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1、2020;2020屆高考英語三輪復習回扣課本精講精練復習學案-人教版必修3-- Unit 4　Astronomy the science of the stars Ⅰ.重點單詞聚焦 1．It cost him more than one________(十億) dollars to complete the project. 答案：　billion 2．“What happened？” John’s mother asked him in a________(溫和的) voice. 答案：　gentle 3．Before the Earth’s protective________

2、(大氣層) was formed，there was no life except in the sea. 答案：　atmosphere 4．With the________(引力) of the moon and the sun each day，tides (潮汐) roll in and roll away. 答案：　pull 5．Man-made________(衛(wèi)星) are used for sending and receiving messages. 答案：　satellites 6．Smoking________(乘，增加) the risk of heart a

3、ttacks and other health problems. 答案：　multiplies 7．Eating too many desserts can be________(有害的) to one’s teeth. 答案：　harmful 8．Global warming and________(氣候) change problems are perhaps the greatest threats to our planet. 答案：　climate 9．According to the________(理論) of relativity (相對論)，nothing ca

4、n travel faster than light. 答案：　theory 10．Most of the evidence had been destroyed.________(因此，于是)，it was almost impossible to prove him guilty. 答案：　Thus Ⅱ課文原句突破 1．隨后它會變成什么沒有人知道，直到38～45億年前，這團塵埃才慢慢地形成一個固體的球狀物。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 bi

5、llion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 答案：　What it was to become 2．地球變得如此猛烈，以至于它的形狀能否持久還不清楚。 The earth became________violent________it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 答案：　so；that 3．這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。 This produced a chain reaction，which________ ___

6、_____ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 答案：　made it possible for life to develop 4．而當我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。 But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried________ ________ ________ ________ on the earth and fell over. 答案：　 twice as far as 5．“天哪，”我大聲說?！耙?/p>

7、力改變了，走路也的確需要練一練了?！? “Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice________ ________gravity has changed.” 答案：　now that atmosphere n．大氣層，空氣；環(huán)境，氣氛 教材原句P25：They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.它們最終產(chǎn)生了碳、氮氣、水蒸氣和其他氣體

8、，這些后來形成了地球的大氣層。 ①The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick.它們制造出來的廢氣進入大氣中，導致我們生病。 ②The simple atmosphere of the office calmed me. 簡樸的辦公室氣氛讓我平靜下來。 ③Ever since their quarrel，there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office. 自從他們發(fā)生口角以來，辦公室里總有一種不愉快的氣氛。 1.(湖北高考)The top l

9、eaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly________. A．a(chǎn)tmosphere　　　　　　　 B．state C．situation　　　 D．phenomenon 解析：　句意為：兩國高層領(lǐng)導人之間的會談在友好的氣氛中舉行。atmosphere氣氛；state狀態(tài)；situation處境；phenomenon現(xiàn)象。由句意可知A項正確。 答案：　A harmful adj.有害的，其反義詞為harmless 教材原句P26：What many scientists believe is tha

10、t the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科學家相信，由于地球上長期有水存在，它使得地球得以把曾經(jīng)存在于大氣層中的有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。 be harmful to對……有害 do harm to.../do...harm損害…… There is no harm in doing sth./It does no harm to do sth. 做某事是個好主意(或沒有壞處) ①It is

11、 harmful to your health to drink too much. 過量喝酒對你的身體有害。 ②Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children. 你吸煙會危及孩子的健康。 ③He would never frighten anyone or cause them any harm. 他永遠不會嚇?；騻θ魏稳?。 ④He may say no，but there’s no harm in asking. 他可能拒絕，但問一問也無妨。 2.Doctors always tell us that

12、drinking too much________our health，but some people don’t care. A．is harm to　　　 B．does harmful to C．is harmful to　　　 D．do harm to 解析：　句意為：醫(yī)生總是告訴我們飲酒太多有害健康，但有些人卻不在意。be harmful to sb.＝do harm to sb.對某人有害。D項應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)。 答案：　C puzzle vt.使迷惑；使為難；使窘困；感到迷惑；n.(游戲的)猜謎；難題；謎 教材原句P27：How life began on earth

13、is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科學家們覺得很難解決的最大的難題之一。 ①What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.令我百思不解的是他為什么悄悄地離開了這個國家。 ②I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now. 我對這個問題已冥思苦想了好幾個星期。 ③It’s quite a puzzle to us why h

