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1、第五課時(shí) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),,1.I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. (2017天津卷),A.was driving B.have driven C.would drive D.drove 答案 A [句意：我正開(kāi)車去倫敦這時(shí)我突然發(fā)現(xiàn)我走錯(cuò)路了。根據(jù)句意，故選A。],[感 悟 高 考],2.He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ________.(2017江蘇卷),A.was being followed

2、 B.was following C.had been followed D.followed 答案 A [he和follow之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即他被別人跟蹤，排除B、D；根據(jù)句意“在匆忙趕回家的路上，他從未回頭看是否被跟蹤”，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)最合適，故選A。],3.He’s been informed that he ________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017江蘇卷),A.hasn’t qualified B.hadn’t qualified C.doesn’t qualify D.was

3、n’t qualifying 答案 C [句意：他已經(jīng)被告知由于教育背景的原因而沒(méi)有資格獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。qualify for sth達(dá)標(biāo)，獲得參賽資格。由于條件不滿足而沒(méi)有資格做某事，是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選C。],4.People ________ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.(2017北京卷),A.will have B.have C.had D.had had 答案 B [句意：人們有比過(guò)去更好的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，他們更長(zhǎng)壽。根據(jù)and后

4、面句子時(shí)態(tài)可知為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故選B。],5.In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ________ yet. (2017北京卷),A.haven’t invented B.haven’t been invented C.hadn’t invented D.hadn’t been invented 答案 D [句意：在美國(guó)20世紀(jì)50年代的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)的家庭家里只有一部電話，并且無(wú)線電話還根本沒(méi)有發(fā)明出來(lái)。根據(jù)句意可知用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除A、C，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去

5、，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選D。],6.—________ that pany to see how they think of our product yesterday?,—Yes. They are happy with it.(2017北京卷) A.Did you call B.Have you called C.Will you call D.Were you calling 答案 A [句意：——你昨天有沒(méi)有給那家公司打電話問(wèn)問(wèn)他們對(duì)我們的產(chǎn)品感覺(jué)怎么樣？——打了，他們感覺(jué)很滿意。空格所在題干有一個(gè)很明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday，可知用過(guò)去

6、時(shí)，故選A。],[要 點(diǎn) 精 析],1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征。句中常用often, usually, every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 Planning so far ahead makes no sense—so many things will have changed by next year. 這么早做計(jì)劃沒(méi)有什么意義——到明年很多事情就會(huì)變了。,(2)表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象以及不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。 “Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say，“because ever

7、y step shows.” 奶奶過(guò)去常說(shuō)：“生活就如在雪地里走路，因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉硷@而易見(jiàn)?！?(3)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。 Will you help me to look for an important file I left in my office this morning immediately you arrive? 你能一到辦公室就幫我找一下我早上落在辦公室的重要文件嗎？ (4)表示按計(jì)劃、時(shí)刻表規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如begin，e，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等。 The f

8、light takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.飛機(jī)每星期三、五2：30起飛。,2.一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻、某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)存在的狀態(tài)或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(或上下文語(yǔ)境有暗示)；用于表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣；表示說(shuō)話人原來(lái)沒(méi)有料到、想到的事。 The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started. 這位總統(tǒng)希望人民在他離任時(shí)比他上任時(shí)更富有。 The three of us travelled arou

9、nd Europe for about a month last summer. 去年夏天，我們?nèi)嗽跉W洲旅行了一個(gè)月左右。 Excuse me.I didn’t realize I was blocking your way. 對(duì)不起，我原來(lái)不知道擋你的路了。,3.一般將來(lái)時(shí),一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)會(huì)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：this evening, tomorrow, next week, in a few minutes, at the end of this term等。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有： (1)“will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來(lái)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；表示事物的固

10、有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)；表示臨時(shí)性的打算或決定。 Fish will die without water. 離開(kāi)水，魚(yú)就會(huì)死。 By the time you have finished this book, your meal will get cold. 等你看完這本書(shū)，你的飯就涼了。,—Mr. Li is ill in hospital. —Oh, I didn’t know. I’ll go to see him tonight. ——李老師生病住院了。 ——哦，我還不知道呢。我今晚去看他。 [名師點(diǎn)津] 條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的will表示“決心，意愿”，此時(shí)will不是助動(dòng)詞，而是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表意愿

11、。 If you won’t listen to us, just do as you please. 如果你不愿意聽(tīng)我們的，就請(qǐng)便吧。,(2)“be going to＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在打算或計(jì)劃將來(lái)要做的事；表示根據(jù)某種跡象認(rèn)為最近或?qū)?lái)要發(fā)生的事。 I am going to write to Henry this evening. 我今天晚上打算給亨利寫(xiě)封信。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 天看上去像是要下雨了。,(3)“be to＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定；表示說(shuō)話人的意志、意圖、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、命令等；表示注定要發(fā)生的事情。 I a

12、m to meet Mr. Brown at eleven o’clock this morning. 我要在今天上午11點(diǎn)見(jiàn)布朗先生。 We are to take care of all these children. 我們必須照顧所有的這些孩子。 (4)“be about to＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示“正要做某事，即將要做某事”，此結(jié)構(gòu)不可與表示具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間的副詞或副詞性短語(yǔ)連用，而經(jīng)常與when引導(dǎo)的從句連用。 The meeting is about to begin. 會(huì)議就要開(kāi)始了。,4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)

13、中。 He said that he would wait for us at the station. 他說(shuō)他將在車站等我們。 She told her mother that she was going to a dance with Tom. 她告訴母親，她要同湯姆一起去參加一個(gè)舞會(huì)。,1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I am doing.(2011遼寧卷) 我一做完手頭上的活就去圖書(shū)館。 (2)有些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示預(yù)計(jì)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：go,

14、e, leave, arrive, return, begin, do, die, lose等。 “The moment is ing soon，” he thought to himself, waiting nervously. 他緊張地等待著，心里想：“這一時(shí)刻很快就會(huì)來(lái)臨的?！?(3)常與always, forever, constantly, continually, all the time等時(shí)間副詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常表示不滿、抱怨或贊賞等情感。 She is always finding fault with others. 她總是挑別人的毛病。,2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行

15、時(shí),(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 —Did you catch what I said? —Sorry. I was answering a text message just now. ——你聽(tīng)懂我的話了嗎？ ——很抱歉，剛才我在回短信。 (2)表示某動(dòng)作在某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。 —Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? —No, I was doing my homework all day yesterday. ——你讀完《簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)》這本書(shū)了嗎？ ——沒(méi)有，昨天我一整天都在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。,(3)表示某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，其中的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作用過(guò)

16、去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it. 那位記者說(shuō)，當(dāng)他看到時(shí)，不明飛行物正在自東向西飛行。,3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),(1)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。 The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 經(jīng)理自從上午九點(diǎn)起一直在告訴工人們?nèi)绾胃倪M(jìn)項(xiàng)目。 (2)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，在說(shuō)話時(shí)剛剛結(jié)束。 Wh

17、ere have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere. 你剛才去了哪里？我們一直在到處找你。,4.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者將來(lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。這些常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志性狀語(yǔ)有：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow等。 —Can I call you back at two o’clock this af

18、ternoon? —I’m sorry, but by then I will be flying to Beijing. How about five? ——今天下午兩點(diǎn)能給你回電話嗎？ ——不好意思，那時(shí)我正飛往北京，五點(diǎn)怎么樣？,1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),(1)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與up to now, so far, already, yet, now, recently, in the past few years, just等表示時(shí)間的詞以及since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句連用。 His first novel has received good reviews si

19、nce it came out last month. 他的第一本小說(shuō)自從上個(gè)月出版之后就受到好評(píng)。,(2)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。 —Look! Somebody has cleaned the sofa. —Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. ——瞧，已經(jīng)有人打掃了沙發(fā)。 ——嗯，不是我，我沒(méi)做過(guò)那件事。,(3)用于時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)要完成的動(dòng)作或一個(gè)動(dòng)作先于另一個(gè)動(dòng)作。 —When shall we restart our business? —Not until we have finished our

20、plan. ——什么時(shí)候我們重新開(kāi)始我們的事業(yè)？ ——直到我們已完成我們的計(jì)劃。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 除非我親眼看到，否則我不會(huì)相信你的。,(4)常用于以下固定句式中： ①在“It (This) is (will be) the first/second/third...time＋that從句”中，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family

