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1、2020考前沖刺英語Ⅲ專題05 動詞及動詞短語 【高考預(yù)測】 1.考查特定語境中常用動詞的基本用法和意義； 2.常見近又詞的辨異，拼寫相似動詞的辨異及習(xí)慣搭配等。 3.動詞及動詞短語，不能僅限于《英語教學(xué)大綱》，而應(yīng)著重注意《英語教學(xué)大綱》外出現(xiàn)的頻率較高的詞匯和《英語課程標準》內(nèi)的動詞及短語。 【易錯點點睛】 易錯點點睛 1 考查特定語境中常用動詞的基本用法和意義；常見近義詞的辯異，拼寫相似動詞的辯異及習(xí)慣搭配等。 1.(2020精選模擬)We went to canda to travel and my cousin as our guide. A.played

2、 B.showed C.acted D.performed 【錯誤解答】 A 【正確解答】 C 3.(2020精選模擬)Every body in the village like Jack because he is good at telling and jokes. A.turnin up B.putting up C.making up D.showing up 【錯誤解答】 D或A 【錯解分析】 根據(jù)句意“因為他善長于編故事和講故事。村子里的人都喜歡Jack，”短語make up有“組成、構(gòu)成”的意

3、思。turn up“露面來到”；put up，建造，展示某物； show up，到來，出現(xiàn) 【正確解答】 C 4.(2020精選模擬)We thought of selling this old furniture ,but we’ved ecided to it.It might be valuable. A.hold on to B.keep up with C.turn to D.look after 【錯誤解答】 D 【錯解分析】 解答本題的關(guān)鍵首先要熟悉給予的動詞詞組各自的含義及用法。平時在復(fù)習(xí)、學(xué)習(xí)中要對動詞及動詞短語多

4、積累。學(xué)生可能知道“hold on”的含義“候著，別掛(電話)”，但不知“hold on to”，其含義為“堅持，繼續(xù)；不放棄，不賣掉”。根據(jù)題意“我們本想把這件舊家具賣掉，但是我們決定還是不賣掉它。它可能有價值?！倍鳥項keep up with“跟上”；C項turn to意為“轉(zhuǎn)向；而……求助”；D項look after“照顧”，故答案為A. 【正確解答】 A 5. The idea puzzled me sO much that stopped for a few seconds to try to—. A.make it out B.make it off C.m

5、ake is up D.make it over 【錯誤解答】 D 【錯解分析】 考生出錯的原因主要是因為一方面對句意把握不準，另一方面對題干中項put off,意為“推遲” 【正確解答】C 7.To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it __ into parts. A. down B. up C. off D. out 【錯誤解答】 B 【錯解分析】考生對 break down 與 break up 含義區(qū)別 不明白 “break down” 分解 vt eg

6、. Sugar and starch (淀粉) are broken down in the stomach. “break up” 分開 vi eg. sentences break up into clauses. “break off”與 “break out”后不跟into,故選 A. 【正確解答】 A 【特別提醒】 1.動詞及動詞短語幾乎年年必考，所涉及到的動詞知識都是常用，的常見的。 2.平時要進行大量的閱讀，在閱讀中去理解動語短語get,come,look put,turn,take,send set,carry,call,have,care,pay,hold, kee

7、p,think,hear,make,give,hend,deal,ask等。 3.多記一些常見動詞及短語的含義和用法并學(xué)會在特定語境中靈活運用。以下為常見短語動詞 : 一、動詞 + 介詞/副詞 短語 例句 Act on照……行事 He acts on principles. answer for對……負責(zé) You will answer for what you’ve done. Arm...against帶武器以防 He armed himself against wild animals.

8、agree with同意(某人) I agree with her. agree to同意(建議等) They agreed to the proposal. apree on(in)同意商定(問題，條件等) They agreed on the question. arrive at／in到達(某地) He arrived in Nanjing at five o’clock yesterday mornring. Atm at 瞄準 He aimed the gun at the bird. Ask after 問候 My fater asked after you.

