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1、第五講名詞性從句Part 真題變式體驗(yàn)12017天津高考She asked me_I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.答案：whether/if分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用連詞引導(dǎo)后面的句子作asked的賓語。結(jié)合句意可知，連詞表示“是否”的含義，故填whether/if均可。22017北京高考Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing _ she was heading.答案：where根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處

2、引導(dǎo)其后的句子作分詞knowing的賓語，賓語從句中缺少表示地點(diǎn)的連詞where。32016北京高考Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.答案：Whatever由謂語為helps可判斷其前的“_ you can do”為主語從句，該從句缺少賓語，且表示“任何事情”，故答案為Whatever(相當(dāng)于Anything that)。句意：你的支持對(duì)我們的工作很重要。你做的任何事情都有幫助。42016北京高考The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be

3、 entirely free from dust.答案：that“_ one can be entirely free from dust”為表語從句，該從句中不缺少成分，意思完整，故用that引導(dǎo)該表語從句。句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情就是人們可以完全免受塵土的影響。52016天津高考The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.答案：that“_ we should have an assistant”具體說明suggestion的內(nèi)容，因而為同

4、位語從句，用that引導(dǎo)。that只起連接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。62016江蘇高考It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.答案：that本句中it為形式主語，“_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope”為真正的主語，該從句結(jié)構(gòu)意思完整，故由that引導(dǎo)。72015福建高考I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out ev

5、ery day.答案：how由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，wonder后為賓語從句。由答語內(nèi)容可知，賓語從句用how引導(dǎo)，how在賓語從句中作方式狀語。82015湖南高考You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.答案：where由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“_ youre going”為從句作know的賓語，而賓語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)。92015陜西高考Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for_ Doris Lessing

6、had achieved in literature.答案：what設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)后面的句子作介詞for的賓語，而賓語從句中缺少動(dòng)詞achieved的賓語，表示“的事情(東西)”，故填what。102015重慶高考We must find out_Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案：when由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“_Karl is coming”為動(dòng)詞短語find out的賓語從句，由句意可知，從句中缺狀語，意為“何時(shí)”，故填when。Part 語篇真題演練閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。2015全國卷The

7、adobe dwellings (土坯房)_61_ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even_62_ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their_63_ (able) to “air condition” a house without _64_ (use) electric e

8、quipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _65_ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _66_ (cool) the house during the hot day; _67_ the same time, they

9、warm up again for the night. This cycle _68_ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. As _69_ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _70_ thick the adobe walls needed

10、 to be to make the cycle work on most days.61_62._63._64._65_66._67._68._69_70._Step 1：通讀全文，掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇說明文。講述的是美國普韋布洛印第安人所建土坯房獨(dú)特的調(diào)節(jié)室溫的特點(diǎn)。Step 2：逐題解答，確定答案。61built考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。空格所在句中are admired是謂語，故此處應(yīng)用非謂語形式。位于名詞之后，且兩者為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故可知答案。62the考查冠詞?！癬 most modern”表示最高級(jí)含義，故填定冠詞the。63ability考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空格前的is和形容詞性物主代詞，

11、可推知此處應(yīng)用所給詞的名詞單數(shù)形式。64using考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。空格位于介詞之后，應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞形式。65slowly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾give out，表示慢慢地釋放，故填副詞。66to_cool考查固定句式。enough to do sth.為慣用法，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語，意為“足夠可以”。67at考查固定短語。at the same time “同時(shí)”。68goes考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處填謂語。描述的是客觀現(xiàn)象和事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語為單數(shù)概念，應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。69natural考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞。70how考查賓語從句的連接詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)從句

12、作figured out的賓語。由形容詞thick及從句語義可知，此處應(yīng)填連接副詞，既連接主從句，又修飾形容詞thick，意為“多么”，表示程度。Step 3：代入驗(yàn)證。需保證語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確且語義符合邏輯，這樣才能確保萬無一失。知識(shí)清單(1)各種名詞性從句的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)；(2)常用連接代詞及連接副詞的運(yùn)用條件；(3)對(duì)于what/that/whatever/whether/if等引導(dǎo)的易混名詞性從句的掌握；(4)it在名詞性從句中作形式主語和形式賓語的用法；(5)that的省略情況以及各從句的時(shí)態(tài)與語序問題。學(xué)情分析考生在學(xué)習(xí)從句的過程中存在著以下幾點(diǎn)問題：(1)對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析不清，對(duì)各種從句類型無

