《（江蘇專用）2020版高考英語語法專題全輯專題三非謂語動詞講義牛津譯林版.docx》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（江蘇專用）2020版高考英語語法專題全輯專題三非謂語動詞講義牛津譯林版.docx（16頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、專題三 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞的核心考點1.動詞不定式復習中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題(1)不定式作表語與“beto do sth. ”的異同。不定式作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)。My job is to teach English.(說明內(nèi)容)beto do sth. (表示按計劃要做的事)He is to go abroad.(2)后接不定式作賓語的詞語。下列詞語常接不定式作賓語：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arra

2、nge，determine，desire等。下列詞語后可接“疑問詞不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。(3)如何理解和使用不定式作賓補。動詞(短語)see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的賓補用動詞原形，變被動時要加to，此時的不定式就是主語補足語。常用不定式作賓補的幾種情況：主語ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/likesb. to do s

3、th. 主語think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feelsb. to be/to have done主語call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask forsb. to do sth. (4)不定式作定語的特殊用法。下列詞語后常接不定式作定語：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。There is no one

4、 to look after her.不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(5)不定式作狀語的用法。不定式作狀語，在句中主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的結(jié)果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order (not) to，so as (not) to用來引導目的狀語；enough.to，so.as to do，such名詞.as to do作結(jié)果狀語。The girl was so kind as to

5、help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.(6)不定式的完成時的特殊用法。表示不定式中謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作先于主句的謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等動詞常用于上面句型。此外，glad、ha

6、ppy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時，但要注意與一般時的區(qū)別。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.對不起，請稍等。(說話時還未等)Im sorry to have kept you waiting.對不起，讓你久等了。(說話時已等了很久)不定式的完成時還可表示“過去本想做某事但未做”的虛擬語氣。(A)should like to/would like to/would love to完成時。(B)was/were to不定式的完成時，表示該做某事或想做但未實現(xiàn)。(C)expected/h

7、oped/meant/promised/supposed/thought/wanted/wished不定式的完成時，表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望。(7)不定式的省略。同一結(jié)構(gòu)并列由and或or連接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be，this is a question.It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示對比)不定式作表語，其前面的主語從句中含有do時，后面的to省略。What he did w

8、as lose the game.句中含有動詞do時，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。Dont do anything silly，such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than，rather than后省to。Why not，had better，would rather，cant but等詞后省to。Youd better take it seriously.多用在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對話中，為了避免重復，作賓語、主補或賓補的不定式再次出現(xiàn)時，to后的內(nèi)容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。常見的有

9、：Id like/love/be happy to。但如果承前省略的不定式有助動詞have或be的任何形式，后應(yīng)該保留原形have或be。Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have.題組訓練1用所給動詞的正確形式填空1.Its important for the figures to be updated(update) regularly.2.Today we have chat rooms，

10、text messaging，emailing.but we seem to be losing(lose) the art of communicating face-to-face.3.If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.4.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iP

11、ad 2 more comfortable to hold(hold).5.Simon made a big bamboo box to keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.6.Passengers are permitted to carry(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.7.More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced to raise(raise) people

12、s concern over food safety.8.The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.2.動名詞復習中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題(1)下列動詞后只能接動名詞：suggest，finish，avoid，cant help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。(2)下列動詞短語后接動名詞：leave off，put off，give up

13、，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。(3)介詞后要接動名詞；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介詞后接動名詞。注意on/upon doing sth. as soon as 引導的從句，作此意講時on/upon后也可以接名詞。On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just st

14、arted.(4)動名詞作賓語和動詞不定式作賓語的區(qū)別：begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，cant stand例句解析1.It began to rain./It began raining.2.It was beginning to snow.3.I love lying (to lie)on my back.4.I like listening to music，but today I dont like to.5.I dont prefer to swim in the river now.1.意思無差別，但謂語動詞用進

15、行時時，后面只跟不定式。2.表示一種傾向多接動名詞作賓語，如果表示某一特定的或具體的行動，多接不定式。remember，forget，regret，try，mean例句解析1.I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2.I forgot giving it to you yesterday.I forgot to tell you about it.Now here it is.3.I regret not having worked hard.I regret to hear of

16、your sisters death.4.Try knocking at the back door.We must try to get everything ready.5.That will mean flooding some land.I had meant to go on Monday.1.remember to do sth. 記住要做的事remember doing sth. 回顧過去發(fā)生的事2.forget to do sth. 忘記要做的事forget doing sth. 忘記做過的事3.regret to do sth. 對將要做的事抱歉regret doing st