9、 Ask for 請求 The boy asked for more food. borrow．．．from從……借來 He borrowed a like from Mary. believe in 信任 We all believe in her. belong to 屬于 The house belongs to me. burst into突然……起來 She burst into tears at the news. begin at從(頁)開始 Today we shall begin at page 40. Babe...on 根據(jù) he based

10、the conclusion on experiments. beat about the bush繞彎子 Tell me the truth. Don’t beat about the bush. Consist of由……組成 The society consists of five members. congratulate……on祝賀 We congratulated her on winning the contest. come to an end 結(jié)束 The talk come to an end at ten. compare．．．to 把……比作 H

11、e compared the young to the rising sun. compare．．．with同……相比 She compared the blue pen with the red pen. carebr喜歡；照料 He doesn’t care for playing football. Change．．．for用……交換 He changed his radio for a recorder. ChanSe from．．．to從……轉(zhuǎn)到 She changed from team A to team B. clear up 放晴 The weather

12、cleared up in the afternoon. come across偶然碰到 I came across an old friend in the street. come into想出；進入 An idea suddenly came into my mind. ca11 up 打電話 I shall call her up soon. Csll for 叫(人) He will call for you in the evening. call for 為……叫喊 He heard someone calling for help. cdll on 訪問(

13、某人) She will call on a friend on Sunday. cdll on 號召 The Party called on us to study hard. Cure...of 治愈 Fhe medicine cured him of his pain. depend on 依靠 He depended on his mother in life. disagree with與……意見不同 He disagreed with her over the plan. Die of 因……病、饑餓等而死 The man died of cancer. D

14、ie from 因……傷、意外等而死 The died man died from a serious wound. Die for 為……而死 He died for the people. devote to把……用于 she devoted all her money to huvine books. enged in 從事，忙于 He is engaged in writing new book. End with以……結(jié)束 The party ended with dancing. fail in在……失敗 She failed in winning the g

15、ame. find out查明 He has not found out the trouble yet. give up 放棄 Never give up hope. give over克服，渡過 You’ll soon get over your shyness. Get on(／off) 上車(／下車) She got on the bus at Gulou Square. Get on進展 He is getting on well in the work. Get ready for準備好 He has got ready for the journey.

16、Get in 收進 The peasants got in the wheat in May. grow up 長大，發(fā)展 The children have already grown up. give in 投降(讓步) They gave in at last. Get up 起床 She gets up early every morning. Go on 繼續(xù) The meeting went on deep into the night. go all out 竭盡全力 They went all out to build the airport. S

17、o through通過；細察 She went through the book before buying it. go over復(fù)習(xí)，看一遍 She went over the lessons for three times. go down(日，月)落下，下沉 The moon has gone down. go without 放棄，沒有也行 He had to go without food. Hand in交進來 They handed in their papeps. Have nothing to do with 與……無關(guān) He has nothing

18、to do with the matter. Have some thing to do with 與……無關(guān) Does she have anything to do with the case? Head for 朝……去 The ship is heading for the nearest port. Help with 幫助 He helped her with her English. Help...in在……幫助 He helped her in study in English. Hope for 希望(得到) She hoped for Mary to c

19、ome. introduce．．．to．．．介紹 She introduced me to her father. inspire．．．with．．．以……激發(fā) He inspired them with courage. insist on堅持 She insisted on doing it that way. interfere with(in) 妨礙；干涉 Don’t interfere With his work. join in 參加(活動) she also joined in the dancing. join sb. in 加入某人從事 He jo

20、ined us in watering the tees. keep on 繼續(xù) She kept on making experinents. Knock at敲(門等) Someone is knocking at the door. loog for渴望 I’m longing for a letter from him. look up查尋；向上看 He is looking up a new word in the dictionary. look upon．．．a(chǎn)s把……看作 Do you look upon him as a good friend? lea

21、rn．．．by heart 背會 She has learnt it by heart. Leave for動身去 He is leaving for Nanjing next week. look for尋找 The police are looking for the lost car. Lie in 位于 The town lies in the hills. live on 靠……生活，以……為主食 Sheep live on grass. laugh at 對……笑，嘲笑 Don’t laugh at others. look throut 翻閱；瀏覽 Th

22、e boy looked through the picture book. Mix．．．with 同……混合 Oil and water can’t mix with each other. meetwith 遇到 She met with some difficulties. make up one’s mind 決定 He has made up his mind what to say. Owe to 歸功于 He owed all his success to his parents. Operate on為……手術(shù) He operated on the woun

23、ded soldier. Put．．．into 把……放入 She put the book into the bag. play with 玩 The boy played with a toy tank. Put up 舉起 They put up their hands. Put up掛起 She put up a picture on the wall. Put off 推達 The match is put off owing to the rain. Point out 指出 The teacher pointed out his mistakes.

