn)了他們的態(tài)度和興趣。你可以通過觀察人們的外表和行為來獲知這個(gè)社會(huì)的許多想法和價(jià)值。 This statement actually consists of two claims. First, the way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interest. Second, observing the appearance and behavior of its people, one can tell much about a society’s ideas and values. As far as I

47、 am concerned, I agree insofar as the appearance and behavior of people can sometimes reveal their attitudes and interests as well as a society’s ideas and values. However, it is not always the case. 1. Admittedly, as psychologists indicate, the way people look, dress, and act is influenced to a la

48、rge extent by one’s characters, moods, ideas, except when one pretends to behavior under certain occasions. So in this way, a society’s ideas and value can be partialy expressed by the appearance and behavior of its people. Actually, that is one of the very means by which sociologists do their resea

49、rches. People of different countries and different eras dress differently. Changing in people’s dressing styles is usually consistent with value changes of a society. Dynasty tang, dynasty qing. 2. The habits, rituals and lifestyles of a culture often do provide accurate signals about its values.

50、People’s behavior is dominated by their minds which are greatly influenced by the society’s ideology. Islamite don’t eat pork, Arab women use headcloth 3. However, the appearance and behavior might be deceiving, which means we cannot entirely depend on people’s appearance and behavior to see people

51、’s attitutes and interests or the ideas of a society. Albert Einstein was a famous man, but you would not have known that by looking at him. His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes. He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work. The phenomenon that blu

52、e jeans, business suit or some other fashions have become international popularity. 4. 總結(jié): We should use the appearance and behavior of people as a mean to analyze a sociery’s ideas and values, while other means should be served as supplements of this. NO.51 教育 3月北京第9 "Education will

53、 be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."只有針對(duì)每個(gè)學(xué)生的需要和興趣,教育 才真正的有意義。 The arguer claims that education should be specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student in order to make education tr

54、uly effective. Though it sounds very alluring, as far as I am concerned, it is impossible and even not necessary to specifically design education to meet individual needs and interests of each student all the time. 1. Interests is a vert essential element in one’s learning. It’s really an passion a

55、nd impetus for a student to learn. The traditional teacher-oriented education often neglects the individual needs and interests of each student, which proves counterproductive. An educational system that can take into account the specific needs and interests of each student will help students to ful

56、ly develop their distinct potential and talent. In such an educational system, students, feeling centered and appreciated, will be more motivated to study. 2. People may take granted that the more specifically designed education one can get acccording to his/ her own needs and interests, the more

57、effective it will be turn out to be, since students will be much more actively engaged in study without the nessecity to learn what does not interest them, or what to be no apparent help to their future careers. Reasonable as it may seem, such an educational pattern does not make full use of modern

58、educational resouces. It is actually impossible that education is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each students—the cost of it is too high. 3. There is no need to design education to meet each student’s need and interests and over-specified education will narrow

59、 down student’s ken and capability of acclimation to future career. They should learn some lessons which is necessary for them, whatever they like them or not. 4. Even if we have the sufficient educational resources to offer individuals such education system, it is not a rational choice to do it f

60、or the reason that the majority of the students especially young children themselves don’t know what they really need and their interests. 5. 總結(jié): Although complete liberty in designing education is not available to all individual students, schools can try their best to offer more choices and auton

61、omy to students as long as the quality of compulsory education is guaranteed. NO.207文化與人 3月北京第6 "Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are." 典禮和儀式有助于給一種文化下定義。沒有典禮和儀式，人們就無法很好地了解自己。 The speaker clai

62、ms that rituals and ceremonies help define a culture, without which societies or groups of people cannot have a good sense of who they are. As far as I am concerned, I concede that one purpose of ritual and ceremony is to define a culture. However, societies and groups of people have many other mean

63、s, other than rituals and ceremonies, to identify who they are. Therefore, I disagree with that without rituals and ceremonies, societies or groups of people cannot well identify who they are. 1. To begin with, I agree insofar that one purpose of ritual and ceremony is to define a culture at presen

64、t-day. In the rituals and ceremonies people play different role, which gives them the social identities and the sense of themselves. Nowadays, globalization occurs in every corner of the earth and to some extent threatens the independence and integrity of culture. In order to be far away from assimi

65、lation and distinguish with each other, people often turn to rituals and ceremonies and maintain their unique belief. So, without them, some cultures especially small tribe cultures are likely to be assimilated with the outside and finally lose their identity. 2. however, rituals and ceremonies are

66、 not the only means to preserve cultural identity. Nations can be identified with other means like their own histories, languages, letters as well as their people’s appearance and behavior. Individuals can understand themselves through other means such as working, attending social activities, giving or receiving educations. lifestyle—Arabs, dietary habits—Muslim. Islamite don’t eat pork, Arab women use headcloth 3. However, rituals and ceremonies have their own limits. There are some rituals a