17、h. 對發(fā)生過的事后悔4.try to do sth. 設(shè)法，試圖做某事try doing sth. 試試看，試一試5.mean to do sth. 打算做，想要做mean doing sth. 意味著want，require，need例句解析1.These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.2.The patient required examining.The patient required to be examined.表達意思一樣，但用不定式時要用被動形式，用動名詞時用主動形式(表被動意義)。題組訓練2用所給動

18、詞的正確形式填空1.Its no use complaining(complain) without taking action.2.Lydia doesnt feel like studying(study) abroad. Her parents are old.3.Being exposed(expose) to the sun will do harm to your skin.4.She is afraid of being taken(take) to the public.5.Marys coming(come) late made her mother angry.3.現(xiàn)在分詞

19、復習中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題(1)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作時間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語。時間狀語(分詞前面可加when，while等)Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy.原因狀語Not having finished her work in time，the boss fired her.Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.伴隨狀語The girls came in，following their parents.結(jié)果狀語The poor old man died，leav

20、ing nothing to his children.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個特性：時間性。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般式，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時則用完成式having done。語態(tài)性。與句子主語之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)則“主動進行，被動完成”。人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語。主語bev.-ed表示被動，主語是人；主語bev.-ing表示主動，主語是物。4.過去分詞復習中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題過去分詞作狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語從句或并列分句，用來說明原因、時間、條件、伴隨等。(1)作原因狀語Tired by the trip，he soon fe

21、ll asleep.Because he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.(2)作時間狀語Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen from the hill，it looks like a garden.(3)作條件狀語Given more time，I woul

22、d have worked out the problem.If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.(4)作伴隨狀語The teacher came in，followed by some students.The teacher came in and (he) was followed by some students.分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致，但有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯上的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Her grandfather being ill，she ha

23、d to stay at home looking after him.題組訓練3用所給動詞的正確形式填空1.The island，joined(join) to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.2.Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired，keeping(keep) on your feet.3.The next thing he saw was smoke rising(rise) from behind the house.4.Look over theretheres a

24、 very long，winding path leading(lead) up to the house.5.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose) for words.6.Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.7.Gathering(gather) around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.8.More highw

25、ays have been built in China，making(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.9.The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.10.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amused(amuse) with her

26、stories.1.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period， the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.(2018江蘇，26)A.having exceeded B.to exceedC.exceeded D.exceeding答案D解析句意為：在這段時期創(chuàng)造了大約13 500個新工作，超過了市場分析師認為的12 000個的預期數(shù)量。were created是謂語，因此exceed只能用非謂語動詞形式作伴隨狀語。A項having exceeded表示exceed

27、的動作發(fā)生在were created之前，不符合語境；B項to exceed不能作伴隨狀語；C項exceeded表示主語與exceed之間為被動關(guān)系，也不符合語境。故選D。2. along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018北京，3)A.Travel B.TravelingC.Having traveled D.Traveled答案B解析選項中只有B項能作句子的主語。如果動詞作句子的主語，只能由不定式或動名詞來充當。C項常用來作狀語，表示動作先于謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生，用作本句的主語自然不符合語

28、法邏輯。句意為：沿著古絲綢之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意義的經(jīng)歷。3.During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.(2018北京，6)A.share B.to shareC.having shared D.shared答案B解析此處需要用不定式表示gather together的目的。句意為：在中秋節(jié)期間，家庭成員經(jīng)常聚到一起吃飯、賞月、品嘗月餅。4.Ordinary soap， correctly，can deal w

29、ith bacteria effectively.(2018北京，10)A.used B.to useC.using D.use答案A解析因為句子中已有謂語動詞，故此處要用非謂語動詞形式。句子的主語與use之間是被動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該選A項，即過去分詞作狀語，used correctly相當于if it is used correctly這個條件狀語從句的省略形式。句意為：普通的肥皂，如果使用得當，可以有效地清除細菌。5.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph .(2018天津，7)A.taking B.takenC.b

30、eing taken D.take答案B解析句意為：我需要一個新護照，因此我得去讓人給我照相。本題考查have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“讓別人做某事，讓被做”。my photograph與take之間是被動關(guān)系，故需用take的過去分詞形式。6.I didnt mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help it.(2018天津，12)A.to eat；to try B.eating；tryingC.eating；to try D.to eat；trying答案D解析句意為：我沒打算吃東西，但這冰淇淋看

31、上去如此美味以至于我忍不住嘗了下。mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味著做某事；cant help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事；cant help (to) do sth. 不能幫助做某事。7.Many Chinese brands， their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017江蘇，21)A.having developed B.being developedC.developed D.developin

32、g答案A解析句意為：很多中國品牌歷經(jīng)幾個世紀樹立了聲譽，它們正面臨著當代市場帶來的新挑戰(zhàn)。“ their reputations over centuries”在句中作狀語，修飾整個句子。句子主語many Chinese brands與動詞develop之間是主動關(guān)系，且句中有延續(xù)性的時間狀語over centuries，這里應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示主動和延續(xù)性的動作，因此選A。8.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment， more patients to be treated.(2017天津，14)A.being a

33、llowed B.allowingC.having allowed D.allowed答案B解析考查非謂語動詞作結(jié)果狀語。句意為：醫(yī)院最近獲得了新醫(yī)療設(shè)備，從而使更多的病人能夠得到治療。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，故選B項。9.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online their valuable time.(2017北京，27)A.save B.saving C.to save D.saved答案C解析考查不定式作目的狀語。句意為：現(xiàn)在許多航空公司允許乘客在網(wǎng)上打印登機牌以節(jié)約他們的寶貴

34、時間。不定式短語to save their valuable time在句中作目的狀語。10.The national park has a large collection of wildlife， from butterflies to elephants.(2017北京，30)A.ranging B.rangeC.to range D.ranged 答案A解析句意為：國家公園有一大批野生生物，從蝴蝶到大象都有。range from.to.從到(的范圍)。a large collection of wildlife與range之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語。11.Jim has r

35、etired，but he still remembers the happy time with his students.(2017北京，32)A.to spend B.spendC.spending D.spent 答案D解析句意為：吉姆已經(jīng)退休了，不過他仍然記得和學生們一起度過的快樂時光。the happy time與spend之間是被動關(guān)系，故此處用過去分詞形式。12.To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012.(2016浙江，10)A.

36、having conducted B.to be conductedC.conducting D.conducted答案D解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：為了再討論一下水污染的問題，我想讓大家看一項2012年在澳大利亞進行的研究。分析句子成分可知，句中沒有連詞，所以空處用非謂語動詞，且 a study和 conduct 構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。13.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.(2016浙江，19)A.working B.workC.to work D.worked答案A解析考查非

37、謂語動詞。句意為：航海的樂趣與我現(xiàn)在和學生一起上課的樂趣一樣多。題干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun doing sth. 做某事很開心，是固定搭配，故選A。14.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows， air conditioning unnecessary.(2016天津，4)A.making B.to makeC.made D.being made答案A解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：涼爽的風通過我們臥室的窗戶吹進來，沒有必要吹空調(diào)了。題中swept是謂語動詞，所以make只能用非謂語動詞形式；句子主語the

38、 cooling wind與make是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。15. the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.(2015北京，21)A.Catching B.CaughtC.To catch D.Catch答案C解析考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意為：為了趕上早班飛機，我們提前預定了出租車并且很早就起了床。這里邏輯主語是we，用不定式作目的狀語，表示提前預定出租車并且早起的目的。故選C。16. more about Chinese culture，Jack has deci

39、ded to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(2015福建，28)A.Learn B.LearnedC.To learn D.To be learning答案C解析考查非謂語動詞作目的狀語。句意為：為了了解更多的中國文化，杰克決定選擇中國民族音樂作為選修課。逗號后面沒有連詞，可以判斷此處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞，排除A項；learn與其邏輯主語Jack之間是主動關(guān)系，排除B項；此處用動詞不定式作目的狀語。17.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it live is qu

40、ite another.(2015浙江，18)A.perform B.performingC.to perform D.being performed答案D解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：在家聽音樂是一回事，去現(xiàn)場聽正在被演奏的音樂完全是另外一回事。題干中含有“hear賓語賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語it(指代music)與perform之間存在被動關(guān)系，且此處表示去現(xiàn)場聽正在被演奏的音樂，故應(yīng)用being performed作賓語補足語。18.The manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort.(2014四川，5)

41、A.having developed B.to developC.developed D.develop答案C解析考查非謂語動詞。題干中含有“see賓語賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，develop與賓語products為動賓關(guān)系，故使用過去分詞作賓補。句意為：經(jīng)理很滿意地看到在做出巨大的努力之后，許多新產(chǎn)品被開發(fā)出來。19.For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying .(2014福建，30)A.connected B.connectingC.to co

42、nnect D.to be connected答案A解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：對那些與家人離得比較遠的人來說，個人電腦和電話在保持聯(lián)系方面很重要。本句中的關(guān)鍵詞是stay(保持)，它是一個連系動詞，后接形容詞作表語。connected可作形容詞，意為“有聯(lián)系的，有來往的”，符合句意。20.Children，when by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南，21)A.to be accompanied B.to accompanyC.accompanying D.accompanied答案D解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：

43、孩子們在父母的陪同下才被允許進入該體育館。因為children和accompany之間是被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該使用過去分詞accompanied。此處是狀語從句的省略。當主從句的主語一致，且從句謂語中含有be動詞時，可將從句中的主語和be動詞一起省略，本題中的從句還原后是when they are accompanied by their parents。1.The Lifelong Learning Programme to enable people to take part in learning experiences has taken off across Europe.(2018蘇錫

44、常鎮(zhèn)一調(diào)，23)A.having been designed B.being designedC.designed D.designing答案C解析句意為：這個旨在幫助人們參與到學習中的終身學習計劃已經(jīng)在全歐洲取得重大成功。design與主語是動賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞作后置定語，故選C。2.I find singing Karaoke ，for it takes my mind off my work for a while.A.being relaxed B.to relaxC.relaxed D.relaxing答案D解析句意為：我覺得唱卡拉OK令人放松，因為它讓我暫時不去想工作的事情。fin

45、d singing Karaoke relaxing是find的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，relaxing是賓語補足語，修飾事物，意為“令人放松的，使人懶洋洋的”。3.An app that rewards students for time away from their phones is being released in the UK.(2018蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二調(diào)，25)A.spending B.spentC.to spend D.spend答案B解析句意為：在英國一種能獎勵學生不把時間花在手機上的應(yīng)用軟件正在被推出。time與spend之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞spent作后置定語，相當于定

46、語從句which is spent away from their phones，故選B項。4.The water was now two feet deep，making it difficult，if not impossible， the car out.(2017南京九中模擬，22)A.getting B.got C.to get D.get答案C解析句意為：水現(xiàn)在有兩英尺深，即使有可能，也很難把汽車弄出來。動詞不定式作真正的賓語，it是形式賓語，difficult是補足語，故選C。5.No one can avoid by advertisements.A.influencing B

47、.influencedC.being influenced D.to influence答案C解析動詞avoid后接動名詞作賓語，本題屬被動語態(tài)。故答案為C。6.Much disappointed as he is in the job interview，he still keeps his confidence.(2018泰州二模，4)A.to have failed B.failedC.having failed D.failing答案A解析be disappointed to do sth. 對感到失望；由“he still keeps his confidence(他仍然保持自信)”

48、可知此處強調(diào)這件事帶來的結(jié)果對后面產(chǎn)生了影響，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。句意為：盡管他面試失敗很失望，但他仍然保持自信。故選A。7. regular training in nursing，she could hardly cope with the work at first.(2018泰州二模，10)A.Not received B.Since receivingC.Having not received D.Not having received答案D解析句中receive和主語she是主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。且receive發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前，用having received，其否定式

49、是在前面加not。句意為：由于沒有接受過正規(guī)的護理培訓，起初她幾乎無法應(yīng)付這份工作。故選D。8.With so many orphans ，the charity organization calls for more donations.A.to look after B.being looked afterC.to be looked after D.looked after答案A解析句意為：有如此多的孤兒要照顧，這個慈善機構(gòu)需要更多的捐助。本題考查的是with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，其用法為：withn.doing/done/to do/adj.。此處用不定式表將來。9. his eyes on t

50、he album，he thought of the happy time when he lived with his parents in that mountain village.A.Fixed B.To be fixedC.Fixing D.Having fixed答案C解析句意為：目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著相冊，他回想起他和他父母一起住在那個山村的快樂時光。動詞fix和其邏輯主語he之間為主動關(guān)系，且與句子謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，故需用現(xiàn)在分詞，選C。10.Once winter became less of a threat to human beings in literature，l

51、iterary works it became more positive.(2018揚州期末，25)A.featuring B.being featuredC.having featured D.featured答案A解析句意為：一旦冬天在文學中對人類的威脅減少，以冬天為特征的文學作品就變得更加積極。句子主語由winter變?yōu)閘iterary works，前后主語不一致，用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。literary works與feature是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故選A。11.Despite his death，Castros courage and wisdom are always belie

52、ved a new generation of political leaders in Latin America.(2017如東、前黃等高級中學四校聯(lián)考，24)A.to inspire B.inspiringC.to have inspired D.having inspired答案C解析句意為：盡管卡斯特羅已經(jīng)仙逝，但是他的勇氣和智慧一直被認為激勵著拉丁美洲新一代的政治領(lǐng)導人。inspire這一動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，所以要用不定式的完成式，故C項正確。12.The autocompany succeeded in developing a new type of new e

53、nergy vehicle， countless failures.(2018南通、泰州一模，28) A.experiencing B.to experienceC.to have experienced D.having experienced答案D解析句意為：在經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)次失敗之后，這個汽車公司成功研發(fā)了一款新能源汽車。experience countless failures發(fā)生在succeed之前，用having done的形式。故選D。13.Everything smoothly，more jobs created for people allow them to be indepe

54、ndent of others.A.ran B.runsC.running D.to run答案C解析句意為：一切順利進行，為人們創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機會，使他們能夠獨立于他人。根據(jù)句意及分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號前后沒有連詞且動詞的邏輯主語不一致，所以前后不存在從屬關(guān)系，而是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，everything與run之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動。故選C。14.One of the programmes organized by WPF is Food-for-Growth programme， people at risk.A.targeting B.targetedC.target

55、ing at D.targets答案A解析句意為：由WPF組織的項目之一是Food-for-Growth項目，該項目針對處于危險中的人們?！?people at risk”作定語修飾programme，programme與target是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，target以 (某特定人群) 為目標，針對，是及物動詞，無需介詞。故選A。15. to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here.(2017南通一模，32)A.Being attac

56、hed B.AttachedC.Attaching D.Having attached答案B解析句意為：禮物上附著一張便條，用來表達他對他在這里期間我們招待他的感謝之情。分析句子成分可知note后的句子為定語從句，句子主句為“ to the gift was a note”，此句為一個完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，正常語序應(yīng)為“a note was to the gift”。表達 “某物附在上面”，用短語be attached to，故選B項。16. by beautiful green mountains and situated at the foot of Huangshan Mountain make

57、s Tai Ping Lake a famous tourist attraction.A.Surrounded B.Being surroundedC.Having been surrounded D.Surrounding答案B解析要填空的部分作主語，用動名詞，需用被動關(guān)系，所以用動名詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：被青山環(huán)抱且坐落于黃山腳下使太平湖成為一個著名的旅游景點。17.We dont hope to see children nothing in their families，for children can be easily spoiled.(2018蘇北六市聯(lián)考，33)A.denyi

58、ng B.deniedC.to deny D.being denied答案B解析句意為：我們不希望看到在家里對孩子們有求必應(yīng)，因為這樣他們很容易被寵壞。句中有兩個結(jié)構(gòu)：deny sb. nothing對某人有求必應(yīng)；see賓語賓補。children和deny之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故選B項。18.The country will not set a target to double its gross domestic product from 2021 on，more emphasis on unbalanced and inadequate development and q

59、uality of growth.A.put B.being putC.to be put D.having been put答案C解析句意為：從2021年起，那個國家將不再設(shè)定國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值翻一番的目標，而是將更多的重點放在不平衡和不充分的發(fā)展和質(zhì)量的提升上。根據(jù)句意可知，此處用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表示將來的動作且emphasis與動詞put是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用不定式的被動形式。19.What does Nickys job involve as a public relations director? quite a lot of time with other people.(

60、2017蘇北六市聯(lián)考，29)A.Spending B.Having spentC.To spend D.To have spent答案A解析句意為：尼基作為公共關(guān)系總監(jiān)是做什么工作的呢？花很多時間和別人在一起。答話者針對問題中的what進行回答，應(yīng)用動名詞短語，故選A項。20.Newly chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association，Yao Ming has put reforming the domestic games management at the top of his agenda.(2017蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，32)A.appointing B.appointedC.being appointed D.having appointed答案B解析句意為：新被任命的中國籃協(xié)主席姚明把改革國內(nèi)籃球比賽的管理放在他日程表的第一位。根據(jù)語境可知，設(shè)空處充當定語，修飾chairman，它與appoint之間存在被動關(guān)系，排除A、D。另外being appointed表示正在被任命，不符合語境，故選B項。