21、. 這是我們?nèi)业谝淮蔚诫娪霸嚎措娪啊?②在“It (This) is the＋ adj.最高級(jí)＋名詞＋that從句”中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school. 這是我到這個(gè)學(xué)校以來(lái)聽(tīng)過(guò)的最有教育意義的演講。,2.過(guò)去完成時(shí),(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作前已完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與by, by the end of, by the time, before, since, until等后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。 By

22、the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college. 杰克從英國(guó)回到家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。 (2)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間，還可能持續(xù)下去。常與for, since等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 By the end of last month he had worked in Shanghai for twenty years. 到上個(gè)月月底他已經(jīng)在上海工作了整整二十年。,(3)某些動(dòng)詞用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，意為“本來(lái)期望/認(rèn)為/打算……”。這類動(dòng)詞主要有：

23、expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。 I had planned to travel, but my daughter got sick. 我本計(jì)劃去旅行，但我的女兒突然生病了。,(4)常用于以下固定句式中： ①hardly/scarcely...when...; no sooner...than...中，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我剛到家大雨就傾盆而下。 ②It was/had been

24、＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句。since從句中謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我們10年沒(méi)這么高興了。 ③That/It was the first/second... time＋that從句。that從句謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 這是他第三次犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤了。,3.將來(lái)完成時(shí),表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前完成的動(dòng)作，并往往對(duì)將來(lái)某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為“by＋將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間”。

25、We shall have fulfilled the task by the end of this week. 我們?cè)诒局苣⑼瓿蛇@項(xiàng)任務(wù)。,英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。,1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成,Is honesty the best policy? We are taught that it is when we are little. 誠(chéng)實(shí)是最好的原則嗎？我們小時(shí)候被教的是肯定的回答。 In the last few years thousands of films have been produced all

26、over the world. 過(guò)去幾年中全世界有數(shù)千部影片被制作出來(lái)。 [名師點(diǎn)津] 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要注意動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的完整性，動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞不可遺漏。 They sent for the doctor immediately. →The doctor was sent for immediately. 他們立即派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。,2.“get＋過(guò)去分詞”表示被動(dòng),Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I get paid on Friday. 媽媽，我想知道你能不能借給我?guī)酌涝屛夷苡玫叫瞧谖灏l(fā)

27、工資的時(shí)候。,3.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義,(1)連系動(dòng)詞(如look, sound，smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，它們沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。 The building looks very beautiful. 這座建筑看上去很美。 (2)當(dāng)open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物動(dòng)詞且表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性、特征或所處狀態(tài)時(shí)，通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 The door won’t shut. 這門(mén)關(guān)不上。,(3)某些“be＋形容詞＋to

28、 do”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這類結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是句子主語(yǔ)就是其后不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，按理說(shuō)其中的不定式要用被動(dòng)形式，但習(xí)慣上卻要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。這類形容詞常見(jiàn)的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant等。 The book is difficult to understand. 這本書(shū)很難讀懂。 (4)不定式用于某些動(dòng)詞(如have, have got, get, want

29、, need等)的賓語(yǔ)后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 I want something to drink. 我想喝點(diǎn)東西。,[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)在be worth doing, need/want/require doing(to be done)結(jié)構(gòu)中，其后的動(dòng)詞是以主動(dòng)的形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 The tree wants watering. 這棵樹(shù)需要澆水了。 (2)若不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，則不定式就需要用被動(dòng)式。 I have something to type. 我有些東西要打(字)。 Do you have a letter

30、 to be sent? 你有信要我去幫你寄嗎？,[解 題 策 略],1.利用試題中提供的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài),時(shí)態(tài)往往和一些特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：every..., sometimes, at...，on Sunday等常和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用；...ago，the other day，in 2006, last week, just now等常和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用；now，at present，at this time等常和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用；tomorrow，next week，in＋時(shí)間段等常和一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用；by the end of last week，before I went there等常標(biāo)

31、志著要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。同時(shí)要注意，像副詞always, forever, constantly等常與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表示說(shuō)話者的贊揚(yáng)、批評(píng)、生氣等語(yǔ)氣。,—Why do you know the pany so well? —Oh，I ________ there for three years. A.worked B.would work C.had worked D.was working 答案 A [有些考生認(rèn)為“for three years”是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志，于是誤選C。其實(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前的情況，顯然與語(yǔ)境不符，因此正確答案為A。],2.利用上下文語(yǔ)境推測(cè)時(shí)態(tài),很

32、多試題中沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但是我們可以從試題所提供的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境或上下文來(lái)推測(cè)出動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間或從雙方的交談中“捕捉”到時(shí)間點(diǎn)，這就要求學(xué)生要有宏觀把握句子和分析句子的能力。 —Were you surprised by the ending of the film? —No.I ________ the book，so I already knew the story. A.was reading B.had read C.am reading D.have read 答案 B [句意：——你對(duì)這部電影的結(jié)局驚訝嗎？——不，我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)這本書(shū)，早知道結(jié)局了。從上下文句意看，讀故事在看影之前，應(yīng)用

33、過(guò)去完成時(shí)。],3.利用時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)來(lái)把握時(shí)態(tài),若主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)常用與過(guò)去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)(表客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理的從句總用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))；若主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制，可根據(jù)需要選用時(shí)態(tài)。在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中，若主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，或主句為過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句也用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)。,If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you ________ fresh watermelon in the fall. A.eat B.would eat C.have eaten D.will

34、 be eating 答案 D [句意：如果你春天播下西瓜種子，那么秋天就會(huì)吃上新鮮的西瓜了。因?yàn)閺木溆昧艘话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，那么主句就要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。因in the fall在此句中意為“在秋天”，相當(dāng)于during the fall，強(qiáng)調(diào)了完整的時(shí)間段，故用will be eating將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示在未來(lái)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。],4.固定搭配法判斷語(yǔ)態(tài),英語(yǔ)中有許多固定短語(yǔ)，如make use of, pay attention to, find fault with, take care of, take advantage of, keep pace with等，在

35、試題中，常把短語(yǔ)中的名詞拿出來(lái)作句子的主語(yǔ)，剩下的動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如果能夠看出它們構(gòu)成固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，則問(wèn)題迎刃而解。 The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ________. A.is made B.would make C.was to be made D.had made 答案 C [句意：在澳大利亞發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金這件事情使成千上萬(wàn)的人相信要發(fā)財(cái)了。thousands在此處指代成千上萬(wàn)的人，由led的時(shí)態(tài)可知A項(xiàng)不符合句意；而had made為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，發(fā)生在led動(dòng)作之前，不

36、符合語(yǔ)境；would make應(yīng)該為would be made；故只有was to be made正確。],5.用習(xí)慣表達(dá)法確定語(yǔ)態(tài),在英語(yǔ)中有一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)，它們往往用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，如need/want/require/deserve doing ＝need/want/require/deserve to be done，be worth doing...等，在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，要注意歸納和總結(jié)。 Would you please make up a topic worth ________ in tomorrow’s conference? A.discussing B.to be d

37、iscussed C.to discussed D.being discussed 答案 A [worth作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾the topic；worth后常用doing，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。],[針 對(duì) 訓(xùn) 練],1.Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016北京卷),A.works B.has worked C.was working D.would work 答案 C [句意：杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作這時(shí)突然停電了。此題考查句型be doing...when...結(jié)構(gòu)，故選C。],2.—Excuse me，wh

38、ich movie are you waiting for?,—The new Star Wars.We ________ here for more than two hours.(2016北京卷) A.waited B.wait C.would be waiting D.have been waiting 答案 D [句意：——請(qǐng)問(wèn)，你們?cè)诘饶膱?chǎng)電影？——最新的《星際大戰(zhàn)》，我們?cè)谶@兒已經(jīng)等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。由句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for more than two hours 可知，動(dòng)作從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生直接影響，且動(dòng)作還可能延續(xù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。],3.I ________ h

39、alf of the English novel，and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.(2016北京卷),A.read B.have read C.am reading D.will read 答案 B [句意：我已經(jīng)讀完這本英文小說(shuō)的一半了，我會(huì)爭(zhēng)取在周末讀完。前一分句表示到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。],4.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.(2016北京卷

40、),A.rewarded B.were rewarded C.will reward D.will be rewarded 答案 D [句意：學(xué)生們一直努力學(xué)習(xí)他們的功課，他們的努力終將得到成功的回報(bào)。由句意可知，reward這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在have been working之后，故用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，efforts和reward之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選D。],5.The real reason why prices ________，and still are，too high is plex，and no short discussion can satisfacto

41、rily explain this problem.(2015江蘇卷),A.were B.will be C.have been D.had been 答案 A [句意：物價(jià)過(guò)去很高，現(xiàn)在依然居高不下，其真正原因是復(fù)雜的，不是兩三句話能圓滿解釋的。根據(jù)空格后面的and still are(而且現(xiàn)在仍然是)判斷，前面是指物價(jià)過(guò)去的情況，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選A。],6.As you go through this book，you________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a

42、different experience.(2015湖南卷),A.will find B.found C.had found D.have found 答案 A [句意：當(dāng)你讀這本書(shū)時(shí)，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些經(jīng)歷過(guò)第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)人中的每一個(gè)人都有不同的經(jīng)歷。句中as引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，所以主句需用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。],7.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but ________ thankfully by the shop window.(2015湖南卷),A.am held

43、back B.held back C.hold back D.was held back 答案 D [句意：我有一種強(qiáng)烈的欲望，想伸手進(jìn)去拿那個(gè)玩具玩，但幸虧我被商店櫥窗阻擋了。句子的主語(yǔ)I與hold back之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；再根據(jù)句中的had可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選D。],8.I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ________，“What do you wish me to do now？”(2015湖南卷),A.ask B.have asked C.am asking D.asked 答案 D [句意：當(dāng)我問(wèn)到“你

44、希望我現(xiàn)在做什么？”時(shí)，我無(wú)法掩飾自己急切的心情。句中的wasn’t暗示空格處需用跟過(guò)去有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)，故選D。],9.Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this pany running smoothly.(2015湖南卷),A.to keep B.to have kept C.keep D.have kept 答案 C [句意：一直要記住：你的主要任務(wù)是使這家公司運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)順利。祈使句一般以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭，故用keep。keep in mind記住，是固定搭配。],10.I think that conflict is

45、unlikely to happen，but if it ________，the interest of both China and the U.S.would be severely damaged.,A.would occur B.had occured C.were to occur D.occurs 答案 C [句意：我認(rèn)為沖突不可能發(fā)生，但是如果發(fā)生的話，中美兩國(guó)的利益將會(huì)受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。根據(jù)句意及主句中的would可知從句是與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故可用were to occur，occurred或should occur。],11.—How amazing! I saw yo

46、u appearing on the five o’clock news.,—Oh that! The headmaster ________ and I happened to pass by in front of the camera. A.was interviewed B.was being interviewed C.had been interviewed D.was interviewing 答案 B [句意：——真是太令人驚奇了！我看見(jiàn)你出現(xiàn)在五點(diǎn)鐘的新聞里。 ——哦，你說(shuō)那個(gè)啊！校長(zhǎng)當(dāng)時(shí)正在接受采訪，而我恰好從攝像機(jī)前經(jīng)過(guò)。分析語(yǔ)境可知，兩人之間講的是過(guò)去的事情。根據(jù)

47、句意可知，“我”恰好從攝像機(jī)前經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)校長(zhǎng)正在接受采訪，故本題的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。主語(yǔ)The headmaster與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞interview之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故was being interviewed符合題意。],12.“But for the fact that you ________here for 3 years，I________in this key high school now，facing its endless homework and exams！” the poor girl cried to her helpless father.,A.studied；wouldn’

48、t have studied B.studied；wouldn’t be studying C.had studied；wouldn’t have studied D.had studied；wouldn’t be studying,答案 B [句意：這個(gè)可憐的女孩哭著對(duì)她無(wú)助的父親說(shuō)：“要不是你在這里學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)三年這個(gè)事實(shí)，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在這所重點(diǎn)高中就讀，面對(duì)著無(wú)盡的家庭作業(yè)和考試！”根據(jù)句意可知，女孩的父親在這所重點(diǎn)高中學(xué)習(xí)為發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事實(shí)，故第一空應(yīng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，即studied。根據(jù)but for以及句意可知，女孩現(xiàn)在不在這所重點(diǎn)高中就讀為對(duì)事實(shí)的假設(shè)，故第二空應(yīng)為虛擬語(yǔ)氣。結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now以及句意可知wouldn’t be studying符合題意。],