24、 preside over 主持(會議) Who is to preside over the meeting? present...with 贈送 He presented her with a gold watch. Put．．．a(chǎn)cross 使理解(相信) She didn’t put the meaning across very well. Prevent．．．from 阻止 The snow prevented him from coming. persist in 堅持 He persisted in doing that. Put...into pr

25、actice實施 We shall put the plan into practice. quarrel over 為……爭吵 They quarrelled over the property. quarrel with 同……爭吵 She quanelled with her mother. Reply to 答復(fù) He hasn’t replied to me yet. recover from 恢復(fù) She has recovered from her illness. Rely on 依靠 He relied on his daughter in

26、the past. refrain from 設(shè)法不，忍住 Please refrain from smoking. Rob...of...搶走 The pain robbed him of sleep. Run over 輾過去 The bus run over his legs. result from 由……引起 His illness results from overeating. result in 導(dǎo)致 Overeating results in his illness. Remember sb.to代問好 Please remember me to yo

27、ur mother. Set about 著手干 They set about the work at once. Set out 出發(fā) They set out at dawn. succeed in 成功 He succeeded in passing the exam. Speak off 說到 She once spoke of the book to me. Supply...with提供 They supplied the soldiers with weapons. share in分擔(dān)(享) He shared in her joys and sorro

28、ws. share sth with sb 與某人共同使用 She shared a room with others. settle in安頓下來 He settled in a small town. See through 看透 I have already seen through the man. See to it 保證 See to it that the work is done well. send for 派人請 We have sent for the doctor. Stand by 支持 We’ll stand by you in your

29、hour of need. Stand of 代表 What does “U.S,” stand far? spend．．．on花費 She spent a lot of money on books. show around 帶…參觀 He showed the guests around the city. talk about 談?wù)? what are you taking about ? over 渡過 lie has tided over his illness. turn against 背叛 She will never turn against he

30、r country. turn into 變成 Water can turn into gas. turn to 翻到，轉(zhuǎn)向 Please turn to page 10. think of 想念 We think of you all the time. think about(of) 考慮 They are thinking about buying it. turn on 打開 Please turn on the radio. turn off 關(guān)掉 Please turn off the lights in the room. tell．．．from

31、 區(qū)分 I can’t tell her from her sister. take off 脫去 She asked him to take off the cost. turn out 關(guān)掉 He forgot to turn out the gas. turn out 生產(chǎn) The factory turns ont 100 cars per day. turn round 繞著…轉(zhuǎn) The earth turns round the sun. turn up 出現(xiàn) He didn’t turn up until eleven o’clock.

32、 to begin with 首先 To begin with,we are short of money. wait for 等待 We shall wait for you at the school gate. watch out for提防 We should watch out for the enemy. write to給……寫信 He wrote to me last week. wake up 醒來 She usually wakes up at five. wipe out 消滅 The enemy troops have been wiped

33、out. watch over 照看 The old should watch over the young. 二、過去分詞 + 介詞 （這類短語常同連系動詞連用） 短 語 例句 be absorbed in全神貫注于 he is absorbed in reading. be brudened with負重 he is burdened with a heavy load. be connected with同……有關(guān)，同……有聯(lián)系 He is no longer connected with the company. be covered with覆蓋 T

34、he road is covered with snow. be crowded with 擠滿 She is dressed in red. be dressed in穿著 She is dressed in red. be engaged to與……訂婚 Mary is engaged to John. be equipped with 裝備 He is experienced in mending bikes. be experienced in對……有經(jīng)驗 He is experienced in mending bikes. be filled with 填

35、滿 The hole is filled with ants. be furnished with 提供，布置 They are furnished with enough food. be interested in對……有興趣 He is interested in the picture. be joined to連接，結(jié)合 One pipe is joined to another. be known as因……而知名 He is known as a painter.. be known for因……而出名 The hill is known for the t

36、emple be looked on as作為…看待 He is looked on as their leader. be made into被制成，使成為 The boy was made into an artist. be made up of由……構(gòu)成 A car is made up of many different parts. be married to與……結(jié)婚 She is married to a musician. be pleased with對……喜歡，滿意 He is pleased with the work. be prepar

37、ed for準備好 They are prepared for the journey. be regarded as被認為 He is regarded as the greatest poet. be satisfied with對……滿意 I am satisfied with your answer. be ashamed of對……感到羞愧 She is ashamed of her action. be tired of(sth)對……厭煩 He is tired of this kind of life. be terrified at被……嚇一跳 He i

38、s rerrified at the snake. 三、動詞 + 名詞 +介詞 短語 例句 apply one’s mind to專心于 He applied his mind to study. catch sight of瞧見，看見 I caught sight of her just now. catch(take)hold of抓住 He caught hold of the girl by the hand. devote oneself to獻身于，專心于 She devotes herself to eaching. devote one’

