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1、1 第三節(jié)第三節(jié) 行星齒輪變速機(jī)構(gòu)行星齒輪變速機(jī)構(gòu) 行星齒輪變速器的結(jié)構(gòu)組成行星齒輪變速器的結(jié)構(gòu)組成 行星齒輪變速器的工作原理行星齒輪變速器的工作原理行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)在自動變速器上的應(yīng)用行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)在自動變速器上的應(yīng)用2一、行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)一、行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)行星行星齒輪齒輪中心中心齒輪齒輪行星行星架架齒圈齒圈組裝組裝圖圖34行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)的組成行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)的組成5二、行星齒輪變速原理二、行星齒輪變速原理 行星輪力平衡條件：行星輪力平衡條件：F1=F2F3=-2F1 三元件上的力矩分別為：三元件上的力矩分別為： 太陽輪太陽輪M1=F1r1=z2/z1=r2/r1, r3=(r1+r2)/2 齒圈齒圈M2=F

2、2r2=F1r1 行星架行星架 M3=F3r3=-(+1)F1r1 能量守恒三元件輸入和輸出功率能量守恒三元件輸入和輸出功率的代數(shù)和等于零的代數(shù)和等于零M11+M2+M3=0 n1+n2-(1+)n3=0r61.行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)變速比計算行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)變速比計算傳動比傳動比i=從動件齒從動件齒 數(shù)數(shù)/主動件齒數(shù)主動件齒數(shù)n1+n2-(1+)n3=072.變速原理（加速）變速原理（加速） 當(dāng)太陽輪固定，行星架當(dāng)太陽輪固定，行星架輸入，齒圈輸出時傳輸入，齒圈輸出時傳動比為：動比為：n1+n2-(1+)n3=0 n1=0i=n3/n2=/(1+1/)1為超速傳動為超速傳動 行星架和齒圈轉(zhuǎn)向相同。行星架和齒

3、圈轉(zhuǎn)向相同。83.變速原理（加速）變速原理（加速）當(dāng)齒圈固定，當(dāng)齒圈固定，行星架輸入，行星架輸入，太陽輪輸出時太陽輪輸出時為超速傳動，為超速傳動，傳動比為：傳動比為：i=n3/n1=/(1+)1行星架和太陽行星架和太陽輪轉(zhuǎn)向相同。輪轉(zhuǎn)向相同。94.變速原理（減速）變速原理（減速）當(dāng)齒圈固定，當(dāng)齒圈固定，太陽輪輸入，太陽輪輸入，行星架輸出時行星架輸出時為為減速傳動減速傳動，傳動比為：傳動比為：i=n1/n3=1+行星架和太陽行星架和太陽輪轉(zhuǎn)向相同。輪轉(zhuǎn)向相同。105.變速原理（減速）變速原理（減速）當(dāng)太陽輪固當(dāng)太陽輪固定齒圈輸入，定齒圈輸入，行星架輸出時行星架輸出時為為減速傳動減速傳動，傳動比為

4、：傳動比為：i=n2/n3=1+1/齒圈和行星架齒圈和行星架轉(zhuǎn)向轉(zhuǎn)向相同相同。116.變速原理（倒擋）變速原理（倒擋）當(dāng)行星架固定，當(dāng)行星架固定，太陽輪輸入，太陽輪輸入，齒圈輸出時，齒圈輸出時，為減速傳動，為減速傳動，傳動比為：傳動比為：n1+n2-(1+)n3=0n3=0n1/n2=-太陽輪和齒圈太陽輪和齒圈轉(zhuǎn)向相反。轉(zhuǎn)向相反。127.轉(zhuǎn)速及旋轉(zhuǎn)方向轉(zhuǎn)速及旋轉(zhuǎn)方向固定件固定件主動件主動件 從動件從動件 轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)方向旋轉(zhuǎn)方向齒圈齒圈太陽輪太陽輪 行星架行星架 減速減速與主動件同向與主動件同向行星架行星架 太陽輪太陽輪 加速加速太陽輪太陽輪齒圈齒圈行星架行星架 減速減速與主動件同向與主動件同

