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1、 　　閱讀理解是通過語篇對學生綜合運用語言的能力進行考查的題型。綜合運用語言的能力，包括閱讀能力、理解能力、歸納概括能力、邏輯推理能力以與對材料的評估能力等。閱讀理解題的難度并不是很大，以確認短文的事實和細節(jié)為主。但是隨著課程標準的實施，對學生高層次閱讀能力的要求有所增加。 考點 2016 2015 2014 2013 主旨大意題 1次 2次 3次 2次 細節(jié)理解題 6次 10次 8次 9次 推理判斷題 2次 2次 2次 1次 詞義猜測題 2次 1次 2次

2、 3次 縱觀近幾年來的閱讀理解題，有以下幾個考查特點： 1. 細節(jié)理解題是考查的重點，一般是針對某個特定細節(jié)來提問。 2. 閱讀詞匯量、信息量有所遞增，要求學生進一步提高閱讀速度。 3. 增加了生詞量，加大了對學生猜測詞義能力的考查。 4. 主旨大意題每年都考，這不但要求學生能準確地確認細節(jié)問題，而且要求學生能對文章進行高度概括或總結。 閱讀理解主要考查學生綜合運用語言的能力，通過分析近幾年中考題，閱讀理解命題有以下趨勢： 1. 聯(lián)系生活實際，關注社會熱點。 2. 篇幅變長，詞匯量有所增加，選材廣泛。 3. 注重

3、對學生綜合能力的考查，比如詞義猜測題。 4. 注重文章的整體閱讀，不但要理解文章的細節(jié)，而且要理解整篇文章，比如主旨大意題。 閱讀理解能全面快速地反映出學生的英語水平，是中考不可缺少的題型之一。為了提高閱讀理解水平，我們應做到下面幾點： (一)要充分利用好課本素材。深入挖掘課本素材，根據(jù)課本上多層次的閱讀任務，逐步掌握文章信息，培養(yǎng)學生處理信息的能力。學生必須先自主閱讀，找出問題，然后在教師的引導和點撥下解決疑難問題。對于精彩的段落，可以選擇背誦，以增強英文語感。有了強烈的語感，閱讀理解能力會不知不覺地提高。 (二)要努力拓展課外閱讀。要多閱讀一些選題嚴謹而

4、又新穎，時代感強，覆蓋面廣的文章。當前的閱讀理解選材越來越注重現(xiàn)代化、多樣化、知識化和生活化，容貼近生活，蘊涵著豐富的世界各國文化背景知識，具有強烈的時代感和交際性，常常從不同側面反映目前人們的思想意識、生活情趣和對人、對自然的態(tài)度與與世界的交流。只有通過大量閱讀不同題材和體裁的短文，才能不斷增強快速捕捉、掌握信息的能力，也能提高面對較長篇幅閱讀材料的心理承受能力。 (三)要注重閱讀方式。在平時的練習中，做完閱讀，就是核對答案與糾錯。事實上，糾正答案對文章的二次閱讀往往起著至關重要的作用。首次讀文章時，我們應當模擬考試的緊氣氛，捕捉所需要的信息，盡量做到高質高效。二次閱讀的目的就不再

5、是獲取信息了，而是把握文章的布局安排，分析作者的意圖。同時要把二次閱讀變成精讀，因為要想真正培養(yǎng)邏輯推理能力，提高閱讀水平，精讀是必不可缺的。 (四)要積累大量的詞匯，夯實語法知識。英文閱讀理解涉與語篇、段落、句子、詞匯四個層次的理解，而其中最根本的是對詞匯的理解。要想準確理解文章的涵，必須擁有較大的詞匯量。我們不但要掌握課本上的詞匯，而且也要注重對課外閱讀詞匯的掌握。比如，我們可以利用二次閱讀積累詞匯。我們要通過平時的學習積累教學考綱中要求的各個語法項目，這樣就能通過分析句子結構辨別意群與正確理解結構復雜的長句，為更好地理解文章做好鋪墊。 總之，只要我們充分利用好課本素材、努力拓

6、展課外閱讀、注重閱讀方式以與積累大量的詞匯和夯實語法知識，英語閱讀理解能力必定會有所提升。 中考閱讀理解的考查方式主要有：(一)主旨大意題；(二)細節(jié)理解題；(三)推理判斷題；(四)詞義猜測題。針對這四種考查方式，我們可以運用以下方法與技巧： 一、主旨大意題 主旨大意題是針對文章的主題、標題或寫作目的而設置的題目。這類題主要考查學生在理解全文的基礎上運用概括、判斷、推理等邏輯思維方法對文章進行高度概括或總結的能力。其最有效的方法是找出主題句，我們可以通過分析篇章結構，找出每一小段的主題句，然后通過尋找共同點，找出整篇文章的主題句，這是找準文章主旨大意的關鍵。主題句是文章的核心，它往往

7、是一個有很強概括性和代表性的句子。找到了文章的主題句，文章的中心思想也就顯而易見了。對于主旨大意題，要始終滲透“通讀全文，了解文意”的閱讀理念。 (2015·濰坊，C)On a cold winter morning, a poor boy called Howard Kelly was on his way to school. He was so hungry that he decided to beg(乞討) for a meal at the next house. A lovely young lady opened the door and she broug

8、ht him a large glass of milk. He had it slowly，and then asked, “How much do I owe(欠) you?” “You owe me nothing, ” she replied. “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness. ”He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart. ” Years later the woman became seriously ill. T

9、he local doctors sent her to the big city, where specialists(專家) can study her illness. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the consultation(會診). When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went to her room. He recognize

10、d her at once and decided to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her and her illness. After a long time, the lady was well again at last. Dr. Kelly asked the hospital office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the

11、 side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she had thought that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side caught her attention. “Paid in full with a glass of milk. ” 例　What does the story intend to tell us? A. Wh

12、ere there is a will, there is a way. B. A friend in need is a friend indeed. C. Every kindness will be paid off. D. Better late than never. [解析]Where there is a will, there is a way. 意為“有志者, 事竟成”；A friend in need is a friend indeed. 意為“患難朋友才是真朋友”；Every kindness will be paid off. 意為“

13、好心總會有好報”；Better late than never. 意為“遲做總比不做好”。本文通過講述凱利小時候得到別人的幫助，后來報答對方的故事，告訴我們要多做善事。應選C。 　　[答案]C 二、細節(jié)理解題 細節(jié)理解題指針對文章細節(jié)描寫或與文章主旨大意、情節(jié)發(fā)展相關的具體事實所設置的題目。這類題主要考查學生獲取信息與對文章所提供信息的理解能力。解答此類題，我們一定要本著從原文中尋找答案的原則。首先要正確理解題干，然后直接到文中尋找信息源，再進行理解和分析就確定答案了。要注意的是，不要孤立地理解單個句子，而要結合上下文語境來理解。同時還要注意句子的非主干成分，如定語、狀語、補語等，這些成

14、分往往是出題者進行誤導的落腳點。 (2015·濰坊，B) 例　How much should the boys’ parents pay the babysitter for one day? A. ￡4. 　　B. ￡6. 　　C. ￡8. 　　D. ￡10. [解析]由廣告A中Mon. -Fri. (星期一至星期五)與￡40 a week(每周40英鎊)可知，每天是8英鎊。 　　[答案]C 三、推理判斷題 推理判斷題，既要求學生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖與文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作出正確的推理判斷。解答此類題要注意兩點：①與原文相

15、同的細節(jié)不能選。因為此類題是我們作出的推理判斷，忌原文呈現(xiàn)。②文中沒有出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)不能跳出文章作推斷，即要忠于原文，在文章中尋找可推斷的依據(jù)，切忌把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。解題過程中只要注意上述兩點，再結合做細節(jié)理解題和主旨大意題的方法，即可得出正確答案。 One morning Fan Xing discovered that her classroom had changed. The 13-year-old saw that the desks were no longer in rows(排)，but pushed together to make six bigger