39、s life to為……獻身 He devotes his life to the research. do(great)harm to對……危害(大) The rain has done great harm to the crops. do(great)wrong to冤枉，委屈 Don’t do wrong to an innocent person. feel pity for對……感到憐憫 He felt pity for the poor girl. Fix one’s eyes on 凝視 He fixed his eyes on the girl. f

40、orm the habit of 養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣 He has formed the habit of getting up early. Get a good hold of 抓牢 He got a good hold of the rope. Get in touch with 同……取得聯(lián)系 I got in touch with her by phone. Get ird of 除去，擺脫 She has got rid of the had abit. give dvice on提出……建議 He gave advice on city planning.

41、 have none of不允許，不接受 He will have none of your empty promise. have trust in 相信 She had trust in him. have (no) difficulty in (沒)有困難 He has difficultjy in doing the work . have a word with同……談話 I want to have a word with you. have trouble in 在……有麻煩 She had trouble in the matter. have a lo

42、ok at 看一下 Let me have a good at it. have words with 同……口角(爭吵) He had words with his wife. have (show) interest in 對……有興趣 He has great intertst in this kind of film. have(deep)effect on 對……有(深遠)影響 The book has great effect on his life. have mercy on 同情，憐憫 He has no mercy on the poor old man

43、. have(take)pity on 同情 He has great pity on the sick boy. have the honour of有幸…… he has the honour of meeting her there. help oneself to請吃；自用 Please help yourself to some fruit. keep a record of記錄 She kept a record of her daily life. make friends with 同……交朋友 He made fridnds with a foreign

44、girl. make fun of取笑 Don’t make fun of him. make(the)best use of 充分利用 They make the best use of the money. make(good，full)use of (很好，充分)利用 You shold make good use of your time. make an apology to向……道歉 He made an apology to her. make one’s way to走向 He made his way to the house. make prepara

45、tions for 準備 She is making preparations for the holiday. make a dive for 猛沖 The dog make a dive for the bone. make a mistake about為……產(chǎn)生誤會 Don’t made a mistake about her. make a study of 研究，學(xué)習(xí) I shall make a study of the plan. Pay attention to 注意 He paid much attention to her life. pass a j

46、udgement on判決…… The court passed a judgement on the case. Put one’s heart and soul into全神貫注于 She put her heart and sould into the work. Set fire to放火、點火 They set fire to the home. Show respect for 尊敬 They show respect for the old. show mercy ot 同情 Never show mercy to the enemy. Say good-b

47、ey to 向……道別 They said good-bey to each other. Say hello to 打招呼 He said hello to the students. Set an example to樹立榜樣 He set an example to the young. shake hands with握手 They shook hands with each other. take aim at 瞄準 He took careful aim at the other. take the side of 支持，站在一邊 They took th

48、e side on the government. throw light on 闡明，使人明白 His explanation threw light on the poem. take pride in 因……而自豪 She took pride in her success. take part in 參加 They took an active part in sports. take delight in 以……為樂 He tood great delight in travel. take a message for捎個口信 Please take a mess

49、age for her. 四、動詞 + 副詞 + 介詞 短語 例句 Add up to 總計為 The income adds up to 1000 dollars. break away from 改掉，與……脫離關(guān)系 he has broken away from the bad habit. be up to應(yīng)由……，輪到…… It is up to her to answer the question. Cut down on 削減 He has cut down on expese. catch up with 趕上 I can catchup with t

50、hem. beat down on 直射 The sun beats down on the earth. come up to達到(標準)比得上 The result didn’t come up to our expectations. Com up against 遭到(反對、困難) The plan came up with them. do well in在……做得好 He does well in the work. drop in on 順便來訪 He drops in on us sometimes. do away with 廢除 They have

51、 done away with the old law. face up to面對，承擔(dān) We must face up to the fact. Fit in with 適合，符合 The clothes fit in with her. fall back on 依靠 He has a good friend to fall back on. Get through with 完成，花光 They have got through with the work. Get down to 開始認真做 Let’s get down to business. Get on(

52、along)with 進展，相處 He got on well with people here. Get out of 從……出來，擺脫 He got out of debt. go on with 繼續(xù) They went on with the meeting. go ahead of 先行 He went ahead of them. go back of 背信，背棄 He went back on his promise. Got out of從……出來 A rabbit went out of the hole. go in for參加，愛好 He ha

