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1、Unit 3 culture I. Teaching aims: 1. to do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc. to practice the students’ spoken skill and communicative skills; 2. to grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them enrich their vocabulary; 3. to dis

2、cuss culture gaps and the ways to bridge cultural gaps; 4. to do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills. II. key points: 1. to learn aspects of cultural misunderstanding; 2. talk ab

3、out the ways to bridge a gap. III. difficult points: 1. to paraphrase some difficult sentences and catch their meaning. 2. to grasp some useful words and phrases to discuss cultural differences. IV. teaching procedures: i. preparation: 1. introduction Culture is a broad term used to d

4、escribe the arts, the belief, the value, the customs, the traditions, the institutions that are considered to be characteristic of a community, a people, a region, or a nation. 2. Different Customs Different countries may have different customs because of different culture. The followi

5、ng will show you some special ways of doing things. Decide whether it is a suitable way or not. Make a judgment! When a prayer is being offered, a guest should just eat and not look at the host. (When a prayer is being offered, keep silent with bowed head.) Stay for four or five hours aft

6、er the meal. (Stay for two or three hours after the meal.) Use one hand whenever possible and keep the other one on the lap. Don’t present an odd number of gifts in China. If you want to leave the table during the meal, just leave. (Say to the host or hostess, “Would you pl

7、ease excuse me for a minute?” ) Don’t hug your friend’s wife even for greeting. (Don’t hug your Chinese friend’s wife even for greeting. It could make the husband unhappy. ) When you receive a gift ,you will unwrap it immediately. (In America, people will do like that, while in China, we

8、 will unwrap it until the giver is gone.) The host and hostess feel they must see a guest off to the farthest feasible point in China. We will ask who will pay for the meal before it. (Americans decide before the meal who will pay for it, but the Chinese will say nothing before the meal, an

9、d after the meal, everybody will volunteer to pay, so there’re usually a lot of expressions of politeness and protests. ) 2. Listen to this article about “Marriage Customs” and try to answer questions. How many Americans get married each year? More than four-million. Where do they usually

10、have a traditional wedding ceremony? In a religious center, a hotel or a social club. If the couple only have a simple wedding ceremony, whom will they invite? They will invite only close family members and friends. What is the special meaning of a wedding? The bride and groom promise

11、 to spend the rest of their lives together. Tapescript: More than four-million Americans get married each year. Some of these people will have a traditional wedding ceremony in a religious center, a hotel or a social club. These couples may invite hundreds of people to their celebrations

12、. Other couples will have a simple ceremony performed by a judge in a public building. They will invite only close family members and friends. They may not have the money to spend on a big wedding. Or they may want to save money for a wedding trip to a faraway place or to help them buy a

13、house. Americans get married in different ways. But the meaning of all these weddings is the same. The bride and groom promise to spend the rest of their lives together. 3. Guessing Work What are their nationalities? 4. Video Clip Enjoy the movie and try to discuss: Do you know Eg

14、ypt? And how much do you know about it? Pyramids are famous all over the world. It is a symbol of ancient culture. Do you know something about it? Talk to your classmates. ii. reading-centered activities 1. background information Today global communications systems and the worldwide distri

15、bution of mass-produced commodities create a kind of global culture. First，I have some questions to ask you．Have you ever been to KFC or MacDonald's？I'm sure you have．Did you enjoy the ham burgers，potato chips or coke there？Or have you ever been to an Italian restaurant to enjoy spaghetti or pizza

16、？Personally，I do enjoy Italian food such as seafood，pizza，spaghetti as well as coffee，one of my favorite drinks．Now，many countries are facing culture shock．So is China． Actually，in China，western food has already become ordinary and popular in recent years．Also，more and more Chinese have started to

17、 enjoy imported fruit，cars and other things after the country became a member of the World Trade Organization．At the same time，more and more challenges and opportunities have come as well as culture shock． 2. words and phrases abrupt: 1) seeming rude and unfriendly 他是一個(gè)舉止粗魯?shù)娜恕? He is a man wit

18、h an abrupt manner. adj. 2) sudden; unexpected The road to the small town was full of abrupt turns. 那條通往那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)的道路有很多急轉(zhuǎn)彎。 The policemen’s abrupt entrance greatly frightened all the gamblers in the room. （警察的突然闖入嚇倒了房間里所有的賭徒。） Give the Chinese of the following phrases. abrupt departure

19、 突然的離去 abrupt attack 突襲 abrupt stop 驟停 abrupt ending 突如其來(lái)的終止 abrupt change 突變 accomplish: v. succeed in doing something The Lenovo Group of China accomplished the purchase of IBM’s personal computer (PC) division in 2005. 在

20、2005年，中國(guó)的聯(lián)想集團(tuán)成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)IBM的個(gè)人電腦業(yè)務(wù)的收購(gòu)。 Resolution and perseverance enable him to accomplish his dream to becomea Formula One racer. 堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和毅力使他實(shí)現(xiàn)了成為F-1車手的夢(mèng)想。 accomplishment: n. something successful or impressive that is achieved after a lot of effort and hard work 中國(guó)宇航員的第一次太空行走是一個(gè)了不起的成就。 Chinese as

21、tronaut’s first spacewalk is a great accomplishment. 詞義辨析：achieve, accomplish 和 attain 這三個(gè)詞都指達(dá)到某種目的或完成任務(wù)。achieve和attain 強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)努力而達(dá)到目的，取得成功或?qū)崿F(xiàn)愿望。achieve 在表示“取得……成績(jī)或成就”時(shí)，常和某些代詞連用。 如果我們努力的話我們就會(huì)取得成功。 We could achieve everything if we works hard. attain 多用作vt. , 用作vi.時(shí), 常與to搭配。 注意：如賓語(yǔ)是power，pro

22、sperity，distinction， knowledge，wisdom等詞時(shí)，用attain或attain to都可以。但賓語(yǔ)是end，object，aim，ideal，aspiration等詞時(shí)只能使用attain，不能用attain to。 accomplish 指成功地完成預(yù)期的目標(biāo)。在表示“取得……成就”時(shí)，也和某些代詞連用。 我們想說(shuō)服他們，但并沒(méi)有成功。 We tried to persuade them but accomplished nothing. 請(qǐng)選擇 “achieve”, “accomplish” 或 “attain”的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. He

23、will never achieve anything if he doesn’t work hard. 2. It took them two years to accomplish that great TV serial. 3. We must try our best to attain this standard. 4. If you don’t rely on the experimental conclusion, you will accomplish nothing. 5. Jack finally attained to the highest office

24、in that company. 6. Did your sister achieve all that she expected to? assure: to inform positively, as to remove doubt: 向…保證：告知確實(shí)如此; to cause to feel sure:使確信： 我可以向你保證《西雅圖不眠夜》這部電影是浪漫的。 I can assure you that the movie Sleepless in Seattle is romantic. I can assure you of the romance of the mo

25、vie Sleepless in Seattle. They assured us that the train would be on time. He assured her of his devotion. assured: adj. sure; confident You may rest assured that our government could effectively put the overheating economy under control. 你盡可以放心，我們的政府能夠有效地控制過(guò)熱增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)。 ensure: 保證，擔(dān)保； insure：

26、給。。。保險(xiǎn) ensure指確保某種行動(dòng)或動(dòng)因的結(jié)果一定會(huì)發(fā)生；assure指以十分肯定的語(yǔ)氣向別人保證，后接抽象名詞時(shí)，assure＝ensure?！氨ｋU(xiǎn)”通常用insure，英式英語(yǔ)用assure作“保險(xiǎn)”時(shí)，也多限于“人壽保險(xiǎn)”常用句型： of your success. assure sb. that you’ll succeed. ensure that…保證。。。；ensure sb. sth. 保證某人得到某東西 insure against:保險(xiǎn) insure one's house against fire 比較

27、 assure，ensure a) The doctor assured him that his child would recover from his illness. b) To ensure the child’s quick recovery, the doctor gave him an injection. 比較 assure, insure a) He insured his house against fire for ten million yuan. b) He insured/ assured himself against death fo

