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1、Unit 2 Part I Listening Task Script for the recording: Are you curious to know what can turn a young boy into a vegetarian? Listen to what James, an 11-year-old, has to say. I decided to become a vegetarian when I was in first grade, after something happened to open my eyes. My teacher had b

2、rought two adorable turkeys to school for us to play with. Every day, when we were dismissed for recess, I would go to Mr. and Mrs. Turkey. It was the best part of my day. Thanksgiving came and went. The first day back for school, I ran to go see the turkeys, but both of them were gone. I was terr

3、ified! I went up to my teacher and asked her what had happened to the turkeys. She said that she had killed them and eaten them for Thanksgiving dinner! I was horrified to think of those sweet creatures being nothing more than someone's meal. That's how I became a vegetarian. From that day on, I d

4、ecided not to eat meat ever again. I am the only vegetarian in my family, which is tough sometimes. My mom says I have a lot of willpower because she tried becoming a vegetarian but couldn't. She did not have the same experience I had because she did not know Mrs. & Mr. Turkey. I think it is harsh t

5、o kill animals and then eat them. I know that some animals are raised to be killed and eaten but it is just not right in my opinion. I know that this might sound a bit ridiculous, but I think that if we are able to eat animals then animals should be able to eat us too. Most kids my age don't agree w

6、ith me but I plan to stick with my beliefs and stay a vegetarian for life. After Listening 1. When James was in first grade, his teacher brought two adorable turkeys to school for the children to play with. 2. The first day back for school after Thanksgiving, James was terrified to see that bo

7、th of the turkeys were gone. He went up to his teacher and found out that the sweet creatures had been reduced to nothing more than someone’s meal. 3. From that day on, he decided not to eat meat ever again. 4. James thinks it is harsh to kill animals and then eat them. Most children his age don’

8、t agree with him but he plans to stick with his beliefs and stay a vegetarian for life. Part II Reading Task Text A Comprehension Possible answers to content questions: 1. They have chosen to not eat meat. 2. Vegetarian food sales are showing unparalleled growth. Especially popular are mea

9、t-free burgers and hot dogs, and the plant-based cuisines of India, China, Mexico, Italy and Japan. 3. The basic truth that medical research has uncovered is that plant foods lower your risk of chronic disease; animal foods increase it. 4. The nutritional drawbacks of animal foods are: they are de

10、void of fiber, contain far too much saturated fat and cholesterol, and may even carry traces of hormones, steroids and antibiotics. 5. Animal foods are also unsafe in that they are the breeding grounds for E. coli, campylobacter and other bacteria that cause illness. According to the Canadian Food

11、 Inspection Agency, six out of ten chickens are infected with salmonella. 6. Governments have unfortunately bowed to pressure from powerful lobby groups such as the Beef Information Center, the Canadian Egg Marketing Agency and the Dairy Farmers of Canada. The exertion of pressure by these groups s

12、hould come as no surprise: Even a minor reduction in recommended intakes of animal protein could cost these industries billions of dollars a year. 7. The author says so because vast resources are required to raise, feed, shelter, transport, process and package farm animals slaughtered each year. Wa

13、ter and energy are used at every step of the way. 8. John Robbins suggested that we eat lower on the food chain. And that, according to him, is perhaps the most potent single act we can take to halt the destruction of our environment and preserve our natural resources. 9. What he saw at the countr

14、y’s largest “processing” plants shocked him drastically. He watched "stubborn" cows being beaten and squealing pigs chased around the killing floor with electric calipers. He saw a cow which had missed the stun gun was hoisted fully conscious upside down by its hind leg and cut to pieces, thrashing

15、until its last breath. 10. Because animal welfare always comes second to profit. It can cost hundreds of dollars per minute to stop the conveyor line. 11. Animals' living conditions on most of today's modernized farms are miserable. Most of today's modernized farms have long, windowless sheds in w

16、hich animals live like prisoners their entire lives. Few of the animals ever experience sunlight or fresh air—and most of their natural urges are denied. 12. A vegetarian diet not only affects the quality of our lives, but the rest of the living world. We hold in our knives and forks the power to c

17、hange this world. In Albert Einstein’s words, a vegetarian diet will benefit human health and increase the chances for survival of life on Earth. Text Analysis 1. Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-4 Many people are now shifting away from meat. Part Two Paras 5-29 There are v

18、arious reasons for choosing a vegetarian lifestyle. Part Three Paras 30-32 The author urges his readers to decide on a vegetarian diet for the benefit of all concerned. 2. Argumentation. 3. Causes Effect 1 To raise, feed ... animals consumes large quantities of resources. Animal-

19、based agriculture is one of the most environmentally destructive industries on the face of the Earth. 2 To graze and grow food for animals takes up vast agricultural land 3 Animal waste pollutes wells, rivers, etc. 4 Livestock produces 20 percent of the world's methane. 4. In so doing the

20、 author intends to make the essay more convincing and therefore more persuasive. Language Sense Enhancement 1. (1) vegetarian (2) environmentally destructive (3) process (4) slaughtered (5) grain (6) grazing (7) fuel (8) heightens (9) shift away from (10) converted Vocabulary I.

21、1. 1) appetite 2) destructive 3) agency 4) processed 5) saturated 6) utter 7) hoisted 8) referring to 9) retrieve 10) Unfortunately 2. 1) Peter was chasing the dog and Tom was riding the wooden horse in the garden. 2) They all looked on except one young man. He took her to the hospi

22、tal instantly. 3) I laid charges against the company and won the case. 4) If we want to stay competitive, first of all we need to modernize our factory. 5) They got irrigation water from the dammed rivers. 3. 1) Except in the oases the desert is almost devoid of vegetation, although some stun

23、ted, thorny shrubs grow in the western Sahara. 2) The fruits growing wild in the coastal forest are edible. 3) The national security agency made recommendations for improving safety standards in airplanes / to improve safety standards in airplanes. 4) The Beatles enjoyed success on a scale unpar

24、alleled by any previous pop group. 5) The emergence of language was a defining factor in the evolution of modern humans. 4. 1) Excluding other factors such as quality and price, products which are attractively packaged are bound to attract more consumers, particularly children and young people.

25、 Packaging has become an important way to boost / of boosting the sales of products. 2) In the eyes of some businessmen, consumers' health comes second to profits. They sell chicken infected with salmonella and crabs with traces of antibiotics. 3) It can be hard to go vegetarian. The important thi

26、ng is to make changes you feel comfortable with, at your own pace. While stopping consuming any products for which animals are bred and slaughtered may be ideal, even a slight reduction in meat consumption is a step in the right direction. 5. 1) get over 2) got to 3) get through 4) get over

27、 5) get by 6) get away 7) got in 8) get …out 9) get along 10) get away with II. Collocation 1. I asked her why she didn't make use of her talent and sing a pop song on the graduation day. 2. Uncle Tom, the long-suffering slave in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, died a miserable

28、death. 3. We still have to learn how to live a harmonious life, not only with other people but also with the environment. 4. Breathing a deep breath, he ran up to take the penalty kick. 5. I dreamed a bad dream last night in which I was running through the forest, and being chased by a bear. 6.

29、My friend smiled a bitter smile when I asked her whether she'd found all the money she'd lost. 7. Black people have a hard fight to fight before they win real equality. 8. People with mood disorders often sleep a troubled sleep. They toss and turn, restlessly occupied with negative thoughts. Co

30、mprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. Text-related (1) exclude (2) stubborn (3) devoid of (4) bow to (5) potent (6) drawbacks (7) contaminating (8) heightened (9) infected (10) come second to 2. Theme-related (1) consumption (2) between (3) packed (4) evident (5) population (6) enc

31、ouraging (7) grave (8) against (9) criticize (10) itself II. Translation Study after study has uncovered the fact that there is a close correlation between food and a number of chronic diseases. For example, a decreased risk of certain chronic diseases is associated with an increased consum

32、ption of plant-based foods. Therefore, in the past decade, the American Dietetic Association has urged Americans to reduce their intake of animal fats, and to boost consumption of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Meanwhile, the United States Department of Agriculture has released a document containin

33、g the food guide pyramid, which encourages a minimum of three vegetable and two fruit servings per day. However, many Americans still don’t meet / listen to these recommendations. Part III Home Reading Task Text B Comprehension Check 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. d 6. b Translation 除了某些宗教派別

34、，很少有人自愿吃素。素食主義往往是貧窮旳不幸產(chǎn)物。然而，那伙吃素旳還說(shuō)什么“人類并非天生旳肉食者”。相比那些貓科動(dòng)物及其他純食肉動(dòng)物，我們旳牙齒不夠鋒利，我們旳腸道又過(guò)長(zhǎng)。但人類也并非抱負(fù)旳食草動(dòng)物。猶如其他雜食動(dòng)物(如熊和浣熊)同樣，我們旳消化系統(tǒng)可以應(yīng)付多種多樣旳食物。 Language Practice 1. 1) e 2) g 3) f 4) h 5) a 6) b 7) c 8) d 2. 1) see…through 2) readily 3) imported 4) with the exception of 5) suffice it t

35、o say that 6) hygiene 7) harmful 8) Strip away 9) fallacy 10) cycle 11) surpluses 12) made a mess of Part IV Comprehensive Language Practice Model paper What Does Diet Have to Do with the Environment? Just what effect diet has on the environment is a matter of some contention. Vegetar

36、ians claim that meat eating is harmful to the environment for a number of reasons. They argue that raising animals is wasteful in terms of resources, requiring far more energy and land than is required for producing grain and other basics of a vegetarian diet. Far better, they suggest, to use land t

37、o raise crops that can be fed to people directly than to use so much land, as at present, to raise livestock. In addition, there is the problem of pollution posed by disposing of animal wastes. Meat eaters tend to reject such arguments. They point out that much of the world's arable land is unsuita

38、ble for cultivation and is best suited to use as pasture. Animals can also use up damaged crops and crop residues left over from producing human food. Arguments about the amount of energy needed to raise animals are dismissed because they give insufficient attention to the greater food energy provided by meat. As for manure, this is seen as a positive benefit that should be ploughed back into the soil to increase fertility rather than relying so heavily on chemical fertilizers. (201 words)