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1、1學(xué)校教課Related Conception(相關(guān)概念相關(guān)概念)1.名詞名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。同位語。The boy is li Ming.主語表語Mr.Liang,a 24-year-old boy,teaches us English.主語同位語賓語2學(xué)校教課在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充當(dāng)語、表語和同位語，

2、由一個句子來充當(dāng),這個句子就叫這個句子就叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句。什么是名詞性從句什么是名詞性從句?名詞性從句名詞性從句主語從句主語從句(The Subject Clause)賓語從句賓語從句 (The Object Clause)表語從句表語從句 (The Predicative Clause)同位語從句同位語從句 (The Appositive Clause)3學(xué)校教課 名詞性從句 主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句主語從句在句中做-賓語從句在句中做-表語從句在句中做-同位語從句在句中-主語賓語表語同位語1.That he will come is certain.2.I know tha

3、t he will come.3.The truth is that I have been there.4.The fact that she was late surprised us.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句4學(xué)校教課1.為什么叫名詞性從句？_整個從句相當(dāng)于一個名詞比較:The man looked around.That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.同樣作主語，從句可以表示較復(fù)雜的含義,一般是個動作或性質(zhì)I know him.I know that he is writing his com

4、position in his room2.為什么要有名詞性從句？那人看了看四周.(名詞作主語)那孩子考試又不及格令他母親很失望.(從句作主語)我知道他在房間里寫作文.從句的特征:是一個句子,有一個引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)詞做從句的一個成分(that 除外)名詞能做的成分,從句都能做 從句表達(dá)的意思比名詞復(fù)雜得多5學(xué)校教課請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an h

5、onest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.(主從主從)(同位語從句同位語從句)(賓從賓從)(表從表從)(同位語從句同位語從句)(定從定從)(主從主從)6學(xué)校教課 主語從句that whether who whom whose what which when where why how從 句引導(dǎo)詞:1.Th

6、at he knows Japanese is known to all.他懂英語,這一點大家都知道令我驚訝的是在這兒見到他.3.When he will come is unknown.4.Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.他來不來沒什么要緊的他什么時候來不清楚.他們是怎么登上山頂?shù)娜允莻€秘密.5.It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主語從句的位置主語從句的位置 1.在句首在句首 2.主語較長時通常放主語較長時通常放在后在后面面,句首主語用句首主語用 It 主語太長了!放到句尾

7、Details Details Details Details That無詞義無詞義,不可省略不可省略What“什么”,“所.的”2.What surprised me was to see him here.When“什么時候”主語從句主語從句不用不用 if位于句首位于句首7學(xué)校教課主語從句主語從句v主語從句在復(fù)合句中做句子的主語。主語從句在復(fù)合句中做句子的主語。1.That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.2.Why he fail

8、ed the exam wasnt clear.4.It is a pity that she cannot come.3.Whether he has failed the exam wasnt clear.8學(xué)校教課2）主語從句的連接詞主語從句的連接詞1.連詞連詞that(無詞義無詞義,不作成分不作成分,不能省略不能省略,只起連只起連接作用接作用);whether(是否是否),不作成分不作成分,不用不用if.That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we will succeed is still a question.注意注意:已確

9、定的事由已確定的事由thatthat引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo);沒決定的事由沒決定的事由whetherwhether引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo).9學(xué)校教課他星期三來這里是肯定的。他星期三來這里是肯定的。That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.注意：從句作主語時，就算是句子意思完整，都要加注意：從句作主語時，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上從屬連詞上從屬連詞that他星期三是否來這里還不肯定的。他星期三是否來這里還不肯定的。Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.注意：注意：that 引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首很

10、少，只是主語從句放在句首很少，只是為了強(qiáng)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或謂語較長時才這樣調(diào)或謂語較長時才這樣10學(xué)校教課3.連接副詞連接副詞when(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why,how long,how often,how soon,how far,how many/much 等等.When the test will be given is not yet decided.How much we can spend must be agreed on.2.連接代詞連接代詞what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever,whose等等.在從句做

11、在從句做主語主語/賓語賓語/表語表語What you said is perfectly true.(賓語賓語)Whoever comes will be welcome.誰來都?xì)g迎誰來都?xì)g迎11學(xué)校教課v連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑保留自己的疑問含義問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分的成分。v在主語從句中作主語、賓語、表語、狀語在主語從句中作主語、賓語、表語、狀語v這些連接詞不能省略這些連接詞不能省略；注意注意12學(xué)校教課vWhat caused the accident is a complete mystery.