14、e did that. 他為何做這樣的事，我們完全搞不懂。 ④Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.她臉上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我說的話。 3.完成句子 She lost heart since she failed in the exam.She_______________(對將來感到迷茫)． 答案：　felt puzzled about her future pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力 教材原句P30：As the rocket rose into

15、the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.隨著火箭的升空，我們被重重地推回到座位上，因為我們正盡力擺脫地球的引力。 pull back撤回 pull down拆毀；摧毀 pull in(車輛)進站?？?；靠邊?？? pull out駛出；退出 pull through康復；痊愈 ①He pulled the door open and rushed out. 他拉開門，沖了出去。 ②The police car

16、 signalled to us to pull in. 警車發(fā)出信號，要我們駛向路邊?？?。 ③We waved as the train pulled out of the station. 火車駛出車站時我們揮手告別。 ④The doctor told me that I would pull through. 醫(yī)生告訴我我會康復的。 4.用pull的短語填空： (1)Houses were______________to make way for a new highway. (2)Cheer up！Take more exercise every day and you

17、 will______________. (3)John________behind me and parked. (4)Be careful when you____________of the driveway. 答案：　(1)pulled down　(2)pull through　(3)pulled in (4)pull out in time及時；終于；總有一天 ①He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time. 他設(shè)法把游客及時送到機場。 ②Will you be home in time to see t

18、he children before they go to bed？你會在孩子們上床睡覺之前回來看他們嗎？ ③If you keep on，you will succeed in time. 如果堅持下去，你們遲早會成功的。 on time準時；按時 in no time立即；馬上 at a time一次；每次 at one time曾經(jīng)；一度 at the same time同時 take one’s time別著急；慢慢來 ④At one time，half the land on the Earth’s surface was covered by forest.曾經(jīng)，

19、地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆蓋。 ⑤You must give your homework to the teacher on time. 你必須準時把作業(yè)交給老師。 5.用time的適當短語填空： (1)The cloud never hides the sun.The truth will be known to all______________. (2)________________there were not so many cars on the streets. (3)____________I go out to the beach to relax. (4)

20、—I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday. —______________________. 答案：　(1)in time　(2)At one time　(3)At times　(4)Take your time in one’s turn輪到某人；接著 教材原句P26：Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet. 于是，他們接著成為了這個行星上最重要的動物。 ①When it is in my tu

21、rn，I am too excited to speak. 當輪到我時，我激動得都說不出話來了。 in turn依次，輪流；反之，反過來 by turns輪流；交替地 take turns to do sth.輪流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事 ②The customer praised the manager，who in turn praised his staff.顧客表揚了經(jīng)理，經(jīng)理轉(zhuǎn)而表揚了他的職員。 ③All theories are derived from practice and in turn serve prac

22、tice.所有的理論都來源于實踐，并反過來為實踐服務(wù)。 ④Now it is your turn to look after the children. 現(xiàn)在輪到你照看孩子了。 6.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this________creates further problems. A．in short　　　 B．in case C．in doubt　　　 D．in turn 解析：　本題考查短語意思辨析。in short意為“總之，簡言之”；in ca

23、se意為“假使，免得，以防萬一”；in doubt意為“感到懷疑，被懷疑的”；in turn意為“反過來，依次，輪流”。根據(jù)句意要求應(yīng)選D。 答案：　D prevent...from...阻止/制止……做…… 教材原句P26：They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。 ①No one can prevent this

24、plan from being carried out. 誰也不能阻止這個計劃的實施。 ②Once he has made up his mind，nothing can prevent him from doing so.一旦他下定決心，什么也不能阻止他這樣做。 ③His advice prevented/kept/stopped me from making a serious mistake.他的忠告使我免于犯嚴重的錯誤。 ④He wears sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.他帶墨鏡保護眼睛使其免

25、受太陽光的傷害。 7.完成句子 Measures have been taken to_____________________________(阻止河流污染)． 答案：　prevent/stop/keep the river from being polluted cheer up(使)高興；使振奮；感到振奮 教材原句P31：I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon lar

26、ger. 我立刻高興起來，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著(身后的)地球越來越小，而(前方的)月亮越來越大。 ①Give Mary a call，she needs cheering up. 給瑪麗打個電話，她需要人安慰。 ②Cheer up！Our troubles will soon be over. 振作起來！我們的困難很快就會過去。 ③When I’m feeling sad my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.當我感到憂傷時，我的母親就給我講有趣的故事讓我高興起來。 ④They do this in o

27、rder to encourage crowds to cheer their sports team.他們這樣做是為了鼓勵人們?yōu)樗麄兊那蜿牸佑汀? 8.—I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t pass this time. —________！I’m sure you’ll make it. A．Go ahead　　　 B．Good luck C．No problem　　　 D．Cheer up 解析：　句意為：——我正在考慮明天考試的問題，恐怕這次我會不及格?！褡髌饋?！我相信你會通過的。根據(jù)上下文只有Che

28、er up“振作起來”符合題意，而Go ahead繼續(xù)，Good luck好運氣，No problem沒問題，均不符合題意。 答案：　D But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而當我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。 倍數(shù)表達法： (1)“A＋倍數(shù)＋形容詞或副詞的比較級＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(長、高、寬等)多少倍”。 (2)“A＋倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞或副詞的原級＋a

29、s＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。 (3)“A＋倍數(shù)＋the size/height/length/width，etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。 (4)A＋倍數(shù)＋what從句 ①There are five times more books in our library than in yours. 我們圖書館里的書比你們圖書館里的書多五倍。 ②He has read twice as many books as I have. 他讀的書是我讀過的兩倍。 ③My house is twice the size of my parents. 我的房子是我父母的兩倍大

30、。 ④Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as it did last year.我們城市今年的雨水是去年的兩倍。 9.According to statistics，a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer________a woman. A．than　　　 B．such C．so　　　 D．a(chǎn)s 解析：　閱讀題干可知此題考查倍數(shù)句式的同級比較句型，其構(gòu)成應(yīng)為：倍數(shù)詞＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as＋另一比較對象，所以此空應(yīng)填as。 答案：

31、　D 10．Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost________his. A．a(chǎn)s much twice as　　　B．twice as much as C．much as twice as　　　D．a(chǎn)s twice much as 解析：　本題句意應(yīng)為：彼得的夾克衫看上去與杰克的相同，但價格卻是他的兩倍。表達倍數(shù)用“倍數(shù)詞＋as＋adj.＋as”結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案：　B 11．Ten years ago the population of our village was________that of thei

32、rs. A．a(chǎn)s twice large as　　　B．twice as large as C．twice as much as　　　D．a(chǎn)s twice much as 解析：　句意為：十年前我們村的人口是他們村的10倍。形容詞比較級的結(jié)構(gòu)之一為：倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞原級＋as... 答案：　B 12．Some parts in South China have experienced________this year as they did last year. A．twice as much rain　　　B．rain twice as much C．a(chǎn)s twice muc

33、h rain　　　D．twice rain as much 解析：　考查倍數(shù)表達法“倍數(shù)＋as many/much＋n.＋as...”。因倍數(shù)詞為前位限定詞，排除B、C兩項，而D項不合句型結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案：　A “Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大聲說：“重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了?！? now that由于；既然，引導原因狀語從句，有時that可以省略。 Now that I have nothing to do，I can e

34、njoy music for a little while.既然我無事可做，我可以享受一會兒音樂了。 Now you have grown up，you can make up your mind by yourself.你已長大了，可以自己作決定了。 辨析：because，since，as，for與now that (1)because語氣最強，一般指事情發(fā)生的直接原因，回答提問時，一般放在主句之后。 He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday. 昨天他沒參加會議是因為他病了。 (2)since語氣較弱，

35、指雙方都明確的原因或眾所周知的原因，側(cè)重主句，從句表示顯然的或已知的理由。 Since you can’t answer the question，I’ll ask someone else. 既然你回答不出這個問題，我就問別人了。 (3)as語氣比because弱，所引導的從句表示的是顯而易見的原因和理由，從句一般放在主句前。 As there was no answer，we wrote him again. 鑒于他沒有回復，我們又給他寫了封信。 (4)for是并列連詞，表示推斷的原因，或?qū)η耙环志溲a充說明理由。for表示這一用法時需放在兩句之間。 It must have

36、rained last night，for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了，因為地面是濕的。 13.—Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to________I’ll see him tomorrow. A．though　　　 B．unless C．when　　　 D．because 解析：　句意為：——你給Fred回電話了嗎？——我沒必要回，因為明天我要去見他。though雖然；unless除非；when當……時；because因為。 答案：　D 14．________you’ve got a cha

37、nce，you might as well make full use of it. A．Now that　　　B．After C．Although　　　D．As soon as 解析：　句意為：既然你得到了一次機會，不妨充分利用它。 答案：　A Ⅰ.完成句子 1．__________________(既然) you’ve finished your homework，you can go and play football to have a rest. 答案：　Now that 2．Do your best in your career，and you’ll succeed