5、向行星架行星架齒圈齒圈加速加速行星架行星架太陽輪太陽輪齒圈齒圈減速減速與主動件反向與主動件反向齒圈齒圈太陽輪太陽輪 加速加速13Planetenbersetzung Formeltabelle14 三、行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)在自動變速器上的應(yīng)用三、行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)在自動變速器上的應(yīng)用有三個行星排，可組合出四個檔位有三個行星排，可組合出四個檔位不同行星排有的元件是公用的不同行星排有的元件是公用的固定元件的動作由制動器和單向離合器完成固定元件的動作由制動器和單向離合器完成15Automatic Transmission Gearsets16Simple Gear SetA planetary gear set

6、has three major components: A sun gear in the center, A planet carrier with two or more pinion gears, and A ring/internal gear. These are also called members.Ring/Internal GearSun GearCarrier with Planet Pinion Gears17Connections, InputAt least one, or two, of these members will be connected to the

7、torque converter through a multidisc clutch. It can be the input when the clutch is applied. This ring/ internal gear can be driven by the forward clutchFront Ring/ Internal GearForward ClutchAnimation: Clutch Operation18Connections, OutputAt least one of the members will be connected to the transmi

8、ssion output shaft so it can transfer torque to the final drive. Splines are used to connect this front carrier to the output shaft. Note that a complete planetary gearset is shown with all three members.Output ShaftFront CarrierSplines19Connections, ReactionWhen a gear ratio change is desired, one

9、of the members must be held stationary in reaction. This carrier can be held by a roller clutch or multidisc clutch. A band is also used to hold the reaction member.Rear Carrier with Lo & Rev. Clutch HubRear Clutch HousingRoller ClutchAnimation: One-Way Roller Clutch20Carrier with PinionsThis carrie

10、r has four pinion gears. The carrier is constructed so that it can be held in reaction by a multidisc clutch. It is also connected to another gearset member.Hub for Lo and Reverse ClutchPlanet Pinion Gear21Planet Pinions The pinion gears are mounted in the carrier so they can rotate freely on their

11、shaft. Parts of a carrier are shown.Pinion GearNeedle BearingsPinion Pin/ShaftThrust WasherThrust Washer22Simpson Gear SetThis gear set combines portions of two simple gear sets as shown. The front ring gear and sun gears are inputs. Some internal parts are not shown23Ravigneaux GearsetMost transmis

12、sions use a more complex gearset. Some use a Ravigneaux design that has two sun gears of different sizes and a carrier with two set of planet pinions, a long and a short set. This gearset can produce four forward speeds plus a reverse.Ring GearLong Pinion GearShort Pinion GearLarge/Front Sun Gear Sm

13、all/Rear Sun GearCarrier24Ravigneaux Gearset, ExplodedReverse Sun GearForward Sun GearRing GearShort PinionLong PinionThis AOD-E gear set has four forward speeds plus reverse and neutral.Carrier25Simpson GearsetThis gearset is used in many 3-speed transmissions. It uses two planetary sets with a com

14、mon sun gear. Sun GearRear Ring/ Annulus GearRear CarrierFront Ring/ Annulus GearFront Carrier26Four Speed GearsetThis modern 4-speed transmission uses a complex gearset. Two planetary sets are used with the ring/annulus gear of each set combined with the carrier of the second set.Front Sun GearRear

15、 Sun GearRear Carrier & Front Annulus/ Ring Gear/Output ShaftFront Carrier & Rear Annulus/ Ring Gear27Shift ControlAutomatic transmissions use different driving devices, usually multiplate clutches, to send the power flow to the proper gearset member and different reaction devices to hold the proper

16、 member in reaction. These members are applied or released to get the proper gear ratio.28Shift ControlAutomatic trans- missions use differ-ent driving devices, usually multiplate clutches, to send the power flow to the proper gearset member and differ-ent reaction devices to hold the proper member

17、in reaction. 29Planetary OperationThis chart shows how a simple planetary gearset can produce six different gear ratios depending on which member is driven or held. In addition to the three reduction or overdrive (OD) or forward or reverse ratios, a direct drive, 1:1, ratio occurs if two members are driven. Neutral results if no members are driven.#1: #2: #3: #4: #5: #6: