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1、Unit 2 Robots,知識歸納,知識清單,1. ____________ n. 天才; 特殊能力; 才干 2. ____________ vt. 細看; 仔細檢查; 粗略地 看; 瀏覽; 掃描 3. ____________ n. 超重的; 體重超常的 4. ____________ n. 渴望; 欲望; 渴求 vt. 希望得到; 想要 5. ____________ adj. 優(yōu)雅的; 高雅的; 講究 的 6. ____________ n. 額外津貼; 獎金; 紅利,talent,scan,overweight,desire,elega

2、nt,bonus,(一) 基本單詞,7. ____________ adj. 較年幼的; 資歷較淺 的; 地位較低的 n. 年少者; 晚輩; 等級較 低者 8. ____________ adj. 兼職的 9. ____________ vt. 陪伴, 伴奏 10. ___________ adj. 極壞的; 極討厭的; 可 怕的; (口語)糟透的 11. ___________ n. 事務; 事情; 曖昧關系 12. ___________ n. 圍裙,junior,part-time,acpany,awful,affair

3、,apron,13. ___________ vt. 宣布; 聲明; 表明; 宣稱 14. ___________ vt. 忌妒; 羨慕 15. ___________ adj. 理論(上)的; 假設的 16. ___________ n. 全體員工; 手杖 17. ___________ n. (由他人撰寫的)傳紀; 傳記文學 18. ___________ n. 思想; 思考 19. ___________ n. (書中的)章; 篇; 回 20. ___________ n. 離婚; 斷絕關系 vt. 與……離婚; 與……脫離,declare,envy,the

4、oretical,staff,biography,thinking,chapter,divorce,21. ____________ n. 喜愛; 愛; 感情 22. ____________ n. 小說; 虛構(gòu)或想象出來 的事 23. ____________ n. 喜愛; 恩惠 vt. 喜愛; 偏袒 24. ____________ n. 堆; 摞; 疊 vi. 堆起; 堆積 vt. 把……堆起; 積聚 25. ____________ adj. 荒謬的; 可笑的 26. ____________ n. (坐、跪時用的)軟

5、 墊; 靠墊; 墊子,affection,fiction,favour,pile,absurd,cushion,27. ____________ n. 烹飪(風味); 菜肴 28. ____________ adj. 數(shù)字的; 數(shù)碼的; 手 指的; 腳趾的 29. ____________ adv. 在一邊; 向一邊 30. ____________ adj. 大的; 豪華的; 雄偉的 31. ____________ adj. 一定的; 密切相關的 32. ____________ adj. 神的; 上帝的; 圣潔的 33. ____________ n. 生物化

6、學 34. ____________ n. 評價; 評定,cuisine,digital,aside,grand,bound,holy,biochemistry,assessment,35. ___________ vt. 使警覺; 使驚恐; 驚動 n. 警報; 驚恐 →____________ adj. 擔心的; 害怕的 36. ___________ vt. 使?jié)M意,alarm,alarmed,obey,disobey,satisfaction,satisfy,satisfied,satisfying,satisfactory,(二) 派生單詞,38. __________

7、__ n. 同情(心); 支持; 贊 同 →_____________ adj. 同情的; 出于 同情的 →_____________ v. 同情; 贊同; 支持,sympathy,sympathetic,sympathize,1. _____________ 考驗出; 檢驗完 2. _____________ 給……打電話 3. _____________ 轉(zhuǎn)身; 翻轉(zhuǎn) 4. _____________ 不管; 別惹; 讓……一個 人待著; 和……單獨在一起 5. _____________ 將……放在一邊; 為……節(jié)

8、省或保留(錢或時間) 6. _____________ 一共; 總計 7. _____________ 一定做……,test out,ring up,turn around,leave… alone,set aside,in all,be bound to,(三) 短 語,She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.,結(jié)構(gòu)分析: 句中cri

9、ed out和heard是主句中的并列謂語。that... and that... 是兩個并列的從句, 作declare的賓語。,(四) 句式,核心要點,1. desire n. 渴望; 欲望; 渴求 vt. 希望得到; 想要 Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires? （課文原句） 你認為一個機器人可能會有它自己的需要和渴望嗎？,單詞,【歸納】 desire作名詞, 后常接介詞短語、動詞不定式或that從句(謂語常用“should+動詞原形”, should可以省略)。 d

10、esire作動詞, 后常接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、復合結(jié)構(gòu)或that從句(謂語常用“should+動詞原形”, should可以省略)。,【運用】用適當?shù)慕樵~填空， (1) They seem to have lost their desire ____ life. (2) I had a strong desire ___ help and care for people. (3) Tom desired ___ return to his homeland.,for,to,to,2. favour/favor n. 喜愛; 恩惠 vt. 喜愛; 偏袒 As a favor T