13、法準(zhǔn)確判斷；(2)不熟悉引導(dǎo)詞在從句中的使用情況，更談不上準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用，例如what與which，what與whatever等；(3)混用名詞性從句與定語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞，比如關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語或賓語，而在名詞性從句中that不作任何成分，只起連接作用；(4)由于對(duì)從句中的語序及時(shí)態(tài)意識(shí)淡薄，而造成一些不必要的錯(cuò)誤。考點(diǎn)1名詞性從句的不同類型及其結(jié)構(gòu)分析下列例句，歸納各名詞性從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。1主語從句That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.長久以來我聽到的最好的消息就是

14、你要來倫敦。What matters most in learning English is enough practice.學(xué)習(xí)英語最重要的是足夠的訓(xùn)練。It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself.其他人怎么看你不關(guān)你的事，要相信你自己。It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.顯而易見，學(xué)生應(yīng)該為他們的未來做好充分準(zhǔn)備。歸納：主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)連接詞主

15、語謂語其他主句謂語其他。(2)It(形式主語)主句謂語其他連接詞主語謂語其他。2賓語從句Im afraid (that) I cant accept your invitation.恐怕我不能接受你的邀請(qǐng)。Tom is a nice boy except that he is sometimes late for school.湯姆除了有時(shí)上學(xué)遲到外，是個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的男孩。I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我發(fā)現(xiàn)花更多時(shí)間練習(xí)英語口語是必要的。I dont think that

16、you should go abroad in the future.我認(rèn)為你將來不應(yīng)該出國。歸納：賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)及物動(dòng)詞(短語)/介詞連接詞主語謂語其他。(2)及物動(dòng)詞it賓補(bǔ)連接詞主語謂語其他。(3)表示情感的形容詞連接詞主語謂語其他。3表語從句My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.我的決定是我們所有人明天早上6點(diǎn)出發(fā)。The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.我們上次玩得很快

17、樂是我們在游覽水上公園的時(shí)候。As is known to us, China is no longer what she used to be.眾所周知，中國再也不是從前的中國了。One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.她偏愛城市生活的一個(gè)原因是她可以很方便地去像商店和飯店這樣的地方。歸納：表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：系動(dòng)詞連接詞主語謂語其他。4同位語從句We should consider the students

18、request that the school library provide more books on popular science.我們應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生們的要求，即學(xué)校圖書館應(yīng)該提供更多的大眾科學(xué)方面的書籍。The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.我們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)做實(shí)驗(yàn)的問題已經(jīng)解決。I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他將何時(shí)回來。I made a promise to myself that this year, my thir

19、d year in Senior school, would be different.我向自己保證：今年我高中的第三年將會(huì)是不同的一年。歸納：同位語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞連接詞主語謂語其他。注意：不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，同位語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)極其相似，但同位語從句是對(duì)前面的名詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步地解釋說明，而定語從句是對(duì)前面的名詞進(jìn)行修飾、限定。同位語從句常放在feeling， news， doubt， problem， promise， idea等抽象名詞后，而定語從句不受此限制。對(duì)比以下例句，辨別其為何種從句：The news that they had won the game soon sprea

20、d over the whole school.他們贏得比賽的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告訴我的消息真的很令人失望。句為同位語從句；句為定語從句?？键c(diǎn)2名詞性從句連接詞的選擇名詞性從句的常見連接詞有：that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, when, where, why, how, how many, how much等，根據(jù)其在從句中的功能可分為

21、三類：1從句中缺少主語或賓語時(shí)，選擇以下連接詞：what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever)，前兩組指事物，后兩組指人，通常情況下，which是在語境中提供了范圍才會(huì)使用，否則，指事物時(shí)使用what(ever)What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.她告訴我，對(duì)她來說最重要的是她的家人。(主語從句，what作從句主語)The employers often give the job to whoever they believe has work experience

22、 with a strong sense of duty.雇主們經(jīng)常會(huì)把工作給他們認(rèn)為有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)并且有強(qiáng)烈責(zé)任感的人。(賓語從句，whoever作從句主語)典題12018廣東揭陽模擬The ant stopped to see _ had bit him, and the dove immediately flew away.答案what根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，從句作see的賓語，且從句中缺少主語。根據(jù)句意填what。典題2Henry, can you go to the concert tonight?Im afraid I cant. I will give the ticket to _ wa

23、nts to enjoy it.答案whoever分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，介詞to后為賓語從句，且從句中缺少主語。結(jié)合語義可知，此處表示無論是誰或任何一個(gè)想去欣賞的人。故填whoever。2從句中不缺少主語或賓語，而是缺少狀語等成分，此時(shí)則用when, where, why, how, whether/if, how many/much等帶有語義的連接詞Some students even have no idea of why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.一些學(xué)生甚至都不知道為什么學(xué)習(xí)，所以他們浪費(fèi)很多時(shí)間玩兒。(賓語從句，

