江蘇省2019高考英語(yǔ) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法核心突破 第七課時(shí) 定語(yǔ)從句課件.ppt
《江蘇省2019高考英語(yǔ) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法核心突破 第七課時(shí) 定語(yǔ)從句課件.ppt》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《江蘇省2019高考英語(yǔ) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法核心突破 第七課時(shí) 定語(yǔ)從句課件.ppt(38頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、第七課時(shí) 定語(yǔ)從句,,1.The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京卷),A.that B.as C.where D.when 答案 A [句意:我們?cè)谌粘I钪杏龅降男?wèn)題可能就是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。此句是定語(yǔ)從句,從句缺少賓語(yǔ),先行詞是problems,用that。],[感 悟 高 考],2.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ pu
2、rposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017江蘇卷),A.which B.it’s C.whose D.whom 答案 C [先行詞是“the World Food Programme”,whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),修飾purposes,故選C。句意:1963年聯(lián)合國(guó)建立了世界糧食計(jì)劃署,其目的之一就是為了緩解世界范圍內(nèi)的饑餓問(wèn)題。],3.My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.(201
3、7天津卷),A.that B.whose C.his D.who 答案 B [句意:我的最大兒子,他因工作原因去全世界,現(xiàn)在在紐約。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是my eldest son,根據(jù)句意和空后名詞,確定引導(dǎo)詞做定語(yǔ),在定語(yǔ)從句中只有引導(dǎo)詞whose修飾名詞做定語(yǔ),意為:……的……。故選B。],4.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of ________ has been proved.(2016浙江卷),A.whom B.which C.what
4、 D.that 答案 B [句意:科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)提出許多關(guān)于人類為什么哭泣時(shí)流淚的理論,其中沒(méi)有一個(gè)已被證明。分析句子成分可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,此處是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,which代替many theories。],5.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京卷),A.whose B.why C.where D.which 答案 A [句意:我住在一對(duì)夫婦的隔壁,他們的孩子經(jīng)常弄出很大的噪音。先行詞為couple,由句意可知children與coup
5、le之間為所屬關(guān)系,故用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。],[要 點(diǎn) 精 析],一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1.關(guān)系代詞的用法分類,2.關(guān)系代詞的用法與分類依據(jù),(1)根據(jù)所引導(dǎo)的從句的限制性和非限制性 (2)根據(jù)所替代的先行詞是指人還是指物 (3)根據(jù)它在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ),3.只用that不用which的情況,(1)先行詞是不定代詞或者先行詞被不定代詞所修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞通常只用that,不用which。 Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students. 老師所做的事情沒(méi)有不影響到學(xué)生的。 (2)當(dāng)
6、先行詞被序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí),the only, the very, the last等修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞通常只用that,不用which。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最激動(dòng)人心的足球比賽之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 這是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。,(3)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),關(guān)系代詞只用that,不用which。 The scientist and his achievements that you tol
7、d me about are admired by us all. 我們所有人都?xì)J佩你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他所取得的成就。 (4)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí),通常只用that,不用which。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我們的學(xué)校不再是以前的樣子了。 (5)句中其他位置已出現(xiàn)which,為避免重復(fù),不用which而用that引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 Which is the car that has overtaken us? 超過(guò)我們的是哪輛車?,4.只用which不用that的情況,(1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)
8、從句中只能使用關(guān)系代詞which,不能使用that。 Air,which we breathe every day, is around us all the time. 我們每天呼吸的空氣始終在我們的周圍。 (2)在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,用關(guān)系代詞which,不能使用that。 She showed me the dictionary for which she paid a lot of money. 她給我看了她花了很多錢買的那本字典。,[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ),前面又沒(méi)有介詞時(shí),whom可以改為who,也可以省略。 The girl (who/whom) he
9、 invited may be his girlfriend. 他邀請(qǐng)的那個(gè)女孩可能是他的女朋友。 (2)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,whose修飾物時(shí)可以換為“the+名詞+of which”;修飾人時(shí),可以換為“the+名詞+of whom”。 The classroom,whose door is broken, will soon be repaired. →The classroom, the door of which is broken,will soon be repaired. 那間門壞了的教室很快就會(huì)被修理了。,二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1.where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,where
10、表示地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on...+which”。 In countries where (in which) many different languages are spoken,English is often used as an official language to help people municate. 在一些說(shuō)多種語(yǔ)言的國(guó)家里,英語(yǔ)經(jīng)常作為官方語(yǔ)言來(lái)幫助人們交流。 [名師點(diǎn)津] 當(dāng)先行詞為situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名詞,且引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中表示事情發(fā)生的情況
11、、階段等時(shí),常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。 You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你到了藥物無(wú)法治療的地步。,2.when 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,when表示時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on/during ...+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。 I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 我正期盼那一天的到來(lái),那時(shí)我女兒可以讀這本書(shū),并且了解我對(duì)她的感情。,3.why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,wh
12、y表示原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于“介詞for+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting? 你知道他沒(méi)參加會(huì)議的原因嗎? [名師點(diǎn)津] 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,常用for which 表示原因而不用why。 I had told them the reason,for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 我把理由告訴了他們,為此我沒(méi)有去開(kāi)會(huì)。,【技法點(diǎn)撥】 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的辨析方法 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)
13、)能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 This is the museum where we saw the famous painting.(引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)) 這就是我們看到那幅名畫(huà)的博物館。 This is the museum which we visited last summer.(引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)) 這就是我們?nèi)ツ晗奶烊サ哪莻€(gè)博物館。,三、“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1.介詞和關(guān)系代詞的確定,若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom,指物時(shí)常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介詞后,即“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞,可以從
14、以下三方面入手: (1)先行詞的意義 (2)句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞與先行詞的固定搭配 (3)句子的意思 Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè)。(be devoted to“獻(xiàn)身,致力于”),I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far. 我希望感謝史密斯教授,沒(méi)有他的幫助,我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)走這么遠(yuǎn)。 Recently I bought an anc
15、ient vase, whose price(=the price of which) was very reasonable. 最近我買了個(gè)古代的花瓶,它的價(jià)錢很合理。,2.“of+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后表示整體與部分的關(guān)系可以用of which/whom。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are family members. 約翰邀請(qǐng)了大約40人參加他
16、的婚禮,他們當(dāng)中絕大部分是家庭成員。,3.“介詞+where”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,有時(shí)“介詞+where”可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)要和“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。 His head soon appeared out of the window,from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的頭很快從窗口探了出來(lái),從那里除了樹(shù)木他什么也看不到。(from where相當(dāng)于from out of the window,而不是from the window),四、as 和which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1.as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用在the same.
17、..as, such...as, as...as, so...as結(jié)構(gòu)中,as可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),可以用來(lái)代替先行詞是表示人或物的名詞。 They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English. 他們只能讀類似這樣的一些用簡(jiǎn)易英語(yǔ)改寫的故事。(as作主語(yǔ)) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 這些房子以人們期望的低價(jià)出售。(as作賓語(yǔ)),2.關(guān)系代詞as, which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,(1)as引導(dǎo)的非
18、限制性定語(yǔ)從句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有時(shí)還可插入主句中,而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后。 After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision. 大學(xué)畢業(yè)后我抽出一部分時(shí)間去旅游,事實(shí)證明這是一個(gè)明智的選擇。,(2)當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放在主句前面時(shí),只能用as。注意此時(shí)與名詞性從句的互換。 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth
19、 once every month. →It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名詞性從句) →What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名詞性從句) 眾所周知,月球每月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一圈。 (3)as意為“正如……”,后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等;which意為
20、“這一點(diǎn)”。 As is often the case with children,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. 正如孩子們常有的情況一樣,醫(yī)生到的時(shí)候Amy就好了。,[解 題 策 略],1.先行詞還原法,如果認(rèn)為是定語(yǔ)從句,大家可以把前面的名詞直接還原到從句中,如果此句意思通順,則為定語(yǔ)從句。 She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A.that B.which C
21、.where D.when 答案 D [her stay為先行詞,代入定語(yǔ)從句后為:She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there。when指代her stay在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。],2.四步分析法,正確選擇引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞是學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn),大家可以使用“四步分析法”來(lái)正確解答試題。一看指人還是物;二看介詞在何處;三看句中作何用;四看是否性特殊。 Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will
