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1、名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí) 名詞性從句是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)也是熱點(diǎn)。名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此，名詞性從句分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞有：連接代詞：who，whose，whom，what，which，有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)等；連接副詞：when，where．whv，how，有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分．作狀語(yǔ)；連接詞：if（whether），asif雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分：連接詞that無(wú)詞義 一．課前導(dǎo)學(xué) 1．名詞性從句定義：在主句中起 作用的從句。 2. 名詞性從句類型

2、： 3．名詞性從句的連接詞： 1）從屬連詞： 和 等，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。 2）連接代詞： 和 等，在從句中作主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)。 3）連接副詞： 和 等，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。 二．課中導(dǎo)教 （一）賓語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ).引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that ?？墒÷?,whether,if; 代詞有who, whose,what ,which;副詞 when ,wher

3、e, how, why 等.如: We believe (that) he is honest. I told him (that) I would come back soon. He said (that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldn’t go there. 賓語(yǔ)從句的注意點(diǎn)： 1).賓語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序. 2).引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that也無(wú)實(shí)際意義,多數(shù)情況下可以省略. 3).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句 但: (1).當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時(shí),不用if.

4、 例: I don’t know whether I will stay or not. (2).介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if. 例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 4).that在賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略與保留 (1).在主+謂+it(形式賓語(yǔ))+賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語(yǔ)) 的句型中不省略. 例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. (2).由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,第二和以后that 不省略. 例: He told me that he w

5、ould come and that he would come on time. （二）主語(yǔ)從句 定義：用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句，它是名詞性從句之一。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：連詞that, whether；連接代詞who, what和which；連接副詞when, where, how和why。 1)由whether及其他連詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，句后都可。 Whether it will please them is not easy to say. = It is not easy to say whether it will please them. 這是否能讓他們高興很

6、難說(shuō) 2) 由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句： That they are badly in need of help is quite clear. 他們急需幫助，這是十分明顯的。 注意 A: that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義，在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。 注意B: 但是這類句子在大多數(shù)情況下會(huì)放到整個(gè)句子的后部去，而用代詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。 = It is quite clear that they are badly in need of help. 3)連接代詞who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, wh

7、oever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. 對(duì)于有些人覺(jué)得容易的東西對(duì)另一些人來(lái)說(shuō)就難了 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 這里說(shuō)的話都應(yīng)當(dāng)保密。 Whoever makes mistakes must correct them. 凡犯了錯(cuò)誤的人都必須改正。 Whatever 和 no matter what有區(qū)別嗎？ Her cellphone helps her do whatever she wants to do. 她的手機(jī)幫她做她想

8、做的事情 4)連接副詞when，where， how， why等引起的主語(yǔ)從句： Why he did it remains a mystery. 為什么他要這樣做仍然是個(gè)謎 （三）表語(yǔ)從句 1.表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞: 基本上與主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同.連詞除了that, whether(不用if)外,還可以用because.在連系動(dòng)詞seem,look之后還可用as though (as if ). 例: (1).That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. (2).The question was when the

9、butcher was likely to come back from the town. (3).The fact remains that a change in land ownership is needed in India. (4).That is what he told us. (5).It seems as if it is going to rain. The problem is that we didn’t get in touch with him. This is how Henry solved the problem. His suggestion

10、 is that we (should) finish the work at once. 如果句子的主語(yǔ)是suggestion,advice.order等名詞時(shí),后面引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略. 2.注意點(diǎn) 1).表語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序. 2).表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that無(wú)實(shí)際意義,但不能省略. 3).表語(yǔ)從句只能用whether,而不能用if 引導(dǎo). 4).不要使用 The reason … is because that … 句型, 應(yīng)使用 The reason… is that… 或 This / it /that/ is because…

11、等句型. 例如: 今天早上他遲到的原因是因?yàn)槁飞闲腥颂? 誤: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on

12、the road. （四） 同位語(yǔ)從句 1.基本概念： 在句中起同位語(yǔ)的作用.一般放在名詞 idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, order, suggestion, proof, message, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word等之后,用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的名詞.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that ;少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等.如 : 1）The thought that we might succeed excited us. 2）The question whether they should try

13、 a second time is worth considering. 3）The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. 名詞suggestion,advice.order等詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略. 2.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的異同： 相同點(diǎn)：1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語(yǔ)e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位語(yǔ)從句） 我們隊(duì)取

14、得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定語(yǔ)從句） 你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。 2、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位語(yǔ)從句）學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西的建議值得考慮。 The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn som

15、ething practical. （定語(yǔ)從句）值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西。 不同點(diǎn)： 1、從句的作用不同：同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾、 限定前面的名詞。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （從句說(shuō)明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （從句對(duì)“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來(lái)自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。） 2、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。e.g. 1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充當(dāng)任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。）