12、(主主)vWhatever she said was right.(賓語賓語)vWho will win the match is still unknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。vWhoever comes to the party will receive a present.（主語）（主語）13學(xué)校教課vWhen hell be back depends much on the weather.vWhere the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.(狀語狀語)英語晚會將在哪

13、里舉行，還沒有宣布。英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。vWhy he failed the exam wasnt clear.(狀語狀語)vHow the book will sell depends on its author.(狀語狀語)14學(xué)校教課3）注意事項：）注意事項：1.為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免頭重腳輕，主語為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免頭重腳輕，主語從句常用從句常用“it”作形式主語，把真正的主語作形式主語，把真正的主語放在后面放在后面。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：用句型如下：It is known to us that he

14、 will come here.15學(xué)校教課v（1）It+be+形容詞形容詞+主語從句主語從句 v（2）It+be+名詞名詞+主語從句主語從句 v（3）It+不及物動詞不及物動詞+主語主語 從句從句 v（4）It+及物及物 動詞的被動語態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)+主語從句主語從句 常用句型如下：常用句型如下：16學(xué)校教課It+be+形容詞形容詞 主語從句主語從句It is necessary/important that.是有必要是有必要/重要的重要的It is obvious/clear that 很明顯很明顯It is certain/true that 是肯定的是肯定的It is true tha

15、t 是事實是事實It is strange that 很奇怪很奇怪It is natural that 是很自然的是很自然的17學(xué)校教課It+be+名詞名詞 主語從句主語從句It is a pity/a shame 真遺憾真遺憾It is a surprise.令人驚奇的是令人驚奇的是It is a fact 事實是事實是It is an honor 是我的榮幸是我的榮幸 It is a wonder 是奇跡是奇跡18學(xué)校教課It+不及物動詞不及物動詞 that從句從句It appears/seems that 似乎似乎/看起來看起來It happens that.碰巧碰巧It occurre

16、d to me that 我突然想起我突然想起It doesnt matter whether19學(xué)校教課It+be+-ed分詞分詞 主語從句主語從句It is believed/thought that 人們相信人們相信It is well known to us/all that.眾所周知眾所周知It has been decided that 已經(jīng)決定已經(jīng)決定It is said/reported that 據(jù)聽說據(jù)聽說/據(jù)報道據(jù)報道Eg:It is known to us how he became a writer.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。

17、It+及物動詞（被動語態(tài)）及物動詞（被動語態(tài)）+主語從句主語從句20學(xué)校教課vIt is a pity that we cant go.vIt is certain that she will do well in her exam.vIt is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.vIt depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.21學(xué)校教課2.在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語

18、氣時，謂語動詞要用虛 擬 語 氣虛 擬 語 氣“(s h o u l d)+d o”，常用的句型有：常用的句型有：vIt is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that vIt is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that 22學(xué)校教課主語從句中的虛擬語氣主語從句中的虛擬語氣vIt is suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted+that(should)do vIt is important,necessa

19、ry,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,impossible+that(should)do vIt is a pity,a shame,no wonder(難怪)+that(should)do 23學(xué)校教課 what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時在句時在從句中充當(dāng)句引導(dǎo)主語從句時在句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語子成分，如主語,賓語賓語,表語，而表語，而that 則不然。則不然。例如：例如：1)_you said yesterday is right.2)_she is still alive is a good thing.It is right what you s

20、aid yesterday.It is a good thing that she is still alive.WhatThat3.what 與與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)別別24學(xué)校教課用 it 句型翻譯:1.據(jù)說今年高一學(xué)生要學(xué)新教材據(jù)說今年高一學(xué)生要學(xué)新教材.2.事實是他們靠自己完成了所有的任務(wù)事實是他們靠自己完成了所有的任務(wù).3.碰巧他們已經(jīng)參加過軍訓(xùn)了碰巧他們已經(jīng)參加過軍訓(xùn)了.4.眾所周知眾所周知,比爾比爾 蓋茨是世界上最富有的人蓋茨是世界上最富有的人.5.我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣這很重要我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣這很重要.It is said that th

21、e Senior Grade one students will learn a new text this year.It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.It happened that they had had their military training.It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.It is important that we(should)form a good habit of studyin

22、g.25學(xué)校教課II.表語從句表語從句v在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。1.That is why he didnt pass the exam.2.The question is where he has gone.3.The problem is that he has gone.4.It looks/seems as if/though it were going to rain.26學(xué)校教課表語從句從 句 同主語從句(11個),外加as if/引導(dǎo)詞:as though,1.The truth is that he has never been to the

23、 countryside.2.The question is whether w can finish the experiment by Friday.3.It looks as if it were going to rain.實際情況是他從未去過農(nóng)村.that 一般不省略問題在于我們能否在明天下午之前完成這項實驗.表語從句不用 if好象看上去要下雨似的.(其實不會)as if/as though從句常表示不真實的情況She talks as if/as though she had been there before.她說話的口氣好象以前去過那兒似的她說話的口氣好象以前去過那兒似的.又比

24、如:4.This school is no longer what it was before.這所學(xué)校已不再是從前的那個樣子了這所學(xué)校已不再是從前的那個樣子了.what=the thing that More 系動詞后面系動詞后面27學(xué)校教課注意下列表語從句中where,how,why 的譯法1.This is where Lu Xun once lived.2.That was how they won the match.3.This is why she got up so early this morning.這就是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的地方.他們就是這樣贏得這場比賽的.這就是她為什么今天早

25、上起得這么早的原因.1.我們就是這樣克服困難的我們就是這樣克服困難的.2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因那就是他昨天缺席的原因.3.這就是我們上星期碰頭的地方這就是我們上星期碰頭的地方.This is/That was how we overcame the difficulties.That is why he was absent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday.This is 總是現(xiàn)在時That is 表示性質(zhì) That was 指過去動作固定句型固定句型:This is where This is why This is how.這就是的地

26、方這就是的原因這就是的方法28學(xué)校教課試區(qū)分以下句子試區(qū)分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：這種句子考試時一定要記住這句話：名注意：這種句子考試時一定要記住這句話：名詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子是屬于哪種從句再完成。是屬于哪種從句再完成。(表從表從)(定從定從)(定從定從

27、)29學(xué)校教課II 表語從句表語從句在句中充當(dāng)表語的從句在句中充當(dāng)表語的從句(即放在即放在be動詞后面動詞后面)叫做表叫做表語從句。語從句。我們的目的是他能認(rèn)識到錯誤。我們的目的是他能認(rèn)識到錯誤。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引導(dǎo)表語從句的注意：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞一般不省略連接詞一般不省略。問題是它是否值得做。問題是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：注意：表語從句表示表語從句表示“是否是否”只用只用“whether”而不用而不用“if”30學(xué)校教課2.1

28、引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞v引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句主語從句的關(guān)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞聯(lián)詞大致一樣大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用有時用as if引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。v其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動詞系動詞+that從句，從句，v引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how，because等。等。31學(xué)校教課(1)that,whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句vthat在引導(dǎo)表語從

29、句時無詞義，在引導(dǎo)表語從句時無詞義，不做成分，不做成分，而而whether有詞義，意為、有詞義，意為、“是否是否”,不做成分不做成分。這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞,如如 question,trouble,problem,result,chance,suggestion，idea，reason等。等。eg:The reason is that you dont trust her.The question is whether they will be able to help us.問題是他們是否能幫我們。問題是他們是否能幫我們。32學(xué)校教課(2)連接代詞引導(dǎo)的

30、表語從句連接代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句v連接代詞連接代詞what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever v在句中作主語在句中作主語/賓語，不能省略。賓語，不能省略。eg:The problem is who we can get to replace her.問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。Thats what he is worrying about.那就是他在擔(dān)心的事。那就是他在擔(dān)心的事。33學(xué)校教課(3)連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句v連接副詞連接副詞 where,when,ho

31、w,whyv在表語從句中做狀語在表語從句中做狀語vThe question is how he did it.問題是他是如何做此事的。問題是他是如何做此事的。34學(xué)校教課(4)連詞連詞because,as if,as thoughvHe was late this morning.That was because he was caught in a traffic jam.vAll this was over twenty years ago,but its as if it was only yesterday.這都是這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。v

32、He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來還與十年前一樣。他看起來還與十年前一樣。v注：從屬連詞注：從屬連詞if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，但但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句，卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句，v能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be,seem,look等。等。vIt looked as if it was going to rain.看起來天要下雨了?？雌饋硖煲掠炅?。35學(xué)校教課難點難點v1.連詞連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：eg:I think i

33、t is because you are doing too much.我想這是因為你做得太多。我想這是因為你做得太多。v2.引導(dǎo)表語從句的引導(dǎo)表語從句的that不省略，不省略，that僅起連接作用，僅起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，無任何意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，無任何意義。eg:The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.他給我的印象是他是一個可靠的人他給我的印象是他是一個可靠的人v3.whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句，表可引導(dǎo)表語從句，表“是否是否”，它在從句，它在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，中不充當(dāng)成分，if不能

34、引導(dǎo)表語從句。不能引導(dǎo)表語從句。eg:Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.36學(xué)校教課v4.the reason后面的表語從句只能用后面的表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，易犯易犯“the reason is because”的錯誤的錯誤 eg:The reason why he was late was that his car broke down on the way.v5.在表示命令在表示命令order,advice,suggestion,desire,proposal,demand,request,requi

35、rement等的等的名詞后的表語從句中，謂語動詞要名詞后的表語從句中，謂語動詞要 用虛擬語用虛擬語氣：氣：should+動詞原形動詞原形，should可省略可省略 eg:His suggestion is that we(should)hold another meeting to discuss the problem.37學(xué)校教課最具代表性的表語從句最具代表性的表語從句v1.That is why practice is the most important in learning English.v2.The village is no longer what it used to be

36、 ten years ago.v3.That was because he was caught in a traffic jam.v4.The reason why he was late was that his car broke down on the way.38學(xué)校教課1.I know him.2.I know who he is.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語（簡單句）（簡單句）主語主語謂語謂語賓賓 語語 從從 句句連詞連詞從句從句主語主語 從句謂語從句謂語 主主 句句復(fù)復(fù)合合句句39學(xué)校教課III.賓語從句賓語從句v在句中充當(dāng)在句中充當(dāng)及物動詞及物動詞或或介詞介詞或或某些某些形容詞形

37、容詞的賓語的賓語的句的句子叫做賓語從句。子叫做賓語從句。通常放在主句謂語動詞通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞及物動詞)或介詞或形容詞之后。或介詞或形容詞之后。1.I think that it will be of no use.2.I wonder if you can do me a favour.3.It depends on whether the boss will agree to you or not.4.Im sure that you will win the game.40學(xué)校教課1.作動詞的賓語作動詞的賓語 (1)動詞后動詞后直接直接+賓語從句賓語從句 由由that引導(dǎo)的

38、賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略通?？梢允÷?,例如：例如：I heard that he joined the army.由由what,whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：She did not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(2)動詞間接賓語賓語從句動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如：。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.41學(xué)校教課3.作形容詞的賓語作形容詞的賓語 I am

39、afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.I am sure (that)he will win the game.2.作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語 I dont care for who marries him.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.42學(xué)校教課賓語從句三要素：賓語從句三要素：連連 接接 詞詞時時 態(tài)態(tài)語語 序序43學(xué)校教課由從屬連詞由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 連接代詞連接代詞 Who,whom,whose,which what 連接副詞連接副詞 where

40、,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句44學(xué)校教課注注：that 在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語或非正式文體中往往省略在口語或非正式文體中往往省略e.g.1.I hear(that)_.（一小時后他會回來）（一小時后他會回來）2.He said(that)_.（他非常想念我們）（他非常想念我們）3.The teacher told us(that)_.（地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）（地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）he will be back in an hour he mis

41、sed us very much the earth moves around the sun45學(xué)校教課由從屬連詞由從屬連詞whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g.1.I want to know _.（他是否跟我們一起去公園）2.Ask him _.（他是否能來）3.I dont know _.（是否要下雨）if(whether)he will go to the park with us whether(if)he can come whether it is going to rain or notwhether,if在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，當(dāng)句末