28、r ten million yuan. compliment: [‘k?mplim?nt] n. An expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation.恭維：贊美 good wishes祝愿；致意 They paid him a high compliment. Extend my compliments to your parents. [‘k?mpliment] v. to pay a compliment to.向…道賀 compliment sb. on sth. 老師對(duì)他在課堂上的積極表現(xiàn)給予了表?yè)P(yáng)。 The

29、teacher complimented him for his active performance in class. 女人們總會(huì)高興人們稱贊她們漂亮。 Women are always pleased that people compliment them on their beauty. The chairman complimented the winner on his strong will. David complimented Mary on her new job. n. 1) expression of admiration, approval, etc.

30、, either in words or by action (e.g. by asking somebody for his advice or opinions, or by imitating him) Bob paid me a compliment on my new hair style. 2) (pl.) greetings （多用作復(fù)數(shù)）問(wèn)候；致意；道賀 with the compliments of the season 謹(jǐn)致佳節(jié)祝賀（西方人圣誕、新年互相祝賀用語(yǔ)） complement: something that completes, makes u

31、p a whole, or brings to perfection. 補(bǔ)充物：補(bǔ)充物 Love is the complement of the law. to serve as a complement to:補(bǔ)足： This wine complements the food perfectly. corporation: （有限）公司，團(tuán)體 company Co. corporation Corp. discomfort: uncomfortable misfortune unfortunate dissatisfy unsatisfied

32、/ dissatisfied unable disable uninterested disinterested unused disused farewell: fare之所以表示“車費(fèi)，船費(fèi)”，是因?yàn)閒are原本就是旅行。由于farewell由“Fare well！”（祝一路平安?。┺D(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)，故它又做感嘆詞。 welfare 福利 gap: a space between objects or points空隙，縫隙：a conspicuous difference or imbalance差距，懸殊： a gap between his front t

33、eeth./ the technology gap/ the gap between imports and exports There are wide gaps in my knowledge of history. gracefully: adv. behaving in a polite and pleasant way Aging gracefully, Arnold Schwarzenegger still commanded attention. 多少年過(guò)去了，阿諾·施瓦辛格仍然魅力不減當(dāng)年。 grace: n. quality of being pleasin

34、g, attractive, or beautiful, esp. in structure or movement 楊麗萍小姐是一位動(dòng)作如此優(yōu)雅的舞者。 Ms. Yang Liping is such a graceful dancer. gracious: adj. (of persons and their behavior) pleasant; kind; agreeable It was gracious of you to come. 蒙您光臨，不勝感激。 The host welcomed the guests in his program in a grac

35、ious manner. (態(tài)度親切地) haste: rapidity of action or motion. 急速： in haste: 急速的，匆忙的 In my haste I forgot my coat. Marry in haste and repent at leisure.(諺) 草率結(jié)婚后悔多。 More haste, less speed. 欲速則不達(dá)。 make haste: to move or act swiftly; hurry.快速移動(dòng)或行動(dòng)；急忙 Make haste to come. involve: to contain as a

36、 part; include.含有，包括; to engage as a participant; 使?fàn)可?，卷入? 國(guó)外旅游需要很多費(fèi)用。 Foreign tours involve a lot of expense. This lesson involves a lot of work. 我不想把其他人牽扯到我的麻煩中。 I don't involve other people in my trouble. volv,volu,volut, volt 卷 evolve involve revolve 造反revolution volume involved 作定語(yǔ)前置或后

37、置意義不一樣 the people involved 所涉及的人/ the involved story 復(fù)雜的經(jīng)歷 be/ get involved in 被卷入，使專心于： The young couple were deeply involved in debt. He was involved in reading the book all evening. be/ get involved with 與。。?；煸谝黄?，與。。。密切聯(lián)系 Don’t involve yourself with those people. landing: 樓梯過(guò)渡的平臺(tái) flight一

