2020屆高中英語(yǔ) 5年高考3年模擬 專題09 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣(浙江專版)
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1、2020屆英語(yǔ)科5年高考3年模擬[浙江專版] 專題09 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣 一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有情態(tài)意義,即它所表示的是說(shuō)話人對(duì)動(dòng)作的觀點(diǎn),如需要、可能、意愿或懷疑等。 1.?????? 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的各種變化,只有could, would, had to, might等幾個(gè)過(guò)去式。其它如must, ought to 等的過(guò)去式皆與現(xiàn)在式同形。 2. 大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有多個(gè)意義。如can可表“能夠”“可能”“允許”等。 3.?????? 在用法上,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng)詞一樣,須后接動(dòng)詞原形,構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)語(yǔ)。 4.?????? 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can,could, may, migh
2、t, will, would, shall, should, ought to, must, need, dare, used to 共十三種形式,不同的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所表示的意義并不是相互排斥的,同一個(gè)意義常??梢杂蓭讉€(gè)不同的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以相同或不同的程度表示出來(lái)。另一方面,同一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在同一個(gè)句子中可能表示不同的意義,在沒(méi)有上下文的情況下,句子可能出現(xiàn)歧義。如:He can’t come.他不能來(lái)。句中can’t既可能表示說(shuō)話人不允許,又可能表示主語(yǔ)無(wú)能力。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表示多種意義的同時(shí),相互之間既有聯(lián)系,又有區(qū)別,前十個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的聯(lián)系大體圍繞著兩個(gè)方面:一是行為的自由(包括能力、允許和義務(wù)),二是
3、推測(cè)。它們之間的區(qū)別則體現(xiàn)在行為自由程度(degrees of freedom to act)的大小,和推測(cè)把握性的大小。在這兩個(gè)方面,最小和最大的都是might和must,如:You might do it for me, please. 請(qǐng)你為我做這件事。(近似請(qǐng)求的命令) You must do it for me. 你必須為我做這件事。(不容違抗的命令) That might be Tom. 那或許是湯姆。(把握性最?。? That must be Tom. 那肯定是湯姆。(抉擇性最大) (1)Can / could的用法 1.? 1. 表能夠。 can 是現(xiàn)在式,多用于指現(xiàn)
4、在或?qū)?lái)。如: He can speak English. 他能說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 Can you speak German? 會(huì)說(shuō)德語(yǔ)嗎? Could是過(guò)去式,多用于指過(guò)去。如: I said that I could go.我說(shuō)我能去。 但could亦可用于指現(xiàn)在,表虛擬語(yǔ)氣,或作為can的委婉形式。如: If I could go, I should be glad.假如我能去,那我就會(huì)很高興。(表虛擬語(yǔ)氣) Could I help you? 我能幫你干點(diǎn)什么?(比Can I help you?委婉) 2.表可能。如: The moon can not always be
5、at the full. Can 表可能時(shí)可指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。如: What can he mean? 他可能是什么意思呢?(疑問(wèn)句)。 表可能時(shí),could可指過(guò)去。如: He said he couldn’t agree more. Could與完成式連用,則指過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作。如: It could have been seen from here if it had not been so dark. 如果天不那么黑,你可能從這兒望見(jiàn)它的。 3.表允許。如: You can borrow my bike tomorrow. 明天你可以借用我的自行車(chē)。 Could指現(xiàn)在時(shí),
6、僅用于疑問(wèn)句表更委婉的要求。如: Could I request an interview? 我可以要求面試嗎? 表允許和推測(cè)時(shí),只是could語(yǔ)氣較為委婉,含義較不確定。如: Can I use your pen? 我可以借用你的筆嗎?(表允許); Could I use your pen? (較為委婉)。 (2)have (to)與have got (to)的用法 have可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞,在做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),have表示擁有時(shí),可與have got連用。例如: We have got a new car. have在表示動(dòng)作和經(jīng)歷時(shí),不能和got連用。例如: I hav
7、e breakfast. Have作助動(dòng)詞時(shí),與過(guò)去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),此時(shí)亦不能和got連用。 Have 還可做為使役動(dòng)詞。例如: I now have the problem solved. Have to 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,是必須、不得不的意思,在肯定句中可與got連用。例如: I’ve got to get to a business meeting. 但在借助助動(dòng)詞do,構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句中,就不能在不定式符號(hào)前got。Did you have to do it tomorrow? 二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議,而不表示
8、客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是通過(guò)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示的。因此,掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣所使用的各種謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式變化是掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣的關(guān)鍵。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本形式共有七種: 1)? 1) 動(dòng)詞原形,用于一切人稱和數(shù)。如: If that be so, we shall take action at once. 如果情況是那樣,我們就立刻采取行動(dòng)。 May you succeed! 祝您成功! 2)? 2) 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式,用于一切人稱和數(shù),be的過(guò)去式用were,如: If I were in your shoes, I’d accept the terms. 假若我處在你的地位,我就會(huì)接受這些