53、s gone in for the long jump. grow out of 產(chǎn)生自 The tall tree grows out of a small seed. go ahead with進行，繼續(xù)下去 He went ahead with the work and got it done. keep up with 跟上 She can’t keep up with others. live up to 不辜負 We shall live up to his teachings. look out for 提防，照看 Look out for cars

54、 when crossing the street. look up to尊敬，仰望 They all looked up to him as their leader. look back upon 回顧 He likes to look back upon his school days. look down upon不輕視，重視 Don’t look down upon him. look forward to 盼望 Don’t look down upon him. Put up with 忍受，容忍 I just can’t put up with that ki

55、nd of man. Run up against 遇到 We often run up against new words. Ran out of 用完 I have run out of ink. think higlly of 高度評價 They think highly of his new novel. watch out for 當(dāng)心，提防 Watch out for thieves in the street. work hard at 努力于 He works hard at his lessons. 五、動詞 + 介詞 短語 例句 arrive a

56、t a conclnsion得出結(jié)論 They arrived at a conclusion at last. burst into pieces 成為碎片 The glass has burst into pieces. burst into tears 突然大哭 She burst into tears at the news. burst into laughter突然大笑 The girls burst into laughter. come to sb’s help (aid)前來援助某人 Some boys came to her help.

57、come to the rescue前來營救 The firemen came to the rescue. come into use開始使用，實施 The new tool come into use two years ago. come into power當(dāng)權(quán)，執(zhí)政 The king came into power last year. come into effect開始生效 The new rule will come into effect soon. come into being產(chǎn)生，建立 The custom came into being long l

58、ong ago. come into light發(fā)亮 The star came into light at dawn. come to conclusion得出結(jié)論 They will come to a conclusion. do up one’s hair梳理頭發(fā) She is doing up her hair. Fly into a temper耍脾氣 He flew into a tempr at her words. Get into trouble陷入麻煩 He has got into trouble in business. Get in a wor

59、d插話 Don’t get in a word. help sb. to one’s feet幫助某人站起來 They helped her to her feet. make up one’s mind下決心 He has made up his mind to do it. play away one’s time虛度光陰 The man played away his time. plunge into sorrow使陷入悲傷 He was plunged into deelp sorrow. Put sth. to use使用，利用 You should put

60、the dictionary to a good use. Set to work開始工作 They set to work after a rest. take on a new look呈現(xiàn)新面貌 The town has taken on a new look. 【變式探究】 1 The listening test is __ to show your ability at listening for specific information. A. operated B. referred C. intended

61、 D. requested. 答案: C 解析:intend sb/sth to do“打算讓……做……”. 2 Nobody can __ how he managed to work it out. A. imagine B. expect C. think D. speak 答案: A 6 —The car, travelling at to miles an hour, just __the man and ran into an office window. —What a narrow escape! A

62、. killed B. failed C. missed D. injured 答案: C 解析:從后文a narrow escape(九死一生)判斷只能用miss，表示“錯過”。 【難點突破】 難點 1 動詞及動詞短語，不能僅限于《英語教學(xué)大綱》，而應(yīng)著重注意《英語教學(xué)大綱》外出現(xiàn)的頻率較高的詞匯和《英語課程標準》內(nèi)的動詞及短語； 1.It is certain that he will his business to his son when he gets old. A. take over B. think

63、 over C. hand over D. go over 【答案】 A 【變式探究】 1 Her lost eyesight was __ by her sharp sense of hearing. A. made up for B. made out C. made up of D. made up 答案: A 解析:make up for彌補。 2 People with loud voices really __ me A. turn; in B.

64、 turn; down C. turn; on D. turn, off. 答案: D 解析:turn off使…討厭；反感。 【典型習(xí)題導(dǎo)練】 I．單項選擇 1 We are going to __ with some frieffds for a picnic. Would you like to join us? A. get in B. get over C. get along D. get together 答案: D 解析:got tegether相聚；聚會。

65、 2 He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was from the outside world. A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through 答案: B 解析:cut off切斷；斷絕。他感覺似乎與外界斷絕了聯(lián)系。 3 If anybody calls,tell them I’m not in, and ask them to their name and address. A. pas

66、s B. write C. take D. leave 答案: D 6 The texi driver often reminds passengers to __ their belongings when they leave the car. A. keep B. catch C. hold D. take 答案: D 解析:take拿走。乘客下車時要把東西帶走。 7 It is so nice to hear from her. __, We last met more than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案: D 解析:Believe it or not信不信由你。What’s more 另外。 8 —Wh