38、 ________________(遲早)． 答案：　in time 3．________________(當心) for his temper！He’s not easy to deal with. 答案：　Watch out 4．Whenever I’m upset，she always has a good idea to make me______________(感到高興)． 答案：　cheer up 5．The first modern robot________________(誕生) in 1954，created by George Davel and opera

39、ted digitally. 答案：　came into existence 6．The government has taken measures to________ the cultural relics__________________(阻止被損壞)． 答案：　prevent；from being damaged Ⅱ.巧思妙解 1．________matters most in learning English is enough practice. A．What　　　　　　　　　　 B．Why C．Where　　　 D．Which 解析：　本題考查名詞性從句的用

40、法。根據(jù)句子的分析，________matters most in learning English是主語部分，is enough practice是謂語部分。再分析主語部分，發(fā)現(xiàn)缺少的是主語，指的是事情，所以應(yīng)該用一個代詞what。 答案：　A 2．________worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. A．This　　　 B．That C．What　　　 D．It 解析：　考查代詞it的用法。用做形式主語。真正的主語是the way。 答案：　D 3．________parents say and do has a l

41、ife-long effect on their children. A．That　　　 B．Which C．What　　　 D．As 解析：　考查名詞性從句。所填詞引導主語從句，引導詞作從句的賓語，指物；用what。 答案：　C 4．________he couldn’t understand was________，as a teacher of Chinese，he was asked to teach history. A．What；that　　　 B．What；what C．What；which　　　 D．Why；how 解析：　第一個空格引導主語從句，且從句缺賓

42、語，故用what，而不用在從句中作狀語的why；第二個空格引導表語從句，且該從句不缺任何成分，故用在表語從句中不作成分的that，而不用在從句中作成分的what，which，how。 答案：　A 5．________is known to us all is that the 2020;2020 Olympic Games will take place in London. A．It　　　 B．What C．As　　　 D．Which 解析：　句意為：我們都知道，2020;2020年奧運會在倫敦舉行。本題是由一個主語從句________is known to us all和一個

43、表語從句that the 2020;2020 Olympic...組成，主語從句中缺少主語，用what指代這一事件，注意本題可以轉(zhuǎn)化為It is known to us all that the 2020;2020 Olympic Games will...(it作形式主語)；以及As is known to us，the 2020;2020 Olympic Games will...(As引導非限制性定語從句)。 答案：　B Ⅲ.語法專練 本單元語法——主語從句 1．Please remember________wins your respect is not your backgr

44、ound but your knowledge and virtues. A．that　　　 B．what C．which　　　 D．where 解析：　考查主語從句。句意為：請記住，為你贏得尊重的不是你的背景，而是你的知識和美德。題干中remember之后為賓語從句，其中，what wins your respect又為主語從句。 答案：　B 2．It is uncertain________side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it. A

45、．that　　　 B．what C．how　　　 D．whether 解析：　句意為：盡管說已經(jīng)有大約兩千名病人服用了這種藥品，但是，這種藥品會帶來什么副作用還不明確。本題考查名詞性從句。本題設(shè)空處須引導主語從句，that 無實際意義，在從句中不作成分；what 什么，在從句中可作主語、賓語和表語，還可修飾名詞作定語；how 如何，多么；在從句中作方式狀語或修飾形容詞；whether 是否，在從句中作狀語，不修飾名詞。side effect 為名詞短語，故須用what 修飾。 答案：　B 3．________young people see and hear in the medi

46、a helps them to figure out how the world works. A．Which　　　 B．That C．What　　　 D．How 解析：　考查主語從句。語境為：年輕人通過媒體聽到的和看到的事情幫助他們了解周圍的世界是如何運轉(zhuǎn)的?！皔oung people see and hear in the media”中動詞see和hear缺少賓語，因此空白處應(yīng)填What。 答案：　C 4．—Mary looks down today.What is up? —Well，________happened between Mary and me is non

47、e of your business. A．wherever　　　B．whoever C．whatever　　　D．no matter what 解析：　whatever引導主語從句，在從句中作主語。 答案：　C 5．(2020;2020·東城第一學期檢測)It makes his life quite different________he has received education abroad. A．that　　　 B．which C．what　　　 D．how 解析：　考查連詞。it作形式主語，that引導的主語從句作真正的主語，that不可以省略。從句部分主謂賓成分齊全，可以排除B、C；how表方式，不符合語境。 答案：　A