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1、Unit 3 Social Problems I. Introduction to the topic 1. ask the students to list some words of social problems crimes: robbery, rape, theft, bicycle-stealing, shoplifting, murder, smuggling, drug taking and trafficking, corruption, bribing, juvenile delinquency (少年犯罪), drunken driving, fake pro

2、ducts, trafficking (拐賣)of children and women, prostitution, gambling, domestic violence etc. robber robbery rob murderer murder murder burglar burglary burgle shoplifting shoplift thief theft steal smuggler smuggling smuggler briber/ bribee bribery bribe swindler swindle

3、swindle other social problems: overpopulation, bad working condition, illiteracy, racial discrimination, high divorce rate, teen-pregnancy, gambling, inflation, food shortage, child abuse (虐待), pollution, traffic jams, extinction of animal species, unemployment, layoffs, housing, homelessness, clea

4、n water supply, transportation, poverty, generation gap, beggars (children and adults), widening gap between rich and the poor, graffiti （在公共場(chǎng)所，建筑物的墻上涂畫或?qū)懽郑﹍ittering etc. 2. social problems in China: public security, impact on traditional moral standards, overpopulation, housing, clean wat

5、er supply, transportation, littering, theft, robbery, murder, mugging, rape, pollution, smuggling, fake products, trafficking of children and women, bribery, corruption, graffiti, gambling, prostitution, domestic violence, layoffs, bird flue, unification of Chinese mainland and Taiwan, sexual harass

6、ment, gas explosion of coal mine, medical bill scandal , AIDS, internet addiction , internet security, soaring medicine price, internet obscenity, internet swindle, child labor, rural/migrant labor etc. 3. possible causes: poverty, unemployment: theft, robbery, murder, beggars, etc. high di

7、vorce rate: juvenile delinquency lack of communication: mental problems of various kinds, generation gap pollution, littering: worsening environment the problem of old age: 10% of the population are over the age of 60. That may lead to serious consequences. overpopulation: with the ever-

8、increasing burden of the population, the country may suffer from shortages of food, energy and deterioration of the environment. impact on traditional moral standards: Material wealth is value by many as the bottom line. Hence a degradation in ethics. People are more self-centered. Even college s

9、tudents have bad manners. For example, in dining halls students do not wait in lines. On buses the youth don't give their seats to the old. public security: With the development of economy, there has been a flow of population from less wealthy regions to the more prosperous areas. As a result, hi

10、gh crime rate is a problem that we are all concerned about. 4. social problems in foreign countries: juvenile delinquency, high divorce rate, unemployment, racial discrimination, drug abuse, generation gap, crime, violence, wars, the gap between the poor and the rich etc. unemployment: High t

11、echnology does create new jobs. But on the other hand, it has made many manual workers obsolete. In times of economic recession, the problem of unemployment gets even worse. drug abuse: With it are other problems such as crime, prostitution and the spread of AIDS. The fast pace of life and the

12、 stress for it may be one of the causes. racial discrimination: Due to racial discrimination and deeply rooted prejudice against minority groups, there is still inequality among races. This may also lead to the instability of a nation, racial conflicts, and even wars. single-parent family: It

13、has been reported that in the U.S., about one marriage in two ends in divorce. And many teenage girls give birth to babies before they get married. Children from single-parent families are more likely to be ill-treated, to take drugs, and commit crimes. 5. some key words about social problems:

14、 killing: murder謀殺 manslaughter 殺人 massacre 屠殺 homicide 殺人罪 assassination 暗殺; theft 偷竊: robbery搶劫 looting洗劫 pickpocket 扒竊 burglary入室偷竊 fraud 欺詐 cutpurse 小偷、 割錢包者 stealing偷盜 swindle欺騙 shop lifting偷竊 商店的東西 misdeed不端行為: offense犯法 misconduct不端 行為 misdemeanor 輕罪，violation 犯法 wrong

15、 做錯(cuò)事 6. causes of crimes: 1) economic: unemployment失業(yè), poverty貧窮, greed 貪婪 jobless失業(yè), lack 缺乏, desire欲望, lay-off暫時(shí)失業(yè), failure失敗, hunger饑餓, idleness無(wú)事可做, scarcity不足, lust貪婪, irrational social distribution 社會(huì)分配不公; 2) psychological: envy妒嫉，resentfulness厭惡，mistrust不信任，jealousy妒嫉，suspicion懷疑，reve

16、nge報(bào)仇, possessive-ness占有欲，insecurity不安全，childhood experience童年經(jīng)歷； 3) others: overcome a political / business obstacle 克服 政治/生意障礙, competition競(jìng)爭(zhēng), opposition 對(duì)立, rivalry競(jìng)爭(zhēng), 對(duì)抗, low quality of education教育素質(zhì)低, low moral standard 道德敗壞 7. legal actions: 1) sue 控告，打官司 prosecute 起訴 take to cou

17、rt 起訴，打官司 file suit 控告，打官司 claim damages 要求賠償 charge 指控 accuse 控告，指控 2) try 審判，審問(wèn) judge 判決，審判 examine審問(wèn)， hear聽(tīng)證，審理 find … guilty (innocent) of … 判定……犯……罪(無(wú)罪)；sentence 判決, 課刑, 宣判; convict 定罪 3) imprison 監(jiān)禁 put in prison 監(jiān)禁 lockup 監(jiān)禁 deprive of liberty 剝奪自由 jail 監(jiān)禁 home arre

18、st 軟 禁 reform 改造 8. measures taken: legal education 法制教育 police patrol 警察巡邏 watching-eye-neighborhood 鄰里關(guān)照 reinforcement of police 加強(qiáng)警力 emergency system 報(bào)警系統(tǒng) security devices 保安設(shè)備 9. Many social problems exist both in China and foreign countries. There are various causes of differ

19、ent social problems. The following are just a few of the possible examples: Poverty, unemployment, etc→ theft, robbery, murder, beggars, etc. High divorce rate, etc. →juvenile delinquency, etc. Lack of communication →mental problems of various kinds, generation gap, etc. Pollution, litter

20、ing→ worsening environment II. In-class reading 1. pre-reading questions: 1) Who asked the question “Is anybody home?” The latchkey children. 2) Why are more mothers going to work outside? Increasingly mothers have been taking salaried jobs outside the home partly because of financial need, an

21、d partly because of career choices for personal fulfillment. 3) How did latchkey children feel? Some children feel hurt and resentful. They feel that their mothers should “be there” for them, but they are now on their own, alone, in quiet, empty rooms. It is a frightening, lonely void for them. Ho

22、wever, some other latchkey children said that being on their own for a few hours each day fostered, or stimulated, a sense of independence and responsibility. They felt loved and trusted, and this feeling encouraged them to be self-confident. 2. text structure Reasons for mothers’ taking full-time

23、 jobs (Para. 1) A. financial need B. career choices for personal fulfillment Consequences of mothers’ taking full-time jobs (Para. 2-3) A. late dinners B. emotional impact on mothers who feel guilty and children who feel hurt and resentful Different reactions from latchkey children (Par

24、a. 4-6) A. productive period, sense of independence and responsibility, loved and trusted B. frightening, lonely void, bitterness resentment and anger, abandoned How to deal with the phenomenon of latchkey children (Para. 7-8) 3. word study 1) accessibility (adv.) (Line 61, Para. 8) 構(gòu)詞:

25、 access → accessible → accessibility access (n.) [C] a means of entering; way in; entrance 進(jìn)入，通道 [U] means or right of using, reaching, or entering 使用、進(jìn)入的方法 The only access to their house is along a narrow road. 到他們家的唯一通道是一條狹窄的路。 學(xué)生需要得到圖書的方便途徑。 Students need easy access to books. accessible

26、: that can be gotten or gotten to, into, or at 可得到的，能進(jìn)去的 The island is accessible only by boat. （進(jìn)入） The problem with some of these drugs is that they are so very accessible. （可得到的） 2) advisable (L.50) adj. wise, sensible 適當(dāng)?shù)?，明智的，可取? eg. Do you think it advisable to ask her for help? 你認(rèn)為求助于她

27、明智嗎? 老師認(rèn)為約翰參軍是明智的。 The teacher thinks it advisable that John should join the army. advisable(明知的)之后的that從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should+動(dòng)詞原形) 3) compel (v.) (Line 53, Para. 7): to push or drive 強(qiáng)迫；迫使 They submitted because they were compelled. 他們不得不服從。 His cleverness and skill compel our admiration.

28、 他的聰明和技藝博得我們的贊揚(yáng)。 疾病迫使她放棄了學(xué)習(xí)。 Her illness compelled her to give up his studies. 4) enable: v. make able to do something 使(某人) 能夠作某事。enable由en+able組合而成。en作為前綴時(shí)，冠于名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“使成······”。 例如：enlarge使······變大；enact制度(法律) ；扮演等；冠于名詞之前；表示“放進(jìn)，賦予······”，例如：endanger 使陷入危險(xiǎn) enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能夠作某事

29、 例如：The coffee enabled me to keep awake during the dull concert. 咖啡使我在沉悶的演奏會(huì)中也保持了清醒。 enable 加名詞，表示“使······成為可能；有助于······”例如： enable the passage of a bill 使法案得以通過(guò) enable sb. to do sth.使某人能做 enable sth.使某事成為可能； 試題：Electronic computers would _____ people who do not share a common language to t

30、alk to each other without any difficulty. A. make B. let C. have D. enable 答案：D電子計(jì)算機(jī)將使那些沒(méi)有共同語(yǔ)言的人毫無(wú)困難地相互交談。 5) expense (L.2) n. 花費(fèi)，費(fèi)用 travelling expenses旅費(fèi) /selling expenses銷售費(fèi)用/living expenses生活費(fèi)/public expense公費(fèi)/household expense家庭支出 作‘花費(fèi)，費(fèi)用’解時(shí)，常為不可數(shù)名詞；作具體的“花一筆錢”或“費(fèi)用，津貼”解時(shí)，多為可數(shù)名詞。 at

31、 the expense of歸付費(fèi)/負(fù)擔(dān)；以…為犧牲 at sb.’s expense歸付費(fèi)/負(fù)擔(dān)；在使某人受害的情況下 spare no expense不惜一切代價(jià) go to the expense of 為…的目的花錢付費(fèi) They spared no expense to make the party a success. 他們不惜一切代價(jià)使晚會(huì)成功。 It is reported that the city government completed the program _______. A. costly B. at great exp

32、ense C. expensively D. very dearly 答案：B. 據(jù)報(bào)道市政府以巨大的代價(jià)完成了這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。 6) foster (v.) (Line 31, Para. 5) 1) 培養(yǎng)，促進(jìn); 2) 撫養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育 這對(duì)夫婦想收養(yǎng)這個(gè)他們一直撫養(yǎng)的黑人孩子。 The couple wanted to adopt the black child they had been fostering. 我們希望這些會(huì)晤能促進(jìn)兩國(guó)的友好關(guān)系。 We hope these meetings will help foster friendly relations betwe

33、en our two countries. 7) invaluable: adj. beyond price 無(wú)價(jià)的，極寶貴的 invaluable由value派生而出。value指“價(jià)值”；valuable指“有價(jià)值的”。 注意：invaluable不是valuable的反義詞，而是priceless的同義詞 1) ? 注意區(qū)分invaluable和priceless invaluable意為“珍貴的”，多指質(zhì)地上是非常寶貴的，也可對(duì)實(shí)際無(wú)法計(jì)價(jià)的事物進(jìn)行修飾；be invaluable to… 例如：Their services were invaluable to me.

34、 他們對(duì)我的幫助是無(wú)法估量的。 priceless意為“極貴重的，無(wú)價(jià)的”，多指以價(jià)錢來(lái)衡量的貴重物品或穿戴、用的東西 例如：Is this dress priceless? 這件衣服貴重嗎? 8) isolate: v. place apart; separate from others; keep alone 使······孤立；隔絕 isolated adj. 孤立的，被隔離的 isolation n. 孤立；隔離；(化學(xué)上的) 分解isolationism n. (國(guó)際間的) 孤立主

35、義政策 isolate... from 從······中隔離出來(lái) 例如：He felt entirely isolated from the world. 他覺(jué)得自己完全與世隔絕了。 9) optimum: adj. optimal最佳的，最適宜的 optimum有時(shí)被認(rèn)為是“最高的，最大的”，應(yīng)注意避免這類混淆 例如：the optimum speed of a car 指“汽車的最佳速度”，而非top speed (最高速度) optimum population 適度人口 optimum price

36、 最優(yōu)價(jià)格 optimum location 最佳位置 optimum educational opportunity 最佳教育機(jī)會(huì) optimum conditions 最佳條件 10) priority: n. the thing that you think is the most important and needs attention before anything else優(yōu)先權(quán)；優(yōu)先考慮的事物 priority由prior派生

37、出來(lái)，后者為形容詞，指“在前的，比······優(yōu)先的”。作“優(yōu)先”解時(shí)，priority后一般接介詞over 例如：A patrol car has priority over other traffic. 巡邏車比其他車享有優(yōu)先權(quán)。 注意：prior后接介詞to 例如：We receive no notification prior to today’s date. 我們?cè)诮袢罩拔传@通知。 11) resentful (adj.) (Line 16, Para. 3): feeling angry and upset about something that seems unf

38、air 充滿忿恨的，怨恨的 他對(duì)她的干預(yù)深感憤恨。 He was deeply resentful at her interference. 她忿恨地看了她丈夫一眼。 She gave her husband a resentful look. 動(dòng)詞：resent對(duì)……表示忿恨 resent sth./ doing sth./ that… 名詞：resentment 忿恨 (Line 40, Para. 6) 12) secure: adj. safe; without danger or risk 安心的，無(wú)憂慮的，

39、安全的 securely adv.安全地，確實(shí)地；security n.安全(感) ；平安 secure作“安全的”解時(shí)，一般后接介詞from/against 例如：Our house is secure from/against flood. 我們的房子沒(méi)有被洪水淹沒(méi)的危險(xiǎn)。 【記憶】se(free from,免于) + cure (care,擔(dān)心) →免于 擔(dān)心的→無(wú)憂慮的，放心的→安全的，牢固的 13) suppress: v. a. put an end to; stop by force 鎮(zhèn)壓，平定 b. prevent from being known

40、or seen 抑制 suppression n. 鎮(zhèn)壓，平定；(感情的) 抑制 suppressive adj. 壓抑的；(醫(yī)學(xué)上) 有抑止(咳等) 效果的 suppressor n. 鎮(zhèn)壓者 14) after all : sth. to be taken into consideration 畢竟，究竟 (導(dǎo)出原因；通常置于句首)例如： It’s not surprising that you‘ve got stomachache. After all, you’ve eaten too much. 你的胃疼并不令人驚訝，畢竟你實(shí)在吃得太多了。 注意區(qū)

41、分: after all 可作介詞，表示“雖然······但是仍然······”例如： After all his efforts, he failed again this time. 雖然他很努力，但他這次仍然失敗了。 Don’t be so disappointed, after all, we have made some progress. 別太失望，畢竟我們已經(jīng)取得了一些進(jìn) after all可做介詞，表示“雖然，但是仍然” After all his efforts, he failed again this time. 雖然他很努力，但他這次仍然失敗了。 試題：

42、I won’t invite him. ___, I don’t really know him. A. At all B. After all C. For all D. In all 答案：B. In all 總共。 14) Cope with(L.28): 對(duì)付，處理，可接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。 He’ll cope with (doing) all the work 他將會(huì)設(shè)法應(yīng)付所有的工作。 15) in case of : in the event that sth. happens 在······情況下，(通常用于句首) ，作介詞 例如：In case o

43、f emergency, look for the red arrow which indicates the nearest exit route. 在緊急情況中，請(qǐng)找到指示最近出口的紅箭頭。 In case of emergency, you can ask him for help. 緊急情況下，你可以找他尋求幫助。 in case: conj&adv.以免，免得；以防萬(wàn)一 I keep an umbrella here in case of rain. 我?guī)Я艘话延陚阋苑老掠辍? 萬(wàn)一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，請(qǐng)打119求救。 In case of fire, call 119 for

44、help. ? 注意：與in case區(qū)別 in case 可作連詞，表示“以防，免得” 例如：You’d better take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 你最好帶把傘去，以防下雨。 in case又可作副詞，表示“以防萬(wàn)一，免得” 例如：The dog was tied up, but John carried a stick, just in case. 狗雖是拴著的，但為防萬(wàn)一，約翰還是帶了根棍子。 in any case 無(wú)論如何；in no case 在任何情況都不； in the case of 至于

45、······，就······而言 16) in the long run (L.10) :從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)說(shuō) eg. In the long run, he is the only hope we have. 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，他是我們唯一的希望。 （比較）in the short run從短期來(lái)說(shuō) 17) look (upon) on sb.…as think of...as 認(rèn)為，看做，相當(dāng)于 think sb.…as/regard sb....as. 例如：Everybody looks upon/on him as a leader. 大家都把他看為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。

46、注意：與look on 區(qū)別 look on 表示“旁觀，在旁邊看” 例如：Two men were fighting while people just looked on. 兩個(gè)人在打架，但大家只是袖手旁觀。 18) work out : devise or plan sth. 詳細(xì)擬定(計(jì)劃，方案等) ，周密地想出，(可分開(kāi)用) 例如： He worked out all the details of the plan. 他詳細(xì)擬定了那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。 設(shè)計(jì)，制定，擬訂 I’ll work out our schedule. 我來(lái)制定我們的時(shí)刻表

47、。 ? 想出 He worked out a good method. 他想出了一個(gè)好方法。 算出，估計(jì)出，解（題） 看看你是否能解出這個(gè)謎。 See if you can work this puzzle out. 理解，弄懂，看出，說(shuō)出，判斷 I can’t work out the meaning of this poem. 我不理解這首詩(shī)的含義。 （情況等）發(fā)展；進(jìn)行 一切都是按照計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的。 Everything has worked out according to plan. 19) assistance (L.15) : 幫助，援助 構(gòu)詞：as(靠

48、近)+sist(stand/sit)+ ant(表示人)anc 意為：站在旁邊的人即: 幫助 eg. give assistance to sb. He came to my assistance. 辨析: assistance help aid assistance 在許多場(chǎng)合下指幫助的一方只是被幫助一方的助手，居次要地位。 help 最為常用，可代替assistance, aid aid 含義積極，比較正式，較少用 試題：The nurse ______ the doctor in the operation room. A. insisted B. assist

49、ed C. resisted D. persisted 答案注釋：A.堅(jiān)持 C. 抵制 D. 堅(jiān)持不懈 20) range from…to…(L.19): 涉及從…到…; 所涉及范圍所指的要用介詞in。如： The bags range in price from 5 to20 yuan. 相當(dāng)于: The prices of the bag range from 5 to 20. 這些包的價(jià)格從5元到20元不等。 21) interview (L.25): n.&v. 接見(jiàn)，會(huì)見(jiàn)，面試，采訪 e.g. job interview招聘面試 give

50、an interview to sb. 接見(jiàn)某人 have an interview with sb.會(huì)見(jiàn)某人 Many universities interview their applicants. 許多大學(xué)對(duì)申請(qǐng)入學(xué)的學(xué)生要進(jìn)行面試。 （派生）interviewee n.被接見(jiàn)者，被采訪者 interviewer n.接見(jiàn)者，面談?wù)撸浾? 歸納記憶： interview view看 preview 先看 預(yù)習(xí) review 再看 復(fù)習(xí)

51、 22) on one’s own ( L.26): 獨(dú)自，靠自己（作狀語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)） eg. Can you finish on your own? 你能獨(dú)自完成嗎？ He likes to be on his own. 他喜歡靠自己生活。 23) confident (L.28) : adj. certain, assured自信的，有信心 confident of /that 確信，相信 self-confident adj. 自信的 He feels confident of victor

52、y. 他確信能得勝。 Confident in對(duì)有信心/把握 試題：Jimmy was very popular with those who could vote, and he was confident that he could win the election. 24) conversely: “相反地”，“從另一方面來(lái)看”，“反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)” conversely:此處用來(lái)修飾全句，表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ龋ù颂帪槎温渲g），相當(dāng)于in/by contrast。 Conversely, many latchkey children expressed much bitt

53、erness, resentment, and anger for being made to live in this fashion. (Line 40) 與此相反，許多掛鑰匙的孩子對(duì)于被迫以這種方式生活表現(xiàn)出不快、怨恨以及憤怒。 This newspaper story could damage their reputation; conversely, it will give them a lot of free publicity. 報(bào)紙上的這篇報(bào)道有可能損害他們的聲譽(yù)，不過(guò)從另一方面來(lái)看，它將為他們做大量的免費(fèi)宣傳。 Running can strengthen you

54、r heart and muscles, but conversely, it can also damage your knees and the bones in your feet. 跑步能強(qiáng)健心臟和肌肉，但是反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)，也會(huì)損害膝蓋和腳骨。 25) concern (L.50): a. n.&v. care,worry anxiety 關(guān)心，掛念，憂慮 This is a nurse’s concern for a sick man. 這是一名護(hù)士對(duì)病人的關(guān)心。 There is no cause for concern, he is very healthy. 沒(méi)

55、有理由擔(dān)心，他很健康。 我對(duì)此事毫不擔(dān)心。 I feel no concern about/for the matter b. n.& v. matter,interest（利害）關(guān)系 I have no concern with/in the matter. 我與此事毫無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)。 不要操心與你無(wú)關(guān)的事。 Don’t trouble about things that don’t concern you. 派生）concerned adj.[前置定語(yǔ)]關(guān)切的, 擔(dān)心的, 憂慮的；[后置定語(yǔ)]有關(guān)的，設(shè)及的； concernedly adv.擔(dān)憂的 concerning pr

56、ep. (about) 有關(guān)，關(guān)于 be concerned with sth.：關(guān)心，掛念，從事于 I won’t be concerned with the matter any more. 我不再關(guān)心這件事。. as/so far as…be concerned:就…來(lái)說(shuō) 試題：As far as your family is ______, you won’t have to worry about them. A. regarded B. related C. concerned D. connected C. concerned就你的家人而言，你不必為他們擔(dān)心。

57、 26) given: 此處為介詞，意為“考慮到”，“鑒于” Given the government’s record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor. 鑒于政府的失業(yè)紀(jì)錄，他們贏得大選的機(jī)會(huì)很小。 Given good health, one can achieve anything. 假使一個(gè)人健康，什么事都能做得到。 given后可跟that從句，that可省略。意為“假設(shè)”，“考慮到”，“鑒于” Given (that) there was

58、 so little time, I think they’ve done a good job. 考慮到時(shí)間這么少，我認(rèn)為他們干得不錯(cuò)。 Given (that) she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 鑒于她對(duì)孩子有興趣，我肯定教學(xué)是最適合她的職業(yè)。 given 作形容詞使用，表示“規(guī)定的”，“特定的” The work must be done within the given time. 工作必須在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成

59、。 The rules are to be followed in any given situation. 這些規(guī)定任何情況下都要遵守。 Under given conditions, bad things can be turned into good things. 在一定的條件下，壞事能夠變成好事。 Given the reality of the situation, the question to ask is: how can an optimum plan be worked out to deal effectively wit

60、h the situation. (Line 55) 考慮到這種現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況，要提出的應(yīng)是這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：如何才能制定一個(gè)最佳方案來(lái)有效地應(yīng)對(duì)這種局面？ 27）supreme (adj.) (Line62)：highest in position, esp. of power 最高位的；highest in degree 極度的；至上的 The matter will have to be decided by the Supreme Court. 這件事將由最高法院來(lái)判決。 愛(ài)情給他帶來(lái)無(wú)比的勇氣。 Love brings him the supreme courage

61、. Technology is to the development of the modern society a matter of supreme importance. 科技對(duì)于現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的發(fā)展具有最重要的意義。 Of supreme importance is the quality of the relationship between parents and children. (line61) of importance = important。此句是倒裝句，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)成分較長(zhǎng)，倒裝后使句子首尾平衡。 經(jīng)常與of連用的其他名詞有value, use, importanc

62、e, necessity, significance, help 等。 This event is of vast historical significance. 這一事件具有巨大的歷史意義。 Peking opera is of much value to Chinese culture. 京劇對(duì)中國(guó)文化有很大價(jià)值。 That matter is of no importance. 那件事無(wú)關(guān)緊要。 He knew the files could be of help to whoever took over the job. 他知道不管誰(shuí)接管這個(gè)工作，這些檔案都是有

63、幫助的。 4. sentences: 1) In the United States the cost of living has been steadily rising for the past few decades. (L.1～2) 【解析】句中has been rising為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示某一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。 【譯文】在過(guò)去的幾十年中，美國(guó)的生活開(kāi)支持續(xù)上升。 【例句】Even though they have been living beside each other for 20 years, the two neighbors are not

64、 friendly. 盡管這兩戶人家已經(jīng)做鄰居20年了，但他們互不友好。 2) ?Mothers have been leaving the traditional role of full time homemaker. (L.4-5) 母親們一直在拋棄傳統(tǒng)的全職家庭主婦的角色。 have been leaving 是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，該時(shí)態(tài)以 have/has been+doing 構(gòu)成，表示延續(xù)進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。 注意區(qū)別：如將have been leaving換成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)have left，就表示婦女們已經(jīng)拋開(kāi)了家庭主婦這一角色。 3) The emotional im

65、pact, on the other hand, can be more subtle.(L7-8) 另一方面, （對(duì)孩子們的）情感影響，則要微妙得多。 on the other hand另一方面，反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)，通常與 on (the)one hand （一方面）連用，但也可單獨(dú)使用。 e.g.He is an able man, but on the other hand he demands too much of other people. 他是一個(gè)能干得人 ，但另一方面，他對(duì)他人的要求太多了。 （注意）在翻譯時(shí)，On the other hand 通常放在它所修飾的句子的首位。

66、 4) They suppress their guilt since they believe that their work will benefit everyone in the long run. (L.10～11) 她們壓抑著這種負(fù)疚心理，因?yàn)樗齻冋J(rèn)為自己的工作從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看對(duì)大家都有利。 5) The emotional impact on the children can be significant .(L.13) 【解析】can這里表示對(duì)可能性的猜測(cè)，“可能會(huì)······”。注意表示肯定的推測(cè)時(shí)，用must,“一定······，必然”，但此意的否定通常用can not 表示，疑問(wèn)中也用can, 【例句】The teacher must be joking. 老師一定是在開(kāi)玩笑。 The teacher can’t be joking. 老師不可能在開(kāi)玩笑。 Can the teacher be joking? 老師可能在開(kāi)玩笑嗎? 6) From the emotional aspect, the effect on the c