9、條件。 3)? 3) had+過(guò)去分詞,用于一切人稱和數(shù)。如: If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train. 4)? 4) 助動(dòng)詞should+動(dòng)詞原形,用于一切人稱和數(shù)。如: They suggested that we should meet at the station.他們建議我們?cè)谲?chē)站會(huì)面。 5)? 5) 助動(dòng)詞should + have+過(guò)去分詞,用于一切人稱和數(shù)。 It is strange that she should have done it. 6)? 6) 助動(dòng)詞should(第一人稱)
10、和would(第二、三人稱)+ 動(dòng)詞原形。如: If I were you, I should take his advice.我如是你,就會(huì)聽(tīng)他的忠告。(美國(guó)英語(yǔ)常用would代替should)。 7)? 7) 助動(dòng)詞should(第一人稱)和would(第二、三人稱)+ have + 過(guò)去分詞。如: If father hadn’t sent me, I shouldn’t have come. 三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件從句中的用法: 所指時(shí)間為現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were),主句用should/would be 型;所指時(shí)間為過(guò)去時(shí),從句用had been 型,主句
11、用should/would have been 型;所指時(shí)間為將來(lái)時(shí),從句用should be 或were型,主句用should/would be 型,例如: If he had time, he would/could/might go with you. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬)如果他有時(shí)間,他就會(huì)/能和你去。 If I had had the money last year, I should/would/could/might have bought a house. (對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬)如果我去年有了這筆錢(qián),我就會(huì)/可能買(mǎi)一所房子了。 If there should be/were
12、/were to be something wrong, they would/could/might let you know at once. (對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬)如果出了什么事,他們會(huì)/可能馬上告訴你。 如果條件從句中有were, had 或should,可以把if省略,把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前,構(gòu)成主謂倒裝,如:Were I you (=If I were you),I would not do it.我要是你,我就不做這事。Were I to meet him tomorrow (=If I were to meet him tomorrow), I should ask him
13、 about it. 要是我明天見(jiàn)到他,我會(huì)問(wèn)他這件事的。Had he been more careful(=If he had been more careful),such mistakes could have been avoided. 如果他細(xì)心一些,這種錯(cuò)誤本來(lái)是可以避免的。 四、在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法 虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用在以It is/was 開(kāi)頭的復(fù)合句的主語(yǔ)從句中,表示命令、要求、建議等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為should be型或be型虛擬形式,在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中常用be型,如:It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必
14、要馬上派他到那里去。 常用于主句中的形容詞和過(guò)去分詞有:advisable, appropriate, best, better, compulsory, crucial, desirable, fitting, imperative, important, obligatory, preferable, proper, decided, ordered, recommended, requested, required等。 五、在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法主要有三種情況: 1.???? 1.??? 在某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,表示命令、要求、建議,形式為shoul
15、d be 型或be型,在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中常用be型,如: He insisted that his daughter (should) come. 他堅(jiān)持要他女兒來(lái)。 He ordered that the letter (should) be mailed at once. 他吩咐馬上把這封信寄出。 常用于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有:ask, decide, demand, desire, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest, urge等。 2.???? 2.??? 在以it為形式賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,
16、表示要求、建議等。 I think it advisable that be (should) have his car serviced. 我覺(jué)得他請(qǐng)人檢修一下汽車(chē)是明智的。 We consider it imperative that a meeting(should) be held immediately. 我們認(rèn)為必須馬上開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)。 3.???? 3.??? 在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中:表示與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反、或?qū)τ趯?lái)的主觀愿望,從句通常省略連詞that。 1)??????????????? 1) 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:用were型虛擬形式,如:I wish I kne
17、w his address. 2)??????????????? 2) 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬:通常用had been 型虛擬形式,如:I wish/wished I hadn’t spent so much money. 3)??????????????? 3) 表示對(duì)于將來(lái)的主觀愿望:謂語(yǔ)形式為would+不帶to的不定式。I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停下來(lái)。 有不少情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 It might help a little if only you would keep clean. If my parents couldn’t