38、段樓梯 stair樓梯，臺(tái)階 literal: being in accordance with, conforming to, or upholding the exact or primary meaning of a word or words.照字面的：word for word; verbatim:逐字的：Avoiding exaggeration, metaphor 平實(shí)的：避免夸張， a literal translation./ a literal description/ literal meaning literally: He literally flew

39、 into the room.他簡(jiǎn)直飛也似地跑進(jìn)了房間。 mission: a special assignment given to a person or group: 任務(wù)，使命A body of persons sent to conduct negotiations or establish relations with a foreign country. 外交使團(tuán)，代表團(tuán) a trade mission to Japan He was sent to Washington on a diplomatic mission. miss- 放，送 missile dismi

40、ss modest: free from showiness 謙虛的：不炫耀或賣弄的; moderate or limited in size, quantity, or range; not extreme:適度的： She is very modest about the prizes she has won. a modest price; a newspaper with a modest circulation. mod: measure 尺寸 model modify moderate modern modesty modify: vt. 1) make

41、small changes to something, often in order to improve it 修改我們計(jì)劃中的某些目標(biāo)看來(lái)非常必要。 To modify some goals of our plan seems quite necessary. The arrival of Yao Ming and Tracy McGrady has gradually modified the conventional tactics of the Houston Rockets. （逐漸改變了休斯敦火箭隊(duì)的傳統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)術(shù)） 2) make less severe, vio

42、lent, etc. You’d better modify your tone on such a formal occasion. 在那樣一個(gè)正式的場(chǎng)合之下，你最好說(shuō)話文雅一些。 modification: n. modifying or being modified; [C] instance of this; change or alternation The sponsors planned to make modifications in a program of that commercial performance. 主辦方打算變動(dòng)那個(gè)商業(yè)演出中的一個(gè)節(jié)目

43、的內(nèi)容。 polar: of or relating to a pole 極地的：occupying or characterized by opposite extremes:對(duì)立的，相反的 polar bear/ polar personalities pole: be poles apart: as wide as the poles apart 南轅北轍 polarity polarize protest: n. a strong complaint that shows you disagree with, or are angry about something tha

44、t you think is wrong or unfair 人們對(duì)油價(jià)上漲提出抗議。 The people made a protest about the rise in oil prices. 白宮外有人組織了大規(guī)模的抗議集會(huì)。 A large-scale protest strike/rally was organized outside the White House. v. 1) raise an objection, say something. (against) 工人們抗議削減福利。 The workers protested (against) th

45、e reductions in their benefits. That suspect protested against being deprived of the right to meet his relatives. 那個(gè)嫌犯就他的會(huì)見(jiàn)親人的權(quán)利被剝奪一事提出抗議。 slip: v. go or move quickly or quietly 滑 那個(gè)賊悄悄溜走沒(méi)被人看到。 The thief slipped away/out/past without being seen. 歲月在不知不覺(jué)中過(guò)去。 The years slipp

46、ed by. slip into: to (cause to) enter (a place) silently or secretly 我來(lái)晚了，所以我不得不從教室的后面進(jìn)去。 I came late, so I had to slip into the classroom at the back. 我沒(méi)有票，你怎么能讓我進(jìn)體育場(chǎng)呀？ Can you slip me into the stadium without a ticket? signal: an indicator, such as a gesture or colored light,

47、that serves as a means of communication. 信號(hào)：the sound, image, or message transmitted or received in telegraphy, telephony, radio, television, or radar.信號(hào)：由電報(bào)、電話、收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)或雷達(dá)傳播或收到的聲音、影像或信息 sign: something that suggests the presence or existence of a fact, condition, or quality.標(biāo)志; an act or a gesture

48、used to convey an idea, a desire, information, or a command:手勢(shì)： surpass: to be beyond the limit, powers, or capacity of; transcend:超越： sur: 超 surtax， ?surcharge 諸葛亮才智過(guò)人。 ?Zhuge Liang far surpassed others in ability and wisdom. 3. reading questions What are the two parting customs in China men

49、tioned in the article? One custom is that the host and hostess should say to guests words and phrases that will smooth over the visitors’ leaving and make them feel they will be welcome to come again. The other one is that the host and hostess feel they must see a guest off to the farthest point ex