16、desks. The new arrangement (排列) was part of a reform (改革) at Fan’s school，Changsha Daotian Middle School in Hunan. About five weeks ago，more than 2，000 junior students at the school began studying in this way，with six to eight students sitting in groups. “This reform is designed to provide stu

17、dents with easier ways to study and more chances for discussion，”said Liu Xu，a school head teacher. “Our school hopes it can improve students’ abilities(能力) for self-study as well as teamwork. ” 例　The purpose of the new classroom arrangement is to . A. make the students feel fresh and interest

18、ed B. divide big classes into small classes C. make more room for new students D. provide students with more chances for teamwork [解析]此題考查新的教室排列的目的。第一段和第二段介紹了這一排列，第三段介紹了這項改革的目的，選項D與之相符，所以選擇D。 　　[答案]D 四、詞義猜測題 詞義猜測是利用上下文語境對某些生詞作出推測和判斷。該題型旨在考查學生根據(jù)上下文推斷詞匯意思的能力。詞義猜測題：第一，要熟練掌握大綱單詞，平時注意積

19、累生詞和短語。第二，根據(jù)熟悉的詞與詞義判斷生詞的意思。第三，要把生詞放到句子里，把句子放在句群里，根據(jù)上下文判斷生詞在特定句子中的確切意思。 (濰坊中考改編)Never giving up is the key to making our dreams come true. We may fail from time to time，but we can learn from failure，correct our mistakes and try again until we achieve our goals. Our life is like a long journey. It

20、sometimes has wind and rain. We believe rainbows will appear after storms. 　　例　What’s the meaning of the underlined word “failure”? A. 放棄 B. 成功 C. 失敗 D. 夢想 [解析]從原句 We may fail from time to time，but we can learn from failure，correct our mistakes and try again until we achieve our goals. 中的We m

21、ay fail from time to time以與correct our mistakes and try again可知，我們可能會失敗，但是我們可以從失敗中學習，所以選C。 　　[答案]C (一) (2016·，A)Our new neighbours are the Browns. They have two children，a boy and a girl. The boy is Jack and the girl is Alice. Jack is 11，and he is one year older than me. Alice and my sister Nan

22、cy are 8 years old. At weekends，Nancy and I like to go to play with Alice and Jack. Both Jack and I really enjoy playing computer games. Sometimes the girls join us，but the games they enjoy are different from the ones we like. There is a big park near our house. Sometimes，when the weather

23、is fine，the four of us will go for bike rides there. We often stop at the huge playground to have some fun. Jack and I like to play basketball，but the girls prefer to sing and dance. Our families often have dinner together. On some days，they come over to our house and on other days，we go over t

24、o theirs. Mr Brown and his wife cook really well. Nancy and I are very glad to have the Browns next door. It’s great to have friends living so near. 短文大意：本文作者介紹了自己的新鄰居——布朗一家。布朗夫婦有一個兒子杰克和一個女兒愛麗絲。“我”和妹妹南希喜歡和他們兩個一起玩耍。兩家人經(jīng)常在家中聚餐。 1. Who are the writer’s new neighbours? A. A family of three. B

25、. The Browns. C. Jack and Nancy. D. Alice and Nancy. 2. How old is Alice? A. 8. B. 9. C. 10. D. 11. 3. The girls prefer to at the playground in the park. A. listen to music B. play basketball C. sing and dance D. play computer games 4. Where do the two families have dinner together

26、? A. At a park nearby. B. At a restaurant. C. In a forest. D. At their houses. 5. The writer thinks it’s to be friends with the new neighbours. A. boring B. great C. difficult D. safe (二) (2016·，B)Do you know that in some parts of the world，people build temporary (暫時的) hotels made of s

27、now and blocks (大塊) of ice?These are known as ice hotels. Unlike usual hotels，all the rooms in the ice hotels are made of ice. In some ice hotels，even the glasses for drinks are made of ice blocks. So they only serve cold drinks. Also，hot food is not served in the ice hotels，but guests can eat

28、hot food at places nearby. To keep warm，guests sleep in comfortable sleeping bags on ice blocks that are covered by mattresses (床墊) and reindeer skins (馴鹿皮). There are some places in the ice hotels that are heated，such as the bathrooms. This is because，even though it is not as cold in the

29、ice hotels as it is outdoors (在戶外)，indoor temperatures are still very low. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the ice hotels is that they are rebuilt every year. They can be used only during the winter months. The ice hotels melt (融化) away when spring arrives. The ice blocks used to build

30、 these hotels are from nearby rivers. So，when the ice hotels melt away，they melt back into the rivers. 短文大意：本文介紹了世界上的冰雪酒店。冰雪酒店用雪和冰塊建成。酒店甚至裝飲料的杯子也是用冰塊制成的?？腿怂诟采w著床墊和馴鹿皮的冰塊上，并且還配有舒適的睡袋。冰雪酒店在冬天建成并使用，當春天到來時，冰雪融化，酒店慢慢消失，化為冰水流入河中。 1. According to the passage，ice hotels. A. are found everywhereB. do bu

31、siness in summer C. are made of glassD. are made of snow and ice 2. Which of the following about the ice hotels is true? A. They are just like usual hotels. B. The glasses are made of wood. C. They serve cold drinks. D. The rooms are made of bamboo. 3. You can’t see in the ice hotels. A. h

32、ot food B. reindeer skins C. sleeping bags D. mattresses 4. Why are bathrooms heated in the ice hotels? A. Guests want to eat in them. B. Indoor temperatures are very low. C. Guests ask the hotels to do that. D. It is as cold indoors as it is outdoors. 5. What happens to the ice hotels in s

33、pring? A. They melt away. B. They are rebuilt. C. They are repaired. D. They need more ice. (三) (2016·，B)“I will think of it. ” It is easy to say this，but do you know what great things have come from thinking? Sir Isaac Newton was sitting in his garden when he saw an apple fall from a t

34、ree. He began to think and tried to find out why the apple fell. Then he discovered how the sun，moon，and stars are kept in their places. A boy named James Watt sat quietly by the fire，watching the lid of the kettle move up and down. He wanted to find out why the steam in the kettle moved the lid. F

35、rom that time he went on thinking and thinking. And when he became a man，he improved the steam engine (蒸汽機) so much that it could easily do the work of many horses. James Ferguson was a poor boy. Once，seeing the inside of a watch，he wondered. “Why should I not make a watch?” But how could he get th

36、e materials to make the mainspring (鐘表的主發(fā)條)?He soon found he could make it with whalebone (鯨骨). He then made a wooden clock which kept good time. His motto (座右銘) was “I will think of it. ” And he made his thoughts useful to himself and the world. Boys and girls，when you have a difficult lesson

37、to learn，don’t lose heart，and don’t ask someone for help before helping yourselves. Think，and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose. 短文大意：本文通過科學名人牛頓、瓦特和弗格森的事例說明了思考的重要性，要求我們學會如何思考才能達到目的。 1. From the passage，we know that some great things come from . A. listening B. reading C. s

38、peaking D. thinking 2. The idea of Isaac Newton’s discovery was from . A. the falling of an apple B. the cleaning of a garden C. the falling of a tree D. the moving of a lid 3. The achievement of James Watt was that he . A. kept thinkingB. found the steam in the kettle C. improved the stea

39、m engine much D. watched the lid move up and down 4. The right order of the following sentences is . ①James Ferguson made a wooden clock. ②James Ferguson saw the inside of a watch. ③James Ferguson made the mainspring with whalebone. A. ③②①B. ②③① C. ②①③ D. ③①② 5. What is the main idea of th

40、e passage? A. Learn to ask for help. B. A difficult lesson to learn. C. It is easy to say “I will think of it. ” D. Think，and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose. (四) (2016·，A)Paper cut can be seen in many parts of China during the Spring Festival. People put it on windo