18、accept him, I would elope with him. 考點(diǎn)解析 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的解題技巧: (1) 認(rèn)真審題,結(jié)合所給出的語(yǔ)境,正確把握說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣、情感、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。 (2) 認(rèn)真思考所給選項(xiàng)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本特征和用法,并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境推敲答案。 (3) 要注意把握時(shí)間概念。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)論是表達(dá)“推測(cè)和可能性”,還是表達(dá)“虛擬”這一概念,只要是對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行描述,一律用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”這一結(jié)構(gòu);對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的事情進(jìn)行描述,用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞原形”。例如: Thank you for all your hard work last w
19、eek. I don’t think we ______ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 根據(jù)題干中所給出的時(shí)間last week可知我們已經(jīng)做完了工作,已經(jīng)完成,故排除A、C兩項(xiàng),再結(jié)合could have done表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣以及與前面的I don’t think…,故說(shuō)話者想表達(dá)的意思是:離開(kāi)了你,我們本不可能完成這項(xiàng)工作。故答案為B項(xiàng)。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法歸類與高考試題分析: (一)表示
20、推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況推測(cè),用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do / be / be doing…;對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè),用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done / been…;表示肯定推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞按可能性大小依次為 must, should / ought to, may, might, could;否定推測(cè),常用can’t / couldn’t,譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”,表示推測(cè)的語(yǔ)氣非??隙?,may not, might not或could not譯為“可能不”、“也許不”,表示推測(cè)的語(yǔ)氣不很肯定。 (1) must表示推測(cè),意為“一定……”,只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意為:一
21、定做過(guò)某事或某事肯定發(fā)生了。 例如: —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. —I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 【解析】句意為:她看上去很高興,一定是通過(guò)了考試。【答案】C (2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根據(jù)常規(guī)或常識(shí)推測(cè),表示“某事應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該發(fā)生”,語(yǔ)氣比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。
22、例如:—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 【解析】should此處表示推測(cè),意為“應(yīng)該”?!敬鸢浮緾 ②There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the drivi
23、ng school. A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 【解析】句意:既然你在駕校進(jìn)行了大量訓(xùn)練,那么通過(guò)道路測(cè)試按理不應(yīng)該有困難C (3) can, could表達(dá)推測(cè)時(shí),一般用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中;can用于肯定句中表示一種理論上的可能性,并不牽涉是否真的會(huì)發(fā)生,在這種用法中can只能與動(dòng)詞原形連用;could用于肯定句中,語(yǔ)氣比may/ might更弱。 ①You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldn’
24、t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t ②She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ③It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ____ be rather cold sometime. A. must B. can C. should D. would ④
25、Peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must 【解析】①② 兩個(gè)考題中can用于中表示否定的推測(cè),意為:不可能,一定不會(huì); ③④兩個(gè)考題中can表示理論上的可能性,翻譯為:有時(shí)候會(huì)……。 【答案】① B ② A ③ B ④ C (4)may (not) / might (not)表達(dá)一種不太把握的推測(cè),意為“或許,可能”;might的語(yǔ)氣比may較婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如: ① Liza _
26、__ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may 【解析】may well為固定搭配,意為:很可能,極有可能?!敬鸢浮浚? ② Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should 【解析】這聽(tīng)起來(lái)或許是一項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù),但卻需要極大的細(xì)心。【答案】B ③—I
27、 can’t find my purse anywhere. —You __ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would 【解析】結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,回答者是在提醒對(duì)方:或許購(gòu)物時(shí)把錢(qián)包丟了?!敬鸢浮緼 (二)表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 對(duì)過(guò)去的一種結(jié)果的假設(shè)或虛擬,用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done這一結(jié)構(gòu),常用的有以下幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: (1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本(不)應(yīng)該做某事,但卻沒(méi)有做或做了,含有責(zé)備或后悔之意。例如: —I’m
28、 sorry. I _________at you the other day. —Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout C. mustn’t have shouted 【解析】對(duì)不起,我那天本不應(yīng)該對(duì)你大喊大叫的?!敬鸢浮緽 (2) could have done本來(lái)能夠做某事但未做。例如: Thank you for all your hard work last week.