22、 gain weight quickly. A.what B.whose C.which D.that 答案 B [句意:不愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會(huì)很快發(fā)胖。空處引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),且缺少定語(yǔ)成分,因此只能考慮填作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。A中的what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。whose “誰(shuí)的”,符合句意。],3.固定搭配法,在解答定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)還要注意一些固定短語(yǔ),這樣就需要確定關(guān)系詞前的介詞等。 Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________we may return in the near future. A.on which
23、 B.by which C.to which D.from which 答案 C [句意:風(fēng)力是很古老的一種能源,不久的將來(lái)我們也許會(huì)再利用它。return to “重新利用”,屬于固定搭配。],[針 對(duì) 訓(xùn) 練],1.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,________ the weather may be better.(2016天津卷),A.that B.where C.which D.when 答案 D [分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在此引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為next week,且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間
24、狀語(yǔ),故用when。],2.He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.(2015重慶卷),A.whom B.which C.them D.that 答案 B [句意:他寫了許多兒童讀物,幾乎有一半的書(shū)是在二十世紀(jì)九十年代出版的。逗號(hào)之后是一個(gè)修飾children’s books的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,which指代children’s books。],3.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,________ show
25、s that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015福建卷),A.who B.whom C.that D.which 答案 D [句意:《今日中國(guó)》吸引了全世界的讀者,這表明世界上越來(lái)越多的人想了解中國(guó)。先行詞是前面的整個(gè)主句,在從句中作主語(yǔ),用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。],4.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.(重慶卷),A.which B.
26、where C.when D.what 答案 A [句意:一個(gè)月之后我們就能完成年初制定的銷售目標(biāo)。先行詞targets在從句中作set的賓語(yǔ),故要用關(guān)系代詞,which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。],5.Students should involve themselves in munity activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.(福建卷),A.who B.when C.which D.where 答案 D [句意:學(xué)生應(yīng)該潛心于社區(qū)活動(dòng)之中,在這些活動(dòng)中,他們可以獲取成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故選D。],6
27、.Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.(陜西卷),A.that B.which C.as D.what 答案 A [句意:請(qǐng)把所有有關(guān)這個(gè)職位候選人的信息發(fā)給我們。首先排除D項(xiàng),因?yàn)閣hat不是定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,而是名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞;先行詞information在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞have的賓語(yǔ),前面又有all來(lái)修飾,故只能用that;不用which;as用在定語(yǔ)從句中常和such,the same連用。],7.Robert Johnson
28、was an American singer and musician,________ records reached a wider audience after his death.,A.whom B.which C.whose D.where 答案 C [此處whose在定語(yǔ)從句中修飾名詞records,該定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞an American singer and musician。],8.Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be consi
29、dered.,A.what B.in what C.which D.in which 答案 D [句意:心靈的護(hù)理是一個(gè)逐漸的過(guò)程,在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,甚至生活中那些微小的細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該加以考慮。which引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,which代前面的process,in which相當(dāng)于in the process。],9.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.,A.which B.who
30、 C.where D.what 答案 B [指人的先行詞people在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故選B。],10.There is no simple answer to such a question,________is often the case in science.,A.one B.that C.as D.what 答案 C [句意:這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的答案,這在科學(xué)上是常有的事。從句中缺少主語(yǔ),故選as作主語(yǔ),指代前面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。],11.With the help of the Internet,d
31、ifferent countries have e together to form a munity________ people can share thoughts and global issues.,A.whose B.which C.where D.when 答案 C [句意:在因特網(wǎng)的幫助下,不同的國(guó)家聚集在一起形成了一個(gè)共同體,人們可以在其中交流想法和全球的問(wèn)題。分析句子成分可知,本題為定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為a munity,從句中缺少狀語(yǔ),結(jié)合句意可知where符合題意。],12.It’s strongly advised that smokers not be allowed to smoke in any room ________ babies currently occupy.,A.where B.whose C.that D.as 答案 C [句意:強(qiáng)烈建議不允許吸煙者在嬰兒所在的任何房間吸煙。分析句子成分可知,本題考查的是定語(yǔ)從句。any room為先行詞,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞occupy的后面缺少賓語(yǔ),結(jié)合句意可知that符合題意。],
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