24、缺語義，連接詞作狀語)It is obvious that people hold different opinions about whether voluntary services should be financially rewarded.很明顯，人們對(duì)志愿者服務(wù)是否應(yīng)該有經(jīng)濟(jì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)持不同觀點(diǎn)。(賓語從句，不缺成分，缺語義)What is concerning us greatly is when the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free. 使我們非常擔(dān)心的是昨天在該區(qū)域被劫持的工人們什么時(shí)候?qū)⒈会尫拧?表語

25、從句，缺語義，連接詞作狀語)典題32018河南洛陽統(tǒng)考Since I was a child, I have wanted to be an author. That is _ I studied OnlineJournalism with focus on OnlinePublic Relations for the last three years.答案why根據(jù)從句在系動(dòng)詞之后可知，從句為表語從句，從句中不缺主語和賓語。結(jié)合語義可知填why來解釋原因。典題4Passion is passion and it doesnt matter _ its directed. Exactly, i

26、t can be coins or sports or politics.答案where分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一個(gè)it為形式主語，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的從句是真正主語，且從句中不缺主語和賓語。結(jié)合語義及下一句內(nèi)容可知，coins, sports和politics為不同的方面或者說方向，因而主語從句表述“激情被導(dǎo)向何處”。故答案填where。3從句中既不缺少成分，又語義完整，則用連接詞thatIt is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.已經(jīng)決定會(huì)議推遲到下周一。 (主語從句，不缺成分和語義)He gave me a sug

27、gestion that I should practise speaking English in class. 他建議我課上練習(xí)說英語。(同位語從句，不缺成分和語義)典題52017南京鹽城模擬After investigation, the police found out one clue _ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.答案that分析句子可知，從句對(duì)clue進(jìn)行解釋，且從句中不缺少成分，也不缺語義，故填that。典題62018福建福州模擬_ we do with li

28、ttle kids today will matter in 20 years.答案What整個(gè)句子的謂語部分是will matter，說明前面是一個(gè)主語從句，再分析主語從句中缺少do的賓語，故填What?？键c(diǎn)3whether與if的用法1表語從句和同位語從句常用whether引導(dǎo)不用if；當(dāng)主語從句放于句首時(shí)，也常用whether引導(dǎo)不用if；當(dāng)it作形式主語，主語從句放在后面時(shí)用whether或if引導(dǎo)均可，但是如果被后置的主語從句中含有表選擇意義的or時(shí)必須用whetherWhether the meeting will be held is still a problem.(主語從句放

29、于句首)The problem is whether the meeting will be held.(表語從句)I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位語從句)是否要開會(huì)仍然是個(gè)問題。It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.他是否要來這兒還令人懷疑。(主語從句放于句末)2whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”，在口語或間接引語中兩者可以互換使用，但在有些情況下，whether和if的用法有一定區(qū)別(1)在及物動(dòng)詞后()I dont care whether he do

30、esnt come.(whether從句中不能用否定式)()I dont care whether he comes or not.()I dont care whether or not he comes.()I dont care if or not he comes.(if不與or not連用)我不關(guān)心他是否來。()I dont know whether to go there.我不知道是否去那兒。(2)在介詞后在介詞后常用whether，不用if。It depends on whether you can do the work well.那取決于你是否能做好這項(xiàng)工作。典題72018四

31、川雅安重點(diǎn)中學(xué)月考What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious illness soon.答案whether由系動(dòng)詞is可判斷從句為表語從句。結(jié)合語義可知，此處表示“是否”，故填whether, 注意表語從句不用if引導(dǎo)。句意：醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我的母親是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來。考點(diǎn)4疑問詞ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1“疑問詞ever”引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，有語義，并且在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分Whoever breaks the law should be punished.無論誰觸犯法律都應(yīng)該受到懲

32、罰。Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.他無論去哪兒他的父母都擔(dān)心。2“疑問詞ever”還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，這時(shí)可以和“no matter疑問詞”互換。但“no matter疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不能用來引導(dǎo)名詞性從句Whatever (No matter what) you do, you must do it well.無論你做什么，都必須做好。典題82017江蘇蘇北四市期中Its difficult for corrupt officials to hide abroad nowadays.Thats it! The Chines

33、e government will do _ it takes to get them back.答案whatever通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的從句作do的賓語，且從句中缺少takes的賓語。結(jié)合語義“任何的事情”可知，應(yīng)填whatever。NO.1解題步驟1.分析空格的位置或句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷是否考查連詞。2根據(jù)從句的不同特點(diǎn)，確定考查的從句類型。3根據(jù)不同從句連接詞的特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合語義確定答案。NO.2解題技巧1若兩個(gè)句子(有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間，沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，也沒有連詞，那空格處必定是填連接詞，否則，句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。2根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定是并列句還是某種

34、主從復(fù)合句。3一旦判斷是名詞性從句，就根據(jù)名詞性從句中缺少什么句子成分來確定選用什么連詞，若從句中缺少主語和賓語，用連接代詞，若缺少狀語就用連接副詞；如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不缺少成分且意思完整則用that。典題12018江西上饒模擬Just looking at these sleeping giraffes is enough to give you a pain in the neck, which is _ the worlds tallest animals dont often stop for a sleep.答案why分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

35、可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)其后的句子作表語，從句中是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，再結(jié)合語境可知此處填why，用于解釋為什么世界上最高的動(dòng)物不經(jīng)常停下來睡覺的原因。典題2It gave them the chance to see that _ they are learning is useful and can be used in the real world.答案what分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，see后that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在賓語從句中含有一個(gè)主語從句，且從句中缺少learn的賓語。根據(jù)語義可知填what，表示“的事物(東西)”。1.名詞性從句主要側(cè)重于連接詞的選擇，其解題步驟如下：(1)根據(jù)句型結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否是名詞

36、性從句；(2)判斷從句中的成分是否缺少主語或賓語，缺少主語或賓語選擇連接代詞what(ever), which(ever), who(ever)以及whom(ever)；(3)若從句中不缺少主語和賓語，則根據(jù)語義選擇whether/if, when, where，why, how, how much/many等連接詞；(4)若從句中既不缺少主語和賓語，且語義完整，則用that。2名詞性從句中缺少主語/賓語(主語/賓語指物)時(shí)，常用的連接代詞為what, 而定語從句中用關(guān)系代詞that/which，注意區(qū)別開來。3名詞性從句中的連接詞that只有在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以省略(且是第一個(gè)賓語從句)，其

37、他從句中均不可省略。4從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，語序要用陳述句語序。5名詞性從句是主句中不可缺少的一部分，這也是名詞性從句的特性，考生可根據(jù)此特性與其他從句進(jìn)行區(qū)分。建議用時(shí)：20分鐘Part .單句語法填空12018北京朝陽區(qū)模擬I have no doubt that he will make it, but I wonder _ he is really ready enough.答案：whether/if分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，從句作wonder的賓語，且從句中不缺少主語和賓語。結(jié)合語義可知表達(dá)“是否”的含義，故填whether/if。22017四川德陽診斷If you can b

38、e quiet, Id like to make a comment on _ China has benefited from the Beijing APEC meeting.答案：how句意：如果你可以靜下來，我想就中國是如何從北京APEC會(huì)議中受益的情況進(jìn)行一下評(píng)論。從句中不缺少主語和賓語，結(jié)合語義可知，答案是how，表示“(方式)怎樣”。32017山西太原期末Although the store described the Sunday School as experimental, it was a good sign of just _ important supermarket

39、 shopping has become in peoples daily life.答案：how設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)從句作介詞of的賓語，但從句中不缺少主語和賓語，結(jié)合語義可知答案是how，表示“(程度)多少”。42017江蘇南通調(diào)研_ is expected of the post90s generation, who tend to spend most of their income every month, is _ they should form a sense of saving.答案：What; that第一空引導(dǎo)主語從句，且從句中缺少主語，表示“的東西(事情)”，故應(yīng)用what；第二

40、空引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句中既不缺少主語和賓語也不缺少語義，故應(yīng)填that。52017北京東城區(qū)期末No one knows for certain how the first Americans arrived in _ is now the United States.答案：what句意：沒人確切地知道第一批美國人是如何到達(dá)現(xiàn)在的美國的。從句中缺少主語，且表示“的地方”，應(yīng)用what。62018江蘇宿遷月考What did the leaders attending One Belt, One Road Forum talk about?They talked about _ they felt

41、 they could do.答案：what這里介詞about后接賓語從句，賓語從句中they felt是插入語，賓語從句中缺賓語，并結(jié)合語義可知此處表達(dá)“的東西(事情)”。故填what。72017北京西城模擬Why do you like working in this company?The friendly atmosphere is _ I like. 答案：whatis后面的表語從句中缺少的是like的賓語，且表示“的東西(事情)”。故填what。82018天津模擬One of the secrets of success lies in _ we handle today, not