29、I don’t think we ______ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 【解析】根據(jù)題干中所給出的時(shí)間last week可知我們已經(jīng)做完了工作,已經(jīng)完成,故排除A、C兩項(xiàng),再結(jié)合could have done表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣以及與前面的I don’t think…,故說(shuō)話者想表達(dá)的意思是:離開(kāi)了你,我們本不可能完成這項(xiàng)工作。【答案】B (3) needn’t have done本沒(méi)有必要做某
30、事但卻做了。要注意needn’t do則表達(dá)“沒(méi)有必要去做某事”,時(shí)間上應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。例如: ①—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks. You ________ it. I could manage it myself. A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done 【解析】根據(jù)句意可知Catherine對(duì)對(duì)方為她打掃了房間表示感謝并提到對(duì)方不必為她打掃房間?!敬鸢浮緽 ②T
31、he boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 【解析】老板給所有的員工放了假,所以我們明天不必再去上班?!敬鸢浮緾 (4)would (not) have done本來(lái)(不)會(huì)發(fā)生某事,但卻(發(fā)生了)或沒(méi)有發(fā)生。常用于虛擬條件句或含蓄虛擬條件引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生事情結(jié)果的假設(shè)。例如: He hesitated for a moment before
32、 kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 【解析】句中otherwise為含蓄條件,相當(dāng)于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,這是對(duì)過(guò)去的一種虛擬假設(shè)?!敬鸢浮緿 (5) might have done表示“本來(lái)可能……”,但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事。例如: (NMET2020江西)What a pity!
33、Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done 【解析】真是可惜!考慮到他的能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn),他本來(lái)可以做得更好的?!敬鸢浮緿 (三)表達(dá)“情感、態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣” 等方面的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1. must表達(dá)“情感、態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣”主要有以下用法: (1) 表示主觀的義務(wù)和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句,意思為“必須……,得……,要……”;由m
34、ust引起的疑問(wèn)句,肯定回答要用must或have to, 否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。另外,must與have to都可以表示“必須”這一含義。must表示一種主觀的需要,而have to表示一種客觀的需要,意思是“不得不”,其否定形式是don’ have to。 例如: -What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? --Well, it ______ be big--that's not important. A. mustn't B. needn't C.
35、 can't D. won't 【解析】Something big?此處意為:Must it be big? 回答者的意思是:房子不必太大—那并不重要?!敬鸢浮緽
36、 (2) must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止,意思是“不能,不許”。例如: (2020上海春)When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches A. wouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. daren't 【解析】當(dāng)我年輕的時(shí)候,(家人)就一直告誡我千萬(wàn)不要玩火柴。【答案】C (3) must用于條件句或疑問(wèn)句中,可以用來(lái)表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩,意思為“偏要,硬要、干嘛”。例如: ①—May I smok
37、e here ? —If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should?? B. could?? C. may?? D. must ②John, look at the time. ________ you play the piano at such a late hour? A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need 【解析】must在這兩道試題中均表示“非得,偏要”?!敬鸢浮竣?D ② A 2. should (1) should應(yīng)該
38、,表示“責(zé)任和義務(wù)”。例如: (NMET2020上海) According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should 【解析】should此處表示根據(jù)交通法規(guī)應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任和義務(wù)?!敬鸢浮緿 (2) 在虛擬條件句中用以加強(qiáng)假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣,表示“與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)”,用 If+主語(yǔ)+ should +動(dòng)詞原形,當(dāng)“萬(wàn)一(會(huì))”講。這時(shí)可省略if,將should提到句首,變?yōu)榈寡b句式。請(qǐng)看下面的例子:
39、 If it should rain (=Should it rain) tomorrow, I would stay at home.萬(wàn)一明天下雨的話,我就待在家里。再如: ________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 【解析】句意:萬(wàn)一你被解雇,給你的醫(yī)療救助和其它方面的福利
40、也不會(huì)被取消。答案B (3) should還可以用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某事不能理解、趕到意外、驚異等意思,譯為“竟然,竟會(huì)”。例如: You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ___ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would 【解析】句意:你想象不到這么一個(gè)表現(xiàn)良好的紳士竟然會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)女士這么粗魯。答案C 3. shall (1) shall用于第一和第三人稱,常用于疑問(wèn)句中,用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。例如: ①—What’s the n
41、ame? —Khulaifi. _________ I spell it for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 【答案】A (2) 用于第二和第三人稱,表示“命令、威脅、警告、允諾、”等。例如: —Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report. —You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it . A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t
42、 D. shouldn’t 【解析】shall此處表示“警告”?!敬鸢浮緼 (3) shall也用于宣布法律、規(guī)定的要求。例如: ①—What does the sign over there read? —“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.” A. will B. may C. shall D. must 【解析】禁止吸煙是此處的規(guī)定?!敬鸢浮緾 4. can (1) can可以用來(lái)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度,
43、主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中。How ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may 【答案】A (2) can也可以用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求或許可。例如: —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. ______I go out and play with Tom for a
44、 while? —No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t C. May D. Won’t【答案】A (3) can可以表達(dá)一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表達(dá)能力,但常用來(lái)表達(dá)在某件事情中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的能力,尤指克服困難能夠完成某事。例如: ① If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldn’t??