11、ony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant. （課文原句） 托尼為讓克萊爾高興，答應幫助她，使她變得漂亮，使她的家變得高雅大方。,【歸納】 in favor of=in support of 贊成; 支持 do sb. a favor 給某人以恩惠; 幫某人一個忙 ask sb. a favour =ask a favour of sb. 請某人幫忙 in sb.’s favour 對某人有利 favor A over B=prefer A to B 喜歡A勝過B,【拓展】 favora

12、ble adj. 贊成的, 同意的, 令人高興的, 肯定的 傾向于支持(某人/物)的, 有幫助的, 合適的,【運用】 1) 請你幫我拿一下行李好嗎？ Could you please ______________ to take the baggage? 2) 就我個人來說, 我贊成前面一種看法。 Personally, I am __________ the former view. 3) 中國的父母們歷來重男輕女。 Chinese parents traditionally ___________ _________. 4) 我想請你幫個忙。 I want to ask a fa

13、vour ___ you.,do me a favor,in favor of,over girls,of,favor boys,3. acpany vt. 陪伴; 伴奏 As he was not allowed to acpany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her. （課文原句） 因為不允許托尼陪克萊爾去商店，所以托尼就給她寫了一份購物清單。,【歸納】 acpany sb. (at/on sth.) (尤指用鋼琴)為……伴湊 【運用】 ⑴ 她頭一次出門, 我想送她一程。 It is her first

14、 time to go on a long journey; _______________________ a short distance. ⑵ 這位歌手由她的姐姐為她鋼琴伴奏。 The singer was _______________ the piano by her sister.,I’d like to acpany her,acpanied on,4. declare vt. 宣布; 聲明; 表明; 宣稱 She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave h

15、er the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. （課文原句） 她大叫一聲“托尼”，然后聽到托尼一本正經(jīng)地說，明天他不想離開她，而且他并不滿足于僅僅使她開心。,【歸納】 declare that 公布; 宣告; 表明; 宣稱 declare against sb./ sth. 聲明反對; 表示不贊成 declare for sb./ sth. 聲明支持; 表示贊成,【運用】 ⑴ 他聲稱自己是無罪的(innocent)。 He declared ___________________. ⑵ 人

16、民聲明反對這場戰(zhàn)爭。 The people declare _______________. ⑶ Honored guests, now I __________ _______________ (我宣布會議開始).,that he was innocent,conference open,against the war,declare the,5. junior adj. 較年幼的; 資歷較淺的; 地位 較低的 n. 年少者; 晚輩; 等級較低者 In 1942 he joined the staff of the Philadelphia Navy Yard as a

17、 junior chemist and worked there for three years. （課文原句） 1942年，他在費城海軍造船廠里擔任初級化學師，干了三年。,【歸納】 be junior to sb. 比某人年少, 職位較……低 be…years sb.’s junior/ be sb.’s junior (by…) 小某人……歲; 比某人小……歲,6. talent n. 天才; 特殊能力; 才干 It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious. （課文原

18、句） 早在阿西莫夫11歲的時候，他的寫作才華就已經(jīng)顯露出來了。,【歸納】 have a talent/gift for... 有……才能/天賦 【拓展】 talented adj. 有才能的; 天才的 talented players/artists/youngsters 天才運動員/藝術家/神童,【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思, 完成英語句子。 ⑴ 王老師是一個才華橫溢的人。 Mr. Wang is a man _______________. ⑵ 那個女孩有音樂天賦。 The girl ______________ music.,has a talent for,of many talen

19、ts,7. divorce n. 離婚; 斷絕關系 vt. 與……離婚; 與……脫離 Soon after his divorce in 1973, Asimov married again but he had no children with his second wife. （課文原句） 1973年離婚后不久，阿西莫夫又結(jié)婚了。但是他與第二任妻子沒有生育兒女。,【注】 正如表示“和某人結(jié)婚”, 不用marry with sb.一樣, 表示“與某人離婚”, 也不說 divorce with sb.。因為marry和divorce本 身作及物動詞, 本身就含“和……結(jié)婚/

20、離 婚”之意。,【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思, 完成英語句子。 ⑴ 兩年前她同丈夫離婚了。 She __________________________ her husband two years ago. ⑵ 他們認為藝術應該與政治分開。 They believed that art should be _____________ politics.,divorced/got a divorce from,divorced from,8. obey vi. 順從 A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings. （課文原句