41、ws，doors and walls for the festival. A thousand years ago，paper cut was used for decoration (裝飾). In Tang Dynasty women used paper cut as headdress. In Song Dynasty，it helped make gifts more beautiful. What’s more，people would feel happier when they saw paper cut on windows，doors and walls. Now

42、 people use paper cut to express their wishes for welcoming the New Year. There are different kinds of paper cut in different parts of China. Pictures usually cover nearly all things，from flowers，birds to the famous people. Now，there are factories for paper cut in China. Paper cut has changed f

43、rom decoration to a kind of art. At the same time，paper cut also appears in cartoons，magazines or TV programs. 短文大意：本文介紹了中國剪紙這種藝術。一千年前，人們將剪紙用于裝飾。現(xiàn)在，人們常用剪紙來表達新年愿望，剪紙已經(jīng)從裝飾變成一種藝術。同時，剪紙也呈現(xiàn)在動漫、雜志或電視節(jié)目中。 1. people like to use paper cut for their festivals. A. Australian B. Chinese C. English D. Amer

44、ican 2. In Song Dynasty，paper cut helped to make gifts more . A. beautiful B. famous C. different D. expensive 3. This passage is mainly about . A. cartoons B. TV programsC. paper cut D. hair cut (五) (2016·，B)Don’t do your homework alone when you find it difficult!TFK’s Homework Helper has m

45、any useful tools with tips to help you do your homework better. A + Papers Do you need help with writing homework?Check out A + Papers!It will show you how to write eight different kinds of school papers. Get Started! Flash-card Maker Do you know the state capitals?Check yourself with TFK’s

46、 flash cards (抽認卡)，or make your own flash cards to study for your next exam. Get Started! Writing Suggestions How do you write a good article to introduce yourself?Find answers to all of your writing questions here. Get Started! Grammar Talent Do you know how to use commas (逗號)?Are y

47、ou a talent when it comes to big letters?Go over grammar rules，and then test yourself with Grammar Talent. Get Started! Writer’s Toolbox Whether you need a dictionary or an electronic (電子的) machine which can change one language into another，we’ve got you covered here. Get Started! 短文大意：這是一則介紹TF

48、K家庭作業(yè)助手的廣告。當你獨自做家庭作業(yè)有困難時，TFK家庭作業(yè)助手會幫助你更好地完成家庭作業(yè)。 1. According to this ad，you can use TFK to . A. play games B. watch TV C. draw pictures better D. do homework better 2. of TFK may help you get the state capitals. A. Writer’s Toolbox B. Flash-card Maker C. Grammar Talent D. A + Papers 3

49、. With the help of Writing Suggestions，you can . A. change one language into another B. look up some new words C. write a good article to introduce yourself D. go over all grammar rules 4. In this ad， tools of TFK are introduced. A. three B. four C. five D. six (六) (2016·，C)A science ficti

50、on flying car looks like a normal car，but it is an aircraft (飛行器) that anybody can fly directly from any place to another without using roads or runways. Science fiction writers have written about flying cars for a long time. But now flying cars will soon fly out of the world of science fiction into

51、 our real world. And the dream of the science fiction writers will soon come true. The first-known sky car is the FSC-1. The FSC-1 looks like an expensive sports car. You can drive the FSC-1 on the road like a normal car. If you touch a button，its wings and propeller (螺旋槳) fold out and then it can

52、take off，fly and land as an airplane. The owners of the FSC-1 can choose if they want to drive or fly. Another flying car or sky car is the Moller Skycar M400. Although you can’t drive it on the roads，it is small and easy to fly and can take off and land like a helicopter (直升飛機). Urban Aeronaut

53、ics’ X-Hawk is another type of sky car. It is expected to be available for about ＄3 million. Just like any new technology，flying cars have taken a long time to be developed. But some experts think the technology is far from what people imagine when they are sitting in traffic. It still needs to