45、????? B. shouldn’t???????? C. can’t??????? D. might not ② (97) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 【答案】C D 5. would (1)will與would可表示“意愿;意志 ”。 John promised his doctor he _____ not smoke and he ha
46、s never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would 【解析】根據(jù)promise可知此處是John向醫(yī)生表明自己的意志?!敬鸢浮緿 (2) would表示過(guò)去傾向性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。used to 也有這一用法,但used to即可用來(lái)表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,也可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)。例如: ① (上海)When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A.
47、would B. should C. had better D. might ② (安徽)In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________. A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be 第一題would指過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作;第二題it 替代life, used to be 指過(guò)去的樣子。A D 五年高考 A組
48、 2020年全國(guó)高考題組 1.【2020浙江卷,19】Had they known what was coming next, they________ second thoughts. A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had 【考點(diǎn)】虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 【答案】D 【解析】本句是一個(gè)倒裝句,可還原為:if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根據(jù)had known提示,可知是與過(guò)
49、去事實(shí)相反,因此虛擬語(yǔ)氣主句中應(yīng)該用would/might +have done,由此可見(jiàn)答案D符合語(yǔ)境。 2.【2020江西卷,22】We have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner. A.may not B.needn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 【解析】may not不可以,needn’t不需要,can't不可能, mustn't絕不可能 本句句意為:既然Suzie不和我們一起吃晚飯,所以我們就不需要買(mǎi)這么多食物。
50、 3.【[2020湖南,29】Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】此題考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 【解析】從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 一般過(guò)去式表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè) 4.【2020重慶卷,25】-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone? -So
51、rry Sir, but it’s urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would 【考點(diǎn)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法 【答案】 C 【解析】句意:“——你現(xiàn)在一定要打斷我嗎?難道你不能看到我在打電話嗎?——對(duì)不起,先生,事情很急?!备鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境結(jié)合選項(xiàng)的詞義,C選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此,正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。 5.【2020遼寧卷,24】 One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might
52、 B. could C. shall D. will 【考點(diǎn)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 【答案】C 【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。這兒是說(shuō)根據(jù)學(xué)校規(guī)定學(xué)生在校時(shí)都必須要穿校服。 6.【2020四川卷,19】I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China. A. must B. might C. can
53、 D. should 【答案】 B 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 【解析】句意為:我靠他們足夠的近以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們說(shuō)漢語(yǔ),而且我會(huì)像我在中國(guó)可能做的那樣說(shuō)“你好”。might表示“可能”。故選B。 7.【2020陜西卷,17】If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 【解析】根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
54、可知題干是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done,選B。 8.【2020北京卷,33】 We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 【答案】 C。 【考點(diǎn)】虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn),對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬,本能……。 【解析】虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn),對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬,本能……。 9.【2020全國(guó)II,17】I’m going to Europe on vaca
55、tion together with John if I _______ find the money. A. can B. might C. would D. need 【答案】A 【解析】此處考查了can的本意“能”,表示“能力”。句意:我要和John一起去歐洲度假,如果我能找到錢(qián)。 【考點(diǎn)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 B組 2020年全國(guó)高考題組 1.【2020浙江卷,11】——How’s your new babysitter? ——We ________ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much
56、. A. should B. might C. mustn‘t D. couldn’t 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 【解析】句意為“——你的新保姆怎么樣?——找不到更好的了。我們的孩子們很喜歡她?!眘hould應(yīng)該;might可能,可以;mustn‘t禁止;couldn’t不可能。根據(jù)句意選D。 2.【2020北京卷,24】——I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? ——Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his
57、plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 【解析】句意為“——我真不喜歡James。你為何請(qǐng)了他?——?jiǎng)e擔(dān)心。他可能來(lái)不了。他說(shuō)他的計(jì)劃還沒(méi)安排好?!鳖}干中的he wasn’t certain說(shuō)明他可能不來(lái),可能來(lái),因此使用不完全否定might not。選D。 3.【2020天津卷,15】I sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B.
58、 was coming C. would come D. would have come 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。 【解析】句意為“我本來(lái)可以早點(diǎn)來(lái),但我真不知道他們?cè)诘任??!眀ut I didn’t know表示了過(guò)去時(shí)間,因此前句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬,用主語(yǔ)+should / would / could / might + have done表達(dá),故選D。 4.【2020上海春招,27】Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real wor
59、ld. A. mustn’t B. won’t C. mightn’t D. shouldn’t 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 【解析】句意為“現(xiàn)在一些年輕人就是不愿意走出家門(mén)接觸真正的世界。”mustn’t禁止,不允許;won’t不愿意,就是不,偏不,具有主觀性;mightn’t可能不;shouldn’t不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意選B。 5.【2020江蘇卷,34】——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. ——How unbelievable to g
60、et it back! I mean, someone ______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。 【解析】句意為“——我把我的手提包落在火車(chē)上了。但幸運(yùn)的是,有人拾到交給了鐵路部門(mén)?!Ф鴱?fù)得,簡(jiǎn)直難以置信!我是說(shuō),本來(lái)可能有人會(huì)偷了去?!眞ill have done將來(lái)可以完成,must have done一定做過(guò)某事,表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè),都與題意不符。should hav
61、e done本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事,而實(shí)際沒(méi)做,這就意味著希望有人偷包。might have stolen 過(guò)去可能做過(guò),語(yǔ)氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)或不肯定,根據(jù)句意選B。 6.【2020福建卷,25】——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? ——I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting . A. will B. must C. may D. can 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 【解析】句意為“——需要我現(xiàn)
62、在就通知他計(jì)劃有變嗎?——恐怕你得這樣做,以防他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到。”must (表示必要、命令或強(qiáng)制)必須,得。根據(jù)后半句,選B。 7. 【2020浙江卷】Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . A.would have been saved B.had been saved C.will be saved D.was saved 【答案】A 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 【解析】根據(jù)句子的倒裝特征判斷此處是省略了if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 原形是:If I
63、had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故選擇A。句意為:如果我早知道這個(gè)電腦程序, 就可以節(jié)省大量的時(shí)間和精力了。 8.【2020浙江卷】 “You ____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.” A. need B. can C. must D. would 【答案】C 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 【解析】肯定
64、的猜測(cè), 用must 9.【2020安徽卷】Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 【解析】有些人不喜歡講話are not necessarily shy, 他們可能是安靜的人, 表示 “可能”之意。 10.【2020北京卷】One of the few things
65、you ____ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 【解析】關(guān)于英語(yǔ)的話題中, 你絕對(duì)有把握談?wù)摰臉O少幾個(gè)話題之一, 就是很多時(shí)候都在談?wù)撎鞖狻? 11.【2020浙江卷】You be hungry already— you had lunch only two hours ago! A.
66、 wouldn’t B. can’t C .mustn’t D. needn’t 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 【解析】句意為:你不可能餓了, 你兩個(gè)小時(shí)之前才吃的午飯!can’t指不可能;mustn’t表猜測(cè)時(shí), 不能用于否定句;Needn’t指沒(méi)有必要。 12.【2020福建卷】It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 【解析】must必然, 一定;can可能;should應(yīng)該;would(過(guò)去)將, 總會(huì)。本題提供的語(yǔ)境是 “有時(shí)可能會(huì)……”。 三年模擬 A組 2020年全國(guó)模擬題組 1.(浙江省蒼南縣靈溪中學(xué)2020屆高三高考模擬,10) Sometimes smiles around the world ________ be false , hiding other
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