21、） 機器人必須服從由人類給予的指令。,【拓展】 disobey v. 不服從, 不順從,【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思, 完成英語句子。 ⑴ 任何學生都必須遵守校規(guī)。 Any student should ______________ _____. ⑵ 他別無選擇, 只有服從。 He had no choice ___________.,but to obey,obey the school,rules,1. test out 考驗出; 檢驗完 It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire. （課文原句） 這項實驗將有拉里的

22、夫人克萊爾來嘗試。,短語,【拓展】 work out 設計出; 計算出 take out 拿出; 取出 wear out 穿破; 耗盡; 使厭煩 e out 出來; 顯露 set out 動身; 開始,【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成英語句子。 ⑴ 昨晚我叫他過來測試我的新電腦。 I asked him to _______________________ ___________. ⑵ 科學家靠實驗檢驗理論。 Scientists ______________ by experiment.,test out my new puter,test out theories,last ni

23、ght,2. turn around 轉(zhuǎn)身; 回轉(zhuǎn); 使(業(yè)務)好轉(zhuǎn) As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. （課文原句） 她剛一轉(zhuǎn)過去，就看到格拉迪斯克拉芬站在那兒。,【歸納】 turn in 歸還; 上交; 去睡覺 turn up 調(diào)大(聲音, 熱度) turn down 調(diào)低(聲音, 熱度); 拒絕 turn on 開(電燈, 電視); 啟動(汽車) turn off 關(自來水, 電燈) turn out 結(jié)果是; 成為 turn to 求助于; 翻到(書中某頁),【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成英語句子。 ⑴ 我轉(zhuǎn)過身去發(fā)現(xiàn)父

24、親站在那兒。 I _____________ and saw my father standing there. ⑵ 在近三年里她已使公司的業(yè)務好轉(zhuǎn)起來。 In the last 3 years she __________ the pany ________.,around,turned around,has turned,Tom had to______ the invitation to the party lastweekend because he was too busy. (2015，天津) A. turn in B. turn down C. turn ove

25、r D. turn to 【解析】 上個周湯姆不得不拒絕宴會的邀請，因為他太忙了。A. turn in 上交；B. turn down拒絕； C. turn over 移交；D. turn to求助。,3. leave ... alone 不管; 別惹; 讓……一個 人待著; 和……單獨在一起 She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed. （課文原句） 她高聲嚷著：“讓我自己呆一會！”就跑上床。,【歸納】 leave aside 擱置 leave behind 留下(不帶走), 遺忘(沒拿) leave fo

26、r ... 動身到……, 出發(fā)去…… leave off 停止 leave out 漏掉, 遺漏,【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。 1. __________________, or you’ll be bitten by it. 別惹那只狗, 不然你會被它咬傷。 2. _________________________. 我不想一個人待著。 3. She always tried to avoid being ________ with Miss Anderson. 她總是試圖避免與安德森小姐獨處。,Leave that dog alone,I don’t want to be

27、left alone,left alone,4. set aside 把……放在一邊; 留出, 撥出 (金錢或時間) He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise. （課文原句） 當他的老板宣布他可以給訓練留出時間時，他很高興。,【歸納】 set about (doing) sth. 開始, 著手 set down 記下, 寫下 set off 開始, 動身; (使)爆炸 set out (to do) 出發(fā), 開始 set up

28、 建立; 豎立, 升起,【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成英語句子。 ⑴ 那輛舊車已被擱置一旁不再使用了。 The old car ________________ and is out of use. ⑵ 爭取每天至少抽出一個小時來學習新詞 匯。 Try to ______________________ each day for learning new vocabulary.,has been set aside,set aside at least an hour,5. be bound to 有……的義務, 一定…… Who said that making a robot

29、 so much like a man was bound to cause trouble? （課文原句） 誰說制作出一個和人類很相像的機器人就一定會引起麻煩？,【運用】根據(jù)據(jù)漢語意思完成英語句子。 ⑴ 大家應當遵守法律。 All _________________________. ⑵ You’ve done so much work — ___________________________ (你一定 能及格).,are bound to obey the laws,you’re bound to pass the exam,I. 用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 She

30、 obtained great ___________ (satisfy) from helping other people. 2. A(n) ________ (receive) was appointed by the court to handle the pany’s affairs.,receiver,satisfaction,3. If you continue to ________ (obey) the rules, you will be punished. 4. The tests are supposed to provide a basis for the _____

31、_____ (assess) of children.,assessment,disobey,II. 用適當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。 1. The Ferrari team wanted to test their new car _____ on the racetrack. 2. The teacher has absolutely no sympathy _____ students who get caught cheating in exams. 3. Why don’t you ring ____ Simon and ask him to the party?,up,out,for,4.

32、 The pany turned ________ from losses of 1.4 million last year to profits of 26,800. 5. Try to set ______ some time each day for exercise. 6. The author has a great affection ____ his hometown. 7. Mozart’s talent _____ music showed at an early age.,for,around,aside,for,語法,語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以表示主語和謂語之間的關系。英

33、語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。,被動語態(tài)（一）,常用的幾種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)及含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式：,動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)：,1. 當動詞不定式與其邏輯主語之間是被動關系時，要用不定式的被動式。動詞不定式的被動式有兩種：①一般式的被動式：to be done；②完成式的被動式：to have been done。 2. 動詞不定式的被動式在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語及主語補足語。,e.g. 1. It’s an honor to be invited to the ceremony. 2. Thi

34、s book is to be published next year. 3. Jennifer begged to be forgiven. 4. The airport to be pleted next month will help promote tourism in this city. 5. David was sent there to be trained for the space flight. 6. The woman doesn’t want her son to be taken away. 7. The book was said to have been pub

35、lished before he passed away.,用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。 I, who have a physical disability, have something to say. I dislike 1. ____________ (call) disabled. I have learned to live with my body and have adjusted my way of life. I know people are trying to help me, but I hope I can 2. _________ (treat) as a n

36、ormal person. I would like 3. ____________ (accept) for who I am. While I may not be able to walk, a lot of,to be accepted,being called,be treated,great things remain 4. __________ (do) in my life. My dream is 5. ____________ (admit) to a top university. I love reading about young disabled people wh

37、o have overe great difficulties. One of the most encouraging articles 6. ___________ (write) by a blind girl. She was said 7. _________________ (give) an award for young scientists. The circumstances of my life put me in a wheelchair, but I believe my potential will 8. ____________ (develop) and

38、lead to success.,be developed,to be done,to be admitted,was written,to have been given,選擇填空。 1. --Did you enjoy the party? --Yes, we ___ by our hosts. (2015，北京) A. were treated B. would be treated. C. treated D. had treated 【解析】—你喜歡這個聚會嗎？—是的，我們的主人很好的招待了我們。根據(jù)did可知用一般過去時；we和treated是動賓關系，用被動語態(tài)。

39、結(jié)合上下文語境，找出相關提示詞來判斷時態(tài)；分析出主語和動詞是主謂關系還是動賓關系。,2. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ____ so far by the two sides. (2015, 天津) A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached 【解析】盡管之前多輪談判，但到目前為止雙方?jīng)]有達成任何協(xié)議。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語so far“到目前為止”可知用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語agreement與reach為被動關

40、系。,3. To my delight, I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. (2015, 福建) A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen 【解析】讓我高興的是，我從成百上千的參加者中被選中參加開幕式。是被動語態(tài)，又因為被選中是過去發(fā)生的事情，對過去發(fā)生的事情的一般描述，故用一般過去式。,完成句子。 1. The students have been working hard on their lesso

41、ns and their efforts ______________ (reward) with success in the end.(2016, 北京) 【解析】學生們一直都很努力學習功課，最終回報他們努力的將是成功。一般將來時，their efforts 與reward構(gòu)成被動。,will be rewarded,2. More efforts, as reported, ___________ (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply- side structural reform. (2016, 江蘇) 【解析】據(jù)報

42、道，為了加速供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)改革，在今后幾年將做出更大的努力。in the years ahead可知動作發(fā)生在將來，more efforts與make為被動關系。,will be made,3. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _______________ (reach) so far by the two sides. (2015, 天津) 【解析】盡管之前進行了多輪談判，但到目前為止雙方?jīng)]有取得一致意見。so far可知應用現(xiàn)在完成時，agreement與謂語動詞為被動關系。,has been reached,4. T

43、o my delight, I __________ (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. (2015, 福建) 【解析】使我高興的是，在數(shù)以百計的申請者中，我被選出來參加開幕式。I與choose為被動，本題介紹的是過去的一種情況用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。,was chosen,5. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ____________ (make) into at least ten different films over the past years. (20

44、13, 北京) 【解析】在過去的數(shù)年里，莎士比亞的戲劇《哈姆雷特》被制作成了至少十部不同的電影。over the past years為現(xiàn)在完成時，play與make構(gòu)成被動關系。,has been made,寫作,【寫作任務】 假設你是某國際中學的學生，學校正在舉辦家用機器人(household robot)設計大賽活動，請你展開合理想象，用英語寫一篇文章，介紹你理想中未來的家用機器人，并發(fā)表到你校英語論壇上。 注意：詞數(shù)120左右。,如何寫想象類作文,【寫作指導】 這是一篇想象類作文。想象類作文是一種創(chuàng)造性的寫作，是開放式作文的一種。此類寫作要注意以下幾點： 一、想象既要新

45、穎，有創(chuàng)造性，又要合情合理，符合生活的客觀現(xiàn)實； 二、寫作目的要明確，段落敘述始終圍繞主題展開； 三、合理使用連接詞，使文章銜接連貫。 針對這篇習作的主題，可以把全文分為三段： 第一段：開門見山，提出想象的話題——未來的家用機器人； 第二段：描寫未來家用機器人的特征及功能； 第三段：進行簡要總結(jié)。,【常用表達】 What will ... be like? Here is what I think about ... It is different from ... It is like ... Its size / shape is ... It ha

46、s some unique characteristics/practical functions ... I think it will be helpful / beneficial ... It will make people’s life ...,【參考范文】 What will the household robot in the future be like? Here is what I think about it. It will be no longer like a cold machine but like a human being with warm skin

47、 and changeable expressions. Its shape will be flexible. It has lots of practical functions. For instance, it can assist the owner in doing housework, such as cleaning the room,,washing clothes or plates and cooking dinners. It can also work as a tutor or play with children. What’s more, it can sens

48、e the owner’s feelings. When the owner is upset, it can give him fort and advice. When the owner is lonely, it can keep him pany. In a word, the future household robot will make people’s life easier, happier and more colorful.,鞏固練習,根據(jù)句意及所給提示，寫出該單詞的正 確形式（每空一詞）。 1. The tests are supposed to provide

49、a basis for the __________ (評價) of children. 2. There is a strong d______ for peace among the people. 3. She obtained great __________ (滿足) from helping other people. 4. Thanks very much. Ill return the _______ (恩惠) one day.,assessment,desire,satisfaction,favor,5. Snow has p_____ up against the wal

50、ls of the house. 6. Paulas parents ________ (離婚) when she was only a child. 7. Im only a few kilos o________, but I just cant seem to lose them. 8. The president has sent a message of s________ to the relatives of the dead soldiers.,piled,divorced,overweight,sympathy,II.用適當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。 1. Mozarts talen

51、t _______ music showed at an early age. 2. The teacher has absolutely no sympathy _______ students who get caught cheating in exams. 3. I rang the doctor ________ and made an appointment.,for,for,up,4. The pany turned ________ from losses of 1.4 million last year to profits of 26,800. 5. Try to se

52、t ________ some time each day for exercise. 6. Alison and I had been at school together, and I felt great affection ________ her. 7. _______ all, there are over 120 languages spoken in the citys schools.,around,aside,for,In,III. 用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。 Last summer our house was painted by me. The job too

53、k about two weeks. First, the exterior (外部) 1. __________ (wash). Then all the cracks in the walls 2. __________ (seal) with putty (膩子). After the putty had had a chance to dry, the exterior could 3. _________ (paint). I used a kind of paint that is easy to apply and clean up with water.,was washed,

54、were sealed,be painted,A whole week 4. __________ (need) to finish this part of the job. I was very careful to apply the paint evenly because I did not want to have to apply two coats. A color 5. ________ (use) that was very close to the original color. Our house is a two-story house, which meant th

55、at a tall ladder was needed to do the second story.,was needed,was used,The paint can had to 6. ___________ (balance) on the ladder while I worked. When the job 7. ___________ (finish), even my dad said that a good job 8. ______________________ (do).,be balanced,was finished,was done / had been done

56、,Ⅳ. 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 When hearing the word drone, people may think of the pilotless aircraft 1. _______ (use) by the military rather than the small UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) flown 2. _______ fun. The growth of the civilian market in this type of drone has been huge and mill

57、ions 3. ___________ (expect) to be sold in the future.,used,for,are expected,4. ______ is said that the drone industry could create over 100,000 jobs in the EU alone. However, one accident could turn all of that around. Current rules state drones should 5. __________ (operate) in a way that causes n

58、o danger. Controllers must keep their drone in visual contact and not fly near airports or crowds of people without 6. ________________________ (permit). But sometimes drone users dont obey the rules.,It,be operated,permission / being permitted,The number of near misses between passenger aircraft an

59、d drones at UK airports has been increasing 7. ________ (recent). As a result, alarmed pilots have been calling for the development of technology to stop them 8. ________ (fly) in areas where planes operate regularly and several UK panies have answered the call.,recently,flying,A UK designed Anti-UAV Defence System (Auds) 9. _________ looks like a machine gun but fires radio waves is being tested 10. ________ in the US. Its designers have declared that a short blast of energy at a drone from Auds is enough to put it out of action.,that/which,out,