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1、 高考英語語法?過去分詞?詳解 總述： -ED?分詞即我們平常所說的動(dòng)詞過去分詞。它有兩種形式:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式和不 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式由規(guī)則動(dòng)詞+-ED?構(gòu)成;不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞有其特殊的-ED 分詞。在語法功能上,它在句子中所能承擔(dān)的成分基本與-ING?分詞相同,可以作表 語,定語,狀語?,也可以用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中?,不管它作什么成分?,其最基本的含義是?"被 動(dòng)"的。-ED?分詞在語法功能和意義上與-ING?分詞有一定的區(qū)別。 第一節(jié)?-ED?分詞的用法 一、-ED?分詞作表語 The?glass?is?broken.?

2、/?He?was?amused.?/?She?seemed?quite?disappointed.?/?He?is greatly?discouraged?by?her?refusal?of?inviting?her?to?the?party.?/?The?window?remains locked. 已經(jīng)形容詞化了的?-ED?分詞大都作表語?,?常見的有?:accomplished,?amazed, amused,?astonished,?broken,?closed,?completed,?complicated,?confused,?crowded, des

3、erted,?devoted,?disappointed,?discouraged,?dressed,?drunk,?exhausted,?excited, experienced,?faded,?fascinated,?frightened,?hurt,?inexperienced,?interested,?known, learned,?lost,?married,?pleased,?puzzled,?qualified,?satisfied,?surprised,?tired, unprepared,?unqualified,?unknown,?upset,?worri

4、ed,?wounded?等。 二、作定語的-ED?分詞 -ED?分詞可以作前置定語也可以作后置定語,作后置定語時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從 句 1)?Commercial?banks?make?most?of?their?income?from?interest?on?loans?and investments?in?stocks?and?bonds. [A]?earn?[B]?earned?[C]?to?earn[D]?was?earned 2)?On?his?return?from?his?college,?he?found?the?house?. [

5、A]?deserting[B]?deserted[C]?desert[D]?to?be?deserted 3)?The?age?[A]?of?a?geological?sample?can?be?estimated?[B]?from?the?ratio?of radioactive?to?nonradioactive?carbon?present?[C]?in?the?object?is?examined?[D]?. 三、用作狀語的-ED?分詞 。 這樣的-ED?分詞通常來自及物動(dòng)詞。-ED?分詞用作狀語時(shí),跟-ING?分詞作狀語 時(shí)一樣,修飾主句的謂語動(dòng)詞

6、,意義上相當(dāng)于狀語從句,表示時(shí)間,條件,原因,伴隨狀 況等。-ED?分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語,前邊往往可以加?when,while,if,asif,though?這時(shí),我 們可以把-ED?分詞結(jié)構(gòu)理解為一個(gè)省略句,即省去了"主語和?be?的變化形式"。一 般說來,這種結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。 1.?表示時(shí)間 4)?Inaugurated?a?second?time?on?March?4,?1901,?focused?on?domestic?rather?than foreign?policies. [A]?William?McKinley's?new

7、?term?looked?forward?to?and [B]?the?new?term?looked?forward?to?William?McKinley?and [C]?looking?forward?to?a?new?term?was?William?McKinley [D]?William?McKinley?looked?forward?to?a?new?term 2.?表示條件 5)?under?a?microscope,a?fresh?snowflake?has?a?delicate?six?pointed?shape. [A]?Seen?[B

8、]?Sees?[C]?Seeing[D]?To?see 鉻) 6)?to?steel,chromium(?increases?the?metal's?hardness. [A]?Added?[B]?In?addition?[C]?Adding[D]?Adds 7)?enough?food?and?water,?they?could?have?beaten?the?enemy. [A]?Being?given[B]?Given[C]?Give [D]?To?give 3.?表示原因 8)?Encouraged?by?his?mother,?. [

9、A]?art?was?studied?in?Florence?by?John?Singer?Sargent [B]?Florence?was?where?John?Singer?Sargent?studied?art [C]?the?study?of?art?in?Florence?by?John?Singer?Sargent [D]?John?Singer?Sargent?studied?art?in?Florence. 9)?by?the?decision,?the?lawyer?quickly?left?the?court?room. [A]?Angerin

10、g?[B]?Having?angered?[C]?Being?angry?[D]?Angered 10)?Written?in?great?haste,?. [A]?Jim?made?a?lot?of?mistakes?in?the?report?[B]?there?are?plenty?of?errors?in?the report [C]?we?found?several?mistakes?in?his?report?[D]?the?books?is?full?of?errors. 4.?表示伴隨狀況?:-ED?分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語表示伴隨狀況時(shí)?,沒有適當(dāng)?shù)姆?/p>

11、句可替 換 11)?was?not?incorporated?as?a?city?until?almost?two?centuries?later,in?1834. [A]?Settling?Brooklyn,the?Dutch?[B]?The?Dutch?settled?Brooklyn [C]?Brooklyn?was?settled?by?the?Dutch?[D]?Settled?by?the?Dutch,Brooklyn 12)?Anna?was?reading?a?piece?of?science?fiction,?completely?to?the?

12、outside?world. [A]?being?lost[B]?having?lost[C]?losing[D]?lost5.?表示讓步 13)?Francis?Preston?Blair,Jr.,?born?in?Kentucky,lived?and?practiced?law?in?Missouri. [A]?was?[B]?he?was?[C]?although?[D]?who?he?was?6.?表示結(jié)果 14)?in?all?parts?of?the?state,?pines?are?the?most?common?trees?in?Georgia.

13、[A]?Found?[B]?Finding?them?[C]?To?find?them?[D]?They?are?found 7.?表示目的 15)?They?should?be?kept?here?this?matter. [A]?informing?about [B]?be?informed [C]?be?informed?of [D]?informed?of8.?表示背景和襯托 16)?Known?for?her?caricatures(漫畫)?of?the?United?States?society,?. [A]?Peggy?Brown?

14、wrote?and?illustrated?books?for?children [B]?the?writing?and?illustrating?of?books?for?children?by?Peggy?Brown [C]?children's?books?were?written?and?illustrated?by?Peggy?Brown [D]?Peggy?Brown's?writing?and?illustrating?of?children's?books 17)?Well?known?as?a?splendid?pianist?in?Boston,?.

15、 [A]?we?all?are?pleased?to?hear?Mr.?Anderson's?concerto(小協(xié)奏曲) [B]?a?concerto?was?composed?by?Mr.?Anderson [C]?Mr.?Anderson?composed?a?concerto [D]?Mr.?Anderson's?concerto?was?composed 四、-ED?分詞在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中 Don't?get?your?schedule?changed;?stay?with?us?in?this?class. Peter?had?his?gas

16、?and?electricity?turned?on?when?he?moved?into?his?new?apartment last?month. He?kept?his?mouth?shut?and?stayed?where?he?was.(他閉口不言,呆在原地不動(dòng)。) They?are?talking?about?the?experiment?made?in?the?new?lab. 五、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 如果-ED?分詞短語與-ING?短語帶有與句子主語不同的主語,即本短語自己本身 帶有主語,這就構(gòu)成了獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)?(也叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)?),這種結(jié)構(gòu)也

17、可作 狀語表示時(shí)間,原因等。有時(shí)在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)前還可加介詞?with?或?without。 Her?eyes?filled?with?tears,?she?did?not?notice?his?coming. 18)?This?,?we?went?out?to?play. [A]?was?done[B]?did[C]?was?dong[D]?done 19)?all?his?followers?dead,?the?commander?was?taken?by?his?enemy. [A]?For[B]?As[C]?Because?of[D]?With 六、

18、例題解析 1)?B?為正確答案?？諜n前是一完整的句子,在沒有連詞的情況下,不能填充?A?和 D;根據(jù)題意,"利息"是"通過…(被)掙來的",有被動(dòng)之意,所以選?B。 2)?B?為正確答案。此句的意思是"房子"被"遺棄,沒人住",是被動(dòng)的意義,而?A?和 C?都不符合這一點(diǎn)。?D?是動(dòng)詞不定式?,一般表示將來或具體動(dòng)作?,所以?D?也不對(duì)。 3)?D?錯(cuò)。應(yīng)去掉多余的"is",使-ED?分詞"examined"作后置定語修飾"object"。C 處并沒有錯(cuò)。"present"是形容詞,它與后面的成分構(gòu)成形容詞短語修飾限定前面的 "the?ratio…ca

19、rbon"。 4)?D?為正確答案。這句話前半句的-ED?分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句"When?he was?inaugurated?a?second?time?…",?主句的主語應(yīng)當(dāng)是人,所以?A?和?D?為可能選項(xiàng), 但?A?中的?look?forward?to?后應(yīng)跟名詞,那么只有?D?為正確選項(xiàng)。 5)?A?為正確答案。本句的意思是"在顯微鏡下看,雪花……",顯然這里的看是" 被觀察"之義。B、C、D?都表示主動(dòng),A?為正確選項(xiàng)。 6)?A?為正確答案。(同上) 7)?B?為正確答案。(同上) 8)?D?為正確答案。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有?

20、D?的主語為"John?Singer?Sargent"(人名)?, 而只有人才能被"encouraged"(鼓舞),也就是說,只有?D?中的主語能充當(dāng)空白前-ED 分詞短語的邏輯主語。 9)?D?為正確答案?？瞻滋幹荒苡?ED?分詞才可和后面的"by"短語發(fā)生聯(lián)系,并 且其邏輯主語和主句主語一致。 10)?D?為正確答案。本句的意思是"由于(被)寫得急,……",所以?A?和?C?不對(duì)。 雖然?B?中的主語"plenty?of?errors"與"written"邏輯上可以呼應(yīng),但與"in?the?great haste"不一致。?"Written?in?

21、great?haste"的邏輯主語還是"the?books"。所以?D?正確。 11)?D?為正確答案。從上下文看,空檔處的主語應(yīng)是表示要點(diǎn)的名詞("as?a?city"), 那么?A?不對(duì);B?和?C?都是一分句,而空檔后是謂語部分,它們不作為正確選項(xiàng)。 12)?D?為正確答案。 13)?C?為正確答案。 14)?A?對(duì)。本句的主語為?pines(松樹)?,這樣就排除了?B?選項(xiàng),因?yàn)?ING?分詞表 主動(dòng)?,而"松樹?"不可能是?"找"(find)這個(gè)動(dòng)作的邏輯主語?,即動(dòng)作發(fā)出者。故只有 A"found"(被發(fā)現(xiàn))?的邏輯主語與"pines"一致

22、,應(yīng)選?A。 15)?D?為正確答案。 16)?A?為正確答案。空檔前是-ED?分詞短語,空檔處應(yīng)是主謂俱全句,排除?B?和 D。從-ED?分詞短語中(Known?for?her?…)可知,主句的主語是人而不是物,所以?C 也不對(duì)。 17)?C?為正確答案。(同上) 18)?D?為正確答案。A?是不對(duì)的,如果?we?前加上?and,才能選?A。 19)?D?為正確答案。 不定式、-ING?分詞和-ED?分詞三者間的關(guān)系 一、動(dòng)詞不定式與-ING?分詞的區(qū)別 1.?作賓語時(shí),-ING?分詞表示抽象的、一般性或習(xí)慣性的和連續(xù)性

23、的動(dòng)作,而不 定式則表示某次具體動(dòng)作,特別是將來的動(dòng)作 I?like?playing?football.?I?would?like?to?play?football?this?afternoon. 1)?The?school?cannot?tolerate?on?exams. [A]?cheating?[B]?to?cheat?[C]?be?cheated?[D]?being?cheated 2)?News?of?success?keeps?in. [A]?pouring?[B]?to?pour?[C]?poured?[D]?to?be?pouring

24、 3)?Long?[A]?before?the?dawn?[B]?of?recorded?[C]?history,?humans?celebrated?to harvest?[D]?their?crops. 2.?作定語時(shí),-ING?表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,用-ING?的完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成;不 定式表示未來發(fā)生 4)?We?were?overjoyed?at?the?news?of?China?another?man-made?satellite. [A]?having?launched?[B]?to?have?launched?[C]?to?launch?[D

25、]?launched 5)?The?applicants?interviewing?[A]?are?required?to?[B]?bring?all?the?necessary papers?[C]?two?days?later?[D]?. 6)?Sorghum(高梁)?leaves?[A]?occasionally?contain?[B]?enough?hydrocyanic?acid killing?[C]?livestock(牲畜)?[D]?. 3.?當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候,用不定式而不用-ING?分詞作賓語 It's?beginning?to?s

26、now?you. It?starts?raining. I'm?considering?how?to?go(where?to?go,?what?to?do). I?considered?employing?Mr.Wang?but?I?decided?that?Mr.Chen?was?more?suited to?the?job. 4.?在?remember,forget?等詞后,如果跟-ING?分詞,表示-ING?分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主 要謂語之前;如果跟不定式則表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主要謂語動(dòng)作之后 I?remember?telling?her?that?la

27、st?night.?("告 訴"發(fā)生在"記得"之前) He?remembered?to?tell?her?that?when?she came?back.?("記得"發(fā)生在"告訴"之前) I'm?sorry?I?forgot?to?give?you?the?message.?(主 語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作"忘記"發(fā)生在不定式表 示的動(dòng)作"給帶口信"之前) Why!?I?have?such?a?bad?memory.?I?forgot giving?the?message?last?night.?(-ING?分詞 表示的動(dòng)作"給帶口信"發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表 示

28、的動(dòng)作"忘記"之前) 5.?stop,?go?on?和?leave?off?之后跟接動(dòng)詞不定式和-ING?分詞所表達(dá)的意義有所 不同 They?stopped?(talking)?to?work.?[停下(其他動(dòng)作)來工作] They?stopped?working.?[停下工作(來干其他動(dòng)作)] Workers?went?on?discussing?the?problem.?[工人繼續(xù)討論這一問題] Workers?went?on?to?discuss?the?problem.[?工人們停下來其他事,繼續(xù)討論這一問 題] He?left?o

29、ff?writing.[他停下寫作(去干其他事)] He?left?off?to?write.[他停下(其他事)來寫作] 6.?…?used?to?后跟不定式和-ING?分詞,后跟不定式有兩種情況:一種是?used?to?是 固定用法表示"過去經(jīng)常干……";另外一種情況是?use?的被動(dòng)詞態(tài)"be?used"后跟不 定式;后跟-ING?分詞的情況有一種,那就是當(dāng)?used?to?中的?used?是形容詞時(shí),to?后跟 名詞或-ING?分詞 7)?When?he?was?in?the?plastic?plant,?he?together?with?the?wo

30、rkers. [A]?has?worked?[B]?had?worked?[C]?had?been?worked?[D]?used?to?work 8)?You?will?soon?this?climate?and?then?the?changes?in?temperature?will?not?affect you. [A]?get?used?to[B]?get?to[C]?get?over[D]?get?on?with 9)?Mr.?Anderson?used?to?jogging?[A]?in?the?crisp?morning?[B]?air?during

31、?[C]?the winter?months?[D]?,?but?now?he?has?stopped. 7.?一般情況下,for?后邊跟接?there?to?be,而?of?后邊則跟接?there?being 10)?It?is?fairly?common?in?Africa?for?there?an?ensemble?of?expert?musicians surrounded?by?others?who?join?in?by?clapping,?singing,?or?somehow?adding?to?the totality?of?musical?sou

32、nd. [A]?to?be?[B]?being?[C]?to?have?been?[D]?having?been 8.?be+形容詞后面要跟動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語,而不用-ING It?is?very?difficult?to?manage?the?company. 二、-ING?分詞與-ED?分詞的區(qū)別 雖然在語法功能上,-ED?分詞在句子中所能承擔(dān)的成分基本與-ING?分詞相同, 但在意義上兩者有差別?:-ING?分詞表示主動(dòng)的意義?,而-ED?分詞則表示被動(dòng)的意 義;-ING?分詞表示一般性的或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,而-ED?分詞則表示已經(jīng)完成和被動(dòng)

33、 的動(dòng)作。在表現(xiàn)形式上?,-ING?分詞有"一般式"和"完成式"與"主動(dòng)式"和"被動(dòng)式" 之分;而-ED?分詞只有一種形式。下邊我們分析-ING?分詞與-ED?分詞在語法功用 上的區(qū)別。 1.?作表語時(shí),-ING?分詞表示主語所具有的特征而-ED?分詞表示主語所處的狀 態(tài) The?book?is?quite?interesting. I?am?interested?in?the?book?very?much. The?play?is?more?exciting?than?any?I?have ever?seen. That?piece?of?land

34、?lay?deserted. 2.?作狀語時(shí)-ING?分詞表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作而-ED?分詞則表示主語發(fā) 生動(dòng)作的背景或情況 11)?In?his?movies,W.?C.?Fields?was?always at?war?with?the?world,?. [A]?battling?both?people?and?objects [B]?both?people?and?objects?were?battled [C]?he?was?battling?both?people?and?objects [D]?both?people?and?obje

35、cts?that?were?battled 13)?Having?been?served?lunch,?. [A]?the?problem?was?discussed?by?the?members?of?the?committee [B]?the?committee?members?discussed?the?problem [C]?it?was?discussed?by?the?committee?members?the?problem [D]?a?discussion?of?the?problem?was?made?by?the?members?of?the?

36、committee 12)?for?her?anthropological?research,Margaret?Mead?also?was?involved?with?the World?Federation?for?Mental?Health. [A]?She?is?noted?primarily [B]?Noted?primarily [C]?Primarily?is?noted [D]?She?primarily?noted 14)?Considered?one?of?the?leading?poets?in?America?today,?.

37、 [A]?a?number?of?books?and?plays?have?also?been?written?by?Sonia?Sanchez [B]?Sonia?Sanchez?has?also?written?a?number?of?books?and?plays [C]?a?number?of?Sonia?Sanchez's?books?and?plays?have?been?written [D]?there?have?been?a?number?of?books?and?plays?written?by?Sonia?Sanchez 3.?①作定語時(shí),-

38、ING?分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,而-ED?分詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂 語動(dòng)詞之前;②-ING?分詞表示它所修飾的詞經(jīng)?；虍?dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài),而-ED?分詞則沒有 時(shí)間性;③-ING?分詞表示主動(dòng),而-ED?分詞表示被動(dòng) 15)?The?boiled?[A]?point?of?any?liquid?[B]?is?determined?[C]?by?the?pressure?[D]?of the?surrounding?gases. 16)?High-grade?[A]?written?[B]?paper?is?frequently?[C]?obtained?[D]?from?co

39、tton rags. 17)?Scientists?[A]?still?cannot?find?[B]?any?convinced?[C]?link?between?intelligence [D]?and?the?quantity?or?quality?of?brain?cells. 4.?但少數(shù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ED?分詞,有兩種形式而且在意義上有差別,如:bear?的-ED 分詞有?born?和?borne?之分,前者只用于"出生"的意義,而后者用于"負(fù)擔(dān)","負(fù)荷"," 承擔(dān)"和"傳送"之意 I?was?born?in?1966. His?bo

40、rne?responsibility?to?the?whole?workers?of?the?factory?is?really?great. 再如:hang?的-ED?分詞也有兩種,一是?hung,另一形式是?hanged,?前者表示"懸掛 ",后者表示"吊死,絞死"。strike?的-ED?分詞也有兩種:struck?和?striken,?前者有"打 擊""沖擊""感動(dòng)"等義,而?striken?只用作形容詞,表示"受折磨"之意。 來自及物動(dòng)詞的-ED?分詞所表示的是被動(dòng)意義;來自不及物動(dòng)詞的-ED?分詞則 可表示主動(dòng)和完成的意義?:fallen?leaves

41、?(落葉?),a?full-blown?rose?(盛開的玫瑰?), escaped?prisoner(?逃犯?),?the?exploded?bomb,?her?deceased?husband,?the?retired workers,?the?vanished?jewels,?the?newly?arrived?visitors,?the?returned?students,?the risen?sun. 三、例題解析 1)?A?為正確答案。(一般性的動(dòng)作。) 2)?A?為正確答案。(連續(xù)的動(dòng)作。) ( ) 3)?D?錯(cuò)。?改為?harvesti

42、ng(抽象的動(dòng)作)。 4)?A?為正確答案。已完成的動(dòng)作。 5)?C?錯(cuò)。?改為?to?be?interviewed(將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)。 6)?C?錯(cuò)。改為?to?kill(不 定或未來動(dòng)作)。 7)?D?為正確答案。?(?過去經(jīng)?；蚩偸歉?……) 8)?A?為正確答案。?(?習(xí)慣 于……used?是形容詞) ( 9)?A?錯(cuò)。改為?jog。?表示過去經(jīng)?；蚩偸歉伞? 10)?A?為正確答案。?11)?A 為正確答案。 12)?B?為正確答案。本句是由-ED?分詞"noted"引導(dǎo)的-ED?結(jié)構(gòu),在句中說明主句 謂語的背景。 13)?B

43、?為正確答案。 14)?B?為正確答案。-ED?分詞"considered"的邏輯主語應(yīng) 為人,除?B?外的其他選項(xiàng)都無法和空白前-ED?結(jié)構(gòu)在邏輯主語上一致。 15)?A?錯(cuò)。改為?boiling。-ED?分詞含有完成和被動(dòng)的意思,-ING?分詞則表示主 動(dòng)、進(jìn)行?,也可用作前置定語表示性狀、用途。如?:"boiling?water(water?which?is boiling.)"意思是"開水",意即"正在開著的水",而"boiled?water(water?which?has?been boiled.)"雖也可譯為"開水",但表示"已開過了的水(現(xiàn)在可能涼了)。"本句?A?處應(yīng) 改為?boiling,"boiling?point"意思是"沸點(diǎn)"。 16)?B?錯(cuò)。改用"writing","writing?paper"意為"寫字的紙,信紙",-ING?分詞"writing" 表用途。與此類似的還有 "swimming?pool"(?游泳池?)?,"sleeping?car"(?臥鋪?)?。 "written"含有完成和被動(dòng)意味,不合上下文。 17)?C?錯(cuò)。改為"convincing"。"令人信服的聯(lián)系"應(yīng)為"convincing?link","con