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1、2016高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考點(diǎn)與?？键c(diǎn)歸納一、冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。I. 不定冠詞的用法1指一類(lèi)人或事，相當(dāng)于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有個(gè)男孩在等你。3表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相當(dāng)于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類(lèi)似性質(zhì)的人或事 Hello, could I spea

2、k to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷鋒）6用于固定詞組中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之

3、后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前success(抽象名詞)a success(具體化) 成功的人或事a failure 失敗的人或事 a shame 帶來(lái)恥辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遺憾的事 a must 必需必備的事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知識(shí)II. 定冠詞的用法1表示某一類(lèi)人或物In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; the B. /

4、; a C. the; a D. the; the 2用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于演奏樂(lè)器play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類(lèi)人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”（對(duì)比上文的不定冠詞用法5）Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?S

5、orry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前He is the taller of the two children.8用于國(guó)家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代in

6、 the 1990s(二十世紀(jì)九十年代)11用于表示度量單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞He patted me on the shoulder.III. 不用冠詞（又名零冠詞）的用法1專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期

7、，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5表示球類(lèi)，棋類(lèi)等運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent. A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填D. 不填；不填7以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名

8、詞并用時(shí)husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.二、名詞和主謂一致I. 名詞的種類(lèi)專有名詞普通名詞國(guó)名地名人名，團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞特別注意:名詞類(lèi)別的相互轉(zhuǎn)換個(gè)體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換例 句意 義名詞性質(zhì)She held some flowers in her hand.The trees are now in flower花兒個(gè)體名詞開(kāi)花抽象名詞Youth is beautiful.He is a youth of t

9、wenty青春抽象名詞年輕人個(gè)體名詞They have achieved remarkable success in their work.How about the Christmas evening party? I should say it was a success. 成功抽象名詞成功的事個(gè)體名詞物質(zhì)名詞與個(gè)體名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換例 句意 義名詞性質(zhì)Iron is a kind of metal.Please lend me your iron.鐵物質(zhì)名詞熨斗個(gè)體名詞He broke a piece of glass.He broke a glass.玻璃物質(zhì)名詞玻璃杯個(gè)體名詞I boug

10、ht a chicken this morningPlease help yourself to some chicken小雞個(gè)體名詞雞肉物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞與個(gè)體名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換具有動(dòng)作意義的抽象名詞加用與某些動(dòng)詞（如：have等）連用，表示某一次短暫的動(dòng)作Id like_information about the management of your hotel,please.Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,aThey sent us

11、word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名詞）A.a B.an C./ D.theCould we have word before you go to the meeting? 話（個(gè)體名詞）A.a B.an C./ D.the類(lèi)例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance(進(jìn)步)/make an early start(早點(diǎn)出發(fā))/make a decision/make a change/gi

12、ve a cry of pain(發(fā)出痛苦的叫聲) /give a try表示知識(shí)和時(shí)間的抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示其中的一部分Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade today.A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, thea knowledge of truth(知道實(shí)際情況)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供關(guān)于中國(guó)更為翔實(shí)的知識(shí))have a knowledge of shorthand(有速記的知識(shí)

13、) If there were no examination, we should have_at school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time is money. A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞可用來(lái)表示“一次、一陣、一種”具體的行為、事件、現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果。這時(shí)名詞前往往有形容詞修飾Oh, John. _you gave me!A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleas

14、ant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surpriseShe looked up when I shouted.A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surpriseIt is_work of art that everyone wants to have a look at

15、 it.A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusualII. 名詞的數(shù)規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es（參看有關(guān)語(yǔ)法書(shū)）。英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，請(qǐng)看下表III. 主謂一致規(guī) 則例 詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes, tro

16、users, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people, police, cattle, staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊(duì)), times(時(shí)代), spirits(情緒)

17、, drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報(bào)紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)7表示“某國(guó)人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law, lookers-on, pa

18、ssers-by, story-tellers, boy friends無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers, men servants規(guī)則情 況舉 例語(yǔ)法一致原則以單數(shù)名詞或代詞動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eye

19、s. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.由連接詞and或bothand連接起來(lái)的主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。但若所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)就用單數(shù)形式。由and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有no, each,

20、 every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some, any no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。.Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every student and every teach is in the classroom.Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it

21、.Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter若none of 后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)。若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America.在定語(yǔ)從句里，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Those who

22、 want to go please write their names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分一致It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式； 如果它指的集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

23、詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) His family are watching TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的學(xué)生）由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ he

24、aps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，還有a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞有類(lèi)似的用法（用復(fù)數(shù)），但the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number 而定（用

25、單數(shù)）。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. Such are the facts.Between the two hills stands a monument.邏輯意義一致原則What, who, wh

26、ich, any, more, all 等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)， 主要靠意思來(lái)決定。Which is your bag? Which are your bags?Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen?All can be done has been done. All is going well. All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.表示時(shí)間重量長(zhǎng)度價(jià)值等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。Thirt

27、y minutes is enough for the work.Twenty pounds is too dear.如強(qiáng)調(diào)這類(lèi)詞的復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.若英語(yǔ)是書(shū)名名格言劇名報(bào)名國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。The United States is smaller than China.“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half”后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。One and

28、 a half apples is left on the table.一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞， 實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。The paper works was built in 1990.這家造紙廠建于1990年。I dont think physics is easy to study.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a(

29、the) pair of 等量詞修飾時(shí)（clothes被a suit of 修飾）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類(lèi)人動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；若表示某一類(lèi)東西時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The old are taken good care of there.The beautiful gives pleasure to all.就近/遠(yuǎn)一致原則當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 連接時(shí)，謂

30、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致,即就近一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right.Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right?there be 句型中be 動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and 連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致，即就近一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.There

31、 is a desk and two chairs in the room.主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短語(yǔ)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要跟主語(yǔ)一致，即就遠(yuǎn)一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on t

32、he bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.三、代詞I. 代詞可以分為以下八大類(lèi)1人稱代詞主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them形容詞性

33、物主代詞my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性物主代詞mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs2反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves3指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some4疑問(wèn)代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever5關(guān)系代詞/連接代詞that, which, who

34、, whom, whose, as6不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a littleother/ another, all/ both, neither/ either7相互代詞each other,one anotherII. 不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)類(lèi) 別區(qū) 別例 句one, some，any和itone可以泛指人或者事（東西），其復(fù)數(shù)為onesWeve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet. A.on

35、e B.ones C.it D.them Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A.one B.ones C.it D.those some可用于疑問(wèn)句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請(qǐng)求等Your coffee smells great! Its from MexicoWould you like _?A.it B.some C.this D.1ittlesome 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some表示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)I have re

36、ad this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? _way as you please.A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Eitherone指同類(lèi)中的一個(gè)，it指代同一種類(lèi)的東西。此外it還可以作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)和用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中。There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? No, I

37、d rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;itsome多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句Theres _cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _. A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any C.a little,some D.a little,anyWe had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _.A.none

38、 B.either C.any D.eachHe doesnt have _ furniture in his room -just an old desk.A. any B. many C. some D. mucheach和everyeach強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上Each student has a pocket dictionary.Each (of us) has a dictionary. = We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak po

39、ints. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.none和nono等于not any，作定語(yǔ)。none作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.other和anotherother泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如：the other day, ever

40、y otherweek, someother reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為the othersBoth sides have accused of breaking the contract.A. another B. the other C. neither D. eachTwo students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.another指“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”無(wú)所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”We had a picnic last

41、 term and it was a lot of fun，so lets have _ one this month Athe other Bsome Canother DotherThe trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.either和neither前者意思為：兩者都（兩者中任何一方都）；后者意思為：兩者都Do you want tea or coffee? _, I really dont min

42、d. A. none B. neither C. either D. allIt was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language.A. none B. neither C. both D. each四、形容詞和副詞I. 形容詞1.形容詞的位置：形容詞作定語(yǔ)通常前置，但在下列情況下后置1修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)nobody absent, everything possible2以-ab

43、le, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后置the only person awake4和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)a bridge 50 meters long5成對(duì)的形容詞可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容詞短語(yǔ)一般后置a man difficult to get on with7enough修飾名詞時(shí)可以前置也可以后置，但修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)要

44、后置_to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave注意：多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序熟記口訣就可以順利解題：限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國(guó)籍跟材料，作用類(lèi)別往后靠。規(guī)則：限定語(yǔ)（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（?。? shape（形狀）+ age（年齡、時(shí)間）+

45、color（顏色）+ origin（國(guó)籍、來(lái)源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。This _ girl is Lindas cousin. (05北京卷)A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish2.復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成1形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名詞+形容詞world-famous2形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-lo

46、oking8名詞+過(guò)去分詞snow-covered4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-egged5副詞+過(guò)去分詞newly-built10數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-year3.形容詞（短語(yǔ)）作伴隨狀語(yǔ)As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 當(dāng)他看著山羊的時(shí)候，山羊翻了個(gè)身，死了。Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困難，他們寧愿走好走的路。II.副詞的分類(lèi)：1時(shí)間副詞soon, now, early, finally,

47、once, recently5頻度副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地點(diǎn)副詞here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑問(wèn)副詞how, where, when, why3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副詞almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8關(guān)系副詞when, where, whyI

48、II. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。項(xiàng) 目例 句同級(jí)比較時(shí)常常用 asas以及not so(as)asShe is as tall as her mother.I am not as/ so good a player as you are.雙方比較，表示一方超過(guò)另一方時(shí)，用“比較級(jí) （+ than）”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。要注意題干中將比較的另一方陰藏起來(lái)的情況。This picture is more beautiful than that one.I

49、 have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one).表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess + 原級(jí) + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方隨另一方變化時(shí)用“the morethe more”句型The harder you work, the more progress you will make用比較級(jí)來(lái)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思I have never spent a more worrying day.我從來(lái)沒(méi)有度過(guò)這樣令人煩惱的一天。（意為：我度過(guò)了

50、最為令人煩惱的一天。）倍數(shù)的表達(dá)表達(dá)法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。表達(dá)法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲

51、大三倍。表達(dá)法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.注意：1. 可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal；2. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒(méi)有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。如：fa

52、vourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。五、動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）及物動(dòng)詞（帶賓語(yǔ)）：study, develop;不及物動(dòng)詞（不帶賓語(yǔ)）work, swim, go, come狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（相對(duì)靜止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞：延續(xù)性（work, stay）；非延續(xù)性（marry, go, come）連系動(dòng)詞（漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有這種詞類(lèi)）助動(dòng)詞（與動(dòng)詞原形或分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)）be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will

53、,would,shall情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的構(gòu)成方式及其注意點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞+副詞所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分及物的和不及物的兩類(lèi)Please turn every light in the house off. 請(qǐng)把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。（及物）Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚會(huì)后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。（不及物）注意：如果賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)She turned off all the lights which had been

54、left on. 她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。如果賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間She gave them away.她送掉了它們。同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí)，意義上有很大的差異ring back回電話 ring off掛斷電話 ring up打電話put away放好 put on穿，上演 put up掛起，舉起。不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上有很大的差異break out發(fā)生，爆炸 carry out 進(jìn)行，開(kāi)展 go out 熄滅 hand out 分發(fā) let out 放出 look out 當(dāng)心sell out 賣(mài)完 set out 出發(fā), take out 取出 work

55、out 算出 動(dòng)詞+介詞(及物)Im looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼鏡。注意：當(dāng)它跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能把介詞放在賓語(yǔ)后面。同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)，意義上有很大的差異。look after照料，look at看，look for尋找動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就見(jiàn)到你。注：“動(dòng)詞+介詞”、“動(dòng)詞+名詞+副詞”、“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after

56、. (不能漏掉after) 這樣一來(lái)，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了?？键c(diǎn)聚焦及解題點(diǎn)撥(單個(gè)動(dòng)詞)同義詞近義詞辨析從三個(gè)方面考慮：詞的恰切含義、搭配（與介詞、名詞或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配）和用法（是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞）系動(dòng)詞的用法狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞keep,remain,stay,continue,lie,stand,rest表象系動(dòng)詞seem,appear感官/感覺(jué)系動(dòng)詞look,smell,taste,sound,feel變化系動(dòng)詞become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come終止系動(dòng)詞prove,turn out解答這類(lèi)試題的關(guān)鍵首先是弄清題意，然后是分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，由此可

57、判斷出該動(dòng)詞是否用作系動(dòng)詞，最后確定所要填入的答案。特別關(guān)注：go hungry,come true,turn writer接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞give sb. sth=give sth.to sb buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb但是我們只能說(shuō)：suggest sth. to sb. explain sth.to sb. read sth. to sb.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析熟記?？嫉亩陶Z(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的意義容易被我們忽視的知識(shí)點(diǎn)sell, write, wash, wear等詞的主動(dòng)形式后跟副詞表示被動(dòng)意義happen, occur,take place, break out, come

58、out, belong to等無(wú)被動(dòng)形式六、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 常用?？嫉膭?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和用法：（以do為例）名稱構(gòu)成用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does,( 連系動(dòng)詞is/am/are )1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。2.主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。Ill go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.3.在以here,there開(kāi)頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車(chē)來(lái)了。Here she comes.她來(lái)了。一般過(guò)去時(shí)did,( 連系動(dòng)詞was/were)表達(dá)特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/are doing1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。He is working as