42、為當(dāng)句末為or not時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.46學(xué)校教課由連接代詞由連接代詞what,whom,whose,which,what連接副詞連接副詞 when,where,how,why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1.He asked _.(誰能回答這個問題誰能回答這個問題）2.Do you know_.（他們在等誰）（他們在等誰）3.He asked _.（誰的書法是班上最好的）5.6.Please tell me _.（我們什么時候開會）7.Can you tell me _.（他在哪兒）8.Could you tell me _.（我該怎么去車站

43、）9.Would you tell me _（為什么火車遲到了）who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late47學(xué)校教課3.2 語序語序v賓語從句的語序用賓語從句的語序用陳述陳述語序語序：連接詞連接詞+主語主語+謂語謂語+其他成分其他成分48學(xué)校教課主句時態(tài)主句時態(tài)從句

44、時態(tài)從句時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時、一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時、祈使句時祈使句時 根據(jù)句意的需要用任意一根據(jù)句意的需要用任意一種時態(tài)種時態(tài) 一般過去時一般過去時 與原句相對應(yīng)的過去的時與原句相對應(yīng)的過去的時態(tài)態(tài) 客觀事實、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、客觀事實、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、諺語等名言警句、諺語等 一律用一般現(xiàn)在時一律用一般現(xiàn)在時 49學(xué)校教課vI know he lives here .vI know he lived here ten years ago.vI have heard that he will come tomorrow.1.主句用主句用現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句可用任何時態(tài)，現(xiàn)在時或?qū)?/p>

45、來時，從句可用任何時態(tài)，根據(jù)實際情況而定。根據(jù)實際情況而定。50學(xué)校教課2.2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時），如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時），從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）（一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）vI knew who lived here.vI saw she was talking with her mother.vHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.vHe sa

46、id that he had seen it.51學(xué)校教課vThe teacher told me she was born in 1960.vI heard that he went to Paris last night.3.從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象時，從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象時，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me the earth moves around

47、 the sun.4.從句從句中有中有具體時間狀語具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生在，即使從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作前，主句動作前，仍用一般過去時仍用一般過去時。52學(xué)校教課1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.I hear they _ (return)it already.4.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)5.Our teacher told us in class the s

48、un _ in the east.(rise)will be goes have returned had been rises53學(xué)校教課3.4 賓語從句注意事項賓語從句注意事項v1)當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what,who作作主語時，語序不變：主語時，語序不變：vWhats wrong?Whats the matter?veg:I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?54學(xué)校教課2)在賓語從句中，在賓語從句中，只能用只能用whether，不能用不能用if引引導(dǎo)的賓語從句導(dǎo)的賓語

49、從句v(1)在具有選擇意義，又有在具有選擇意義，又有or或或or not時，尤其是直時，尤其是直接與接與or not連用時，往往用連用時，往往用whether Let me know whether he will come or not v(2)在介詞的后面在介詞的后面 Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.v(3)在帶在帶to的不定式前的不定式前 We decided whether to walk there.v(4)賓語從句提前時賓語從句提前時，不能換用，不能換用if。Whether this is true or no

50、t，I cant say這是否真的我說不上來。55學(xué)校教課3）否定的轉(zhuǎn)移）否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 若主句謂語動詞為若主句謂語動詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。I dont think this dress fits you well.I dont think you are right.我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認(rèn)為你是錯的。我認(rèn)為你是錯的。

51、I dont believe you will finish the work today.我認(rèn)為你今天無法完成工作。我認(rèn)為你今天無法完成工作。56學(xué)校教課4）賓語從句中用賓語從句中用it作形式賓語作形式賓語We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，一般用語時，一般用it來作形式賓語來作形式賓語，而真正的賓語，而真正的賓語that

52、 從句則放在賓補(bǔ)后面。從句則放在賓補(bǔ)后面。57學(xué)校教課5)賓語從句中的虛擬語氣賓語從句中的虛擬語氣在動詞在動詞 insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,demand,require,request,desire,decide,determine,recommend,deserve(值得提及值得提及)等詞后的賓語從句，從句等詞后的賓語從句，從句需用需用 should+動詞原形，動詞原形，should 可以省略?？梢允÷?。一個堅持：一個堅持：insist 一個想要一個想要desire 一個寧愿一個寧愿 prefer兩個命令：兩個命令：order,co