54、 be improved. 短文大意：本文主要介紹了飛行汽車的情況。它從科幻作家的作品中進入了現(xiàn)實生活。文中也介紹了三種飛行汽車的情況，但它們還需改進，因此它們進入人們的生活仍需很長的時間。 1. kinds of flying cars are mentioned in the passage. A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five 2. The writer thinks that flying cars will be no longer a dream because . A. science fiction writers’ ideas a

55、re stupid B. they are too expensive to make C. they will soon be available D. they are only in science fiction 3. The FSC-1 can . A. change itself into a robot B. move on water like a ship C. be flown only like an airplane D. be driven like a car and flown like an airplane 4. The Moller Sk

56、ycar is different from the FSC-1 because . A. it can’t flyB. it can’t be driven like a car C. it is difficult to landD. it is much more expensive 5. Some experts think the technology of flying cars is . A. normal B. traditional C. not good enough D. strange (2016·，A)Each Friday，my son’s ki

57、ndergarten (幼兒園) class has “a prize day”. All the children who do well in the week can get a prize. The children have behavior cards. The cards start out green every morning，but are changed from green to yellow，orange and finally to red if they do something wrong. Most of the children never change t

58、heir cards from green. On many Fridays，a boy named Tommy often walks out with an unsmiling face because he has had a bad day or two that week. Tommy is a naughty boy and he often causes trouble. Other children would tell their parents：“Tommy got angry, ” or “Tommy didn’t listen to the teacher，”

59、or “Tommy got trouble today. ” But recently，things have become much better for Tommy. My son reports proudly each day，“All GREEN today. ” Last night，after I kissed him goodnight，he said he was very excited because tomorrow was a prize day. “And I hope，hope，hope that Tommy stays on green!” My he

60、art was filled with pride. I told my son how kind it was of him to think of Tommy rather than caring about his own prize. I am so proud of both my son and Tommy and I hope one day they will both understand what the real prize was! 短文大意：星期五是兒子幼兒園的獎勵日，表現(xiàn)好的孩子會得到獎品。一個叫Tommy的男孩很調皮，經(jīng)常闖禍，孩子們會把他的表現(xiàn)告訴自

61、己的父母。但最近Tommy的表現(xiàn)好多了。昨天晚上，兒子說他希望第二天Tommy能保持良好的表現(xiàn)。作者為兒子感到自豪，因為他能為別人著想。 1. What color is a behavior card at first? A. Red. B. Yellow. C. Green. D. Orange. 2. If a boy’s card was changed into red，it showed that . A. he got a prizeB. he did badly C. he helped other childrenD. he became better th

62、an before 3. The underlined word “naughty” in Paragraph 2 refers to . A. 聰明的 B. 友善的 C. 向的 D. 淘氣的 4. From the passage we know that . A. things were becoming better for Tommy B. Tommy behaved worse and worse C. Tommy always listened to teachers D. Tommy never got a green card 5. Why does the

63、 father take pride in his son? A. Because his son always cares about him. B. Because his son always thinks of his own prize. C. Because his son often tells him what happens at the kindergarten. D. Because his son always thinks of Tommy rather than caring about his own prize.

64、 (八) (2016·，A)Let me tell you about a young boy who made a model car all on his own. The boy is me，six years ago when I was just 11. The car was small and simple，but in my imagination it was a high-speed racing car，speeding along the race road. It was during the school su

65、mmer holidays and workmen were building a new driveway and garage (車庫) beside our house. It meant to add something new to our home. When I watched the workmen，I came up with an idea—I would build a car to drive into the garage in celebration of it. I told my mother and began with my plans. But I cou

66、ldn’t find the right things for making the car，so I gave up and sadly spent several days doing nothing. My mother noticed that I had stopped working and asked me why. I explained and she suggested that maybe I should change my plan to fit the things I had，rather than give up. And that’s just what I did. I found small pieces of wood in my father’s workshop and made my car from anything that was lying around the house. When I found a small engine (發(fā)動機) from one of my old model planes，I added