42、 yesterday or tomorrow. 答案：how分析題干可知“_ we handle today, not yesterday or tomorrow”是介詞in的賓語從句，從句不缺主語和賓語，結(jié)合語義可知此處表達(dá)“如何”，所以用how來引導(dǎo)。92018北京海淀區(qū)模擬The most exciting moment during the Spring Festival is _ the family enjoy the big dinner together.答案：when由系動(dòng)詞is可判斷設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句中不缺少主語和賓語，但需補(bǔ)充語義，意為“時(shí)候”，故填when。102

43、018杭州質(zhì)檢The view is universally shared by ordinary consumers _ energy drink is not exactly good for health, but at the same time, its appeal can be hard to overcome.答案：that設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的句子對(duì)抽象名詞view的內(nèi)容作詳細(xì)說明，為同位語從句。從句中不缺主語和賓語，也不缺少語義，故填that。Part .單句改錯(cuò)12017河南焦作模擬After arriving at school, I discussed with some cl

44、assmates that we could do._答案：thatwhat分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，classmates后面的句子為discuss后的賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，而that在名詞性從句中不作成分，也沒有語義，故將that改為what，表示“的事情”。22017遼寧葫蘆島模擬Recently we have had a discussion about if money can bring us happiness. Different students have different opinions._答案：ifwhether介詞后接賓語從句時(shí)表示“是否”只能用whether。3201

45、8河南八市重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)考That we saw made us pick up our things and run back to the car as quickly as possible._答案：ThatWhat謂語動(dòng)詞made前面的部分為主語從句。從句中缺少賓語，表示“的東西(事情)”，故不能用That，應(yīng)用What。42017福建廈門二模Even in his earliest performing years, YoYo Ma had a strong belief whether it was important to share music with all kinds of

46、people._答案：whetherthat根據(jù)語義可知belief后的句子是同位語從句，解釋belief的內(nèi)容，且從句不缺少成分及語義，故將whether改為that。52017福建福田調(diào)研Students explore their own attitudes toward the arts, writing reflective essays on which the arts have played a role in their own lives._答案：whichhow此處表述學(xué)生們寫文章反思藝術(shù)是如何在他們自己的生活中發(fā)揮作用的。on后面的部分為名詞性從句作on的賓語，結(jié)合語義

47、可知此處表示“如何”，故將which改為how。Part .語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 2017安徽合肥二模Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of_1_most important art forms in China. Many Asian cultures have originated their own calligraphy styles, but Chinas is unequaled because of_2_(it) beauty, grace (優(yōu)雅),

48、and history. The _3_(origin) of Chinese brush calligraphy are unknown, but local tales say it goes back over 4,000 years to the time of the legendary (傳說的) Yellow Emperor (26982598 BC). At that time characters were carved on animal bones or tortoise shells. Only after Emperor Qin Shi Huang united Ch

49、ina under his rule _4_one country did it really gain popularity as a common art form. He simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set, _5_(make) it easier for people to learn and master. This Chinese art form continued to progress and during the Tang Dynasty (618907 AD) a new type of cur

50、sive script (草書) was formed and standardized. It is written_6_(free), but its not as easy to read. Today Chinese calligraphy is once again a subject in schools and an art form highly_7_ (appreciate) across the world. Anyone can practice it and_8_is required is a simple set including: brush, ink, and

51、 paper. Its fun for amateurs to try, but to become good at it, not only years of practice but natural talent_9_ (need). Practising this art consistently can develop personal character and is of_10_ (benefit) to health.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了中國的書法藝術(shù)的起源和發(fā)展歷程等。1the考查冠詞。結(jié)合后面的mo

52、st important art forms in China可知，形容詞最高級(jí)前面應(yīng)該加the。2its考查代詞。its是形容詞性物主代詞，意思是“它的”，修飾后面的名詞。3origins考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。給出的詞是一個(gè)名詞，意思是“起源”，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞是are，根據(jù)主謂一致的原則，主語用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。4as/into考查介詞。此處是united China as/into one country “把中國統(tǒng)一為一個(gè)國家”。5making考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。該句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，兩分句間無連詞，應(yīng)用所給動(dòng)詞非謂語形式。故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。6freely考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。freely是副詞，修

53、飾動(dòng)詞write。句意：它(草書)書寫隨意，但讀起來并不是那么容易。7appreciated考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。an art form和appreciate之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處用過去分詞作定語，修飾an art form。8what考查名詞性從句的連接詞。what is required是主語從句，該從句缺少主語，且表示“所需要的東西”，故該空填what。9is needed考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語為單數(shù)概念的natural talent，該空作謂語。主語和need之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且該句介紹的客觀事實(shí)，故該空用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。10benefit考查名詞。of是介詞，后面接名詞作賓語。be of benefit意為“有益的”，相當(dāng)于be beneficial。13