53、mmand 三個建議：三個建議：advise,suggest,propose四個要求：四個要求：demand,require,request,ask58學(xué)校教課賓語從句中的連接詞賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不在以下三種情況下不能省略：能省略：v（1）當(dāng)）當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個賓語時，第二個that不能??；不能?。籿（2）當(dāng)）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時，作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。不可省掉。v（3）用）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句做形式賓語的賓語從句vEveryone knew what happened and that sh

54、e was worried.vThe reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.賓語從句59學(xué)校教課whether與與if的辨用的辨用v表“是否”時，在下列情況下用whether。va.主語從句主語從句b.表語從句表語從句c.同位語從句同位語從句e.介詞后的賓語從句介詞后的賓語從句f.后接動詞不定式后接動詞不定式(whether to do sth.)g.whether or not 連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不用句時不用if60學(xué)校教課1).whether和和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句 a.當(dāng)當(dāng)

55、whether后緊跟后緊跟or not時時,不用不用if.eg:I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介詞介詞后面的賓語從句不能用后面的賓語從句不能用if.eg:I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2.注意注意 whether和和if的使用區(qū)別的使用區(qū)別61學(xué)校教課 賓語從句經(jīng)常做介詞的賓語1.The Swede stood still,except _ his lips moved slightly.2.She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved.3.Mar

56、y always thinks of _ she can do more for the class.4.He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him.(任何一個任何一個)5.It depends on if we have enough time.whether we have enough time.介詞后面不用 if that what how whoever6.Are you sorry for which you have done?what you have done?介詞后面不用 whichthat 從句只跟在 except,but,in

57、,besides,save五個介詞后面62學(xué)校教課 賓語從句經(jīng)常作表語形容詞的賓語vIm afraid (that)Ill be late.vWe were surprised that he lost the game.此類表語形容詞有:afraid pleased happysatisfied anxious suresurprised certain gladaware用它們造句63學(xué)校教課1.We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible.(改用形式賓語 it)2.We have mad

58、e that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear.(改用形式賓語 it)我認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語是必要的.I consider that we should learn English well necessary.We consider her suitable for the job.賓語賓補(bǔ)consider find think feel make 等動詞常帶賓語補(bǔ)足語,這時要用形式賓語 it,賓語從句放到賓補(bǔ)之后We think it possible that middle school stude

59、nts master one foreign language.We have made it clear that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of lifeMore I consider it necessary that we should learn English wellit不能漏從句后移64學(xué)校教課correction1.The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it.2.Are you sorry for that you

60、have annoyed him?3.I find that this should be kept secret for the time being necessary.4.Can you doubt if she will succeed?5.I worried about if my brother will return in time.6.She said that she has never told a lie.7.Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris?8.Our football team won the match last S

61、unday excited all of us.whatit necessary that this should be kept secret for the time beingthat she will succeed?whether my brother will return in time.had will leave for Paris?which不做介詞賓語that不做介詞賓語從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞65學(xué)校教課IV 同位語從句同位語從句v在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。從句。v功能：同位語從句功能：同位語從句對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說對于名

62、詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。v1)The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.v 2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.66學(xué)校教課1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lo

63、t.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.67學(xué)校教課4.Time travel is pos

64、sible./There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teena

65、gers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.68學(xué)校教課4.1 同位語在句子中的位置同位語在句子中的位置v同位語從句一般緊跟在所說明的名詞同位語從句一般緊跟在所說明的名詞v有

66、時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：是被別的詞隔開。例如：v He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.vWord came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army.69學(xué)校教課4.2同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞v1.同位語從句同位語從句多用多用that來作連接詞來作連接詞，而且，而且不能不能省略省略。v2.同位語從句意義不完整，需增加同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“是否是否”的含義，用的含義，用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句引導(dǎo)同位語從句(不用不用if)。eg:Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運動會是否會如期舉行的問題。我們將討論運動會是否會如期舉行的問題。70學(xué)校教課v3.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時候什么時候”、