50、cept those less important or young. What are Chinese and American’s responses when they are complimented for cooking skills? A Chinese will appear to be modest and apologize for giving “nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing enough honor by providing proper dishes; an American

51、 is likely to say, “Oh, I’m so glad that you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.” What are Chinese and American parents’ comments when they evaluate their children? Chinese parents will say that their children, even if at the top of their class in school, are always so “naughty”, never

52、 studying, never listening to their elders, and so forth; American parents will straightforwardly speak proudly of their children’s achievements. 4. text structure Topic sentence (para. 1) It’s rather difficult for a foreigner to slip into a culture without all his foreignness exposed.

53、 Supporting evidence Parting customs in China (para. 1-7) Chinese modesty vs. American straightforwardness (para. 8-12) A. At a party when complimented for cooking skills B. When talking about their children C. Hearing the word “no” Conclusion (para. 13): Life becomes much eas

54、ier once you have studied up on cultural differences. 1) Topic sentence (Para. 1): It's rather difficult for a foreigner to slip into a culture without all his foreignness exposed. 2) Supporting evidence: A. Parting customs in China (Para. 1--7) a. one custom: The host an

55、d hostess should say to guests words and phrases that will smooth over the visitors' leaving and make them feel they will be welcome to come again. the author's problem: She constantly found herself tongue-tied. her solution: At first she often hid behind her husband and then she gradually picked

56、 up the words and phrases. b. another custom: The host and hostess feel they must see a guest off to the farthest feasible point except those less important or young. a problem she met with as a guest: She tried to discourage the host and hostess from seeing her off, but failed. h

57、er conclusion: It's better to accept the inevitable. B. Chinese modesty vs. American straightforwardness (Para. 8--12) a. At a party when complimented for cooking skills, a Chinese will appear to be modest and apologize for giving "nothing" even slightly edible and for not showing enough

58、 honor by providing proper dishes; an American is likely to say, "Oh, I'm so glad that you liked it. I cooked it especial you." b. When talking about their children, Chinese parents will say that their children, even if at the top of their class in school, are always so "naughty", nev

59、er studying, never listening to their elders, and so forth; American parents will straightforwardly speak proudly of their children's achievements. c. Hearing the word "no", a Chinese will not take it the first time; an American will take it to mean "no". 3) Conclusion (Para

60、.13): Life becomes much easier once you have studied up on cultural differences. 5. difficult sentences 1) Why is it that when you study a foreign language, you never learn the little phrases that let you slip into a culture without all your foreignness exposed? (L1-2) 在外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，有這么一些簡(jiǎn)單的詞組，一旦掌握，就

61、能讓你不知不覺(jué)地進(jìn)入另一種文化，而絲毫不暴露你作為外國(guó)人的痕跡。但為什么學(xué)不會(huì)？ 整個(gè)句子其實(shí)就是：Why is it? 只是it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是從句that when you study…without all your foreignness exposed。主語(yǔ)從句中又含有兩個(gè)從句，一個(gè)是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when you study a foreign language，一個(gè)是定語(yǔ)從句that let you slip into a culture…, 修飾先行詞the little phrases. “it”是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是“that when you study … y

62、our foreignness exposed”其中又有一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the little phrases。without all your foreignness exposed 是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表伴隨情況，其機(jī)構(gòu)為：with/ without + n./ pron. + v.-ed / v.-ing expose: vt. 1) uncover; leave uncovered or unprotected 暴露；使遭受；使接觸 軍訓(xùn)的時(shí)候我們不得不使自己的皮膚暴露在陽(yáng)光之下。 We had to expose our skin to t

63、he sunlight while military training. As we know, Canadian Mark Rowswell (Da Shan) is a foreigner who has been exposed to Chinese for many years. 如我們所知，加拿大人大山是一位接觸中文多年的外國(guó)人。 2) disclose, make known 揭發(fā)；揭穿 網(wǎng)友們揭露出華南虎照是偽造的。 Netizens exposed the falsification of the photo of South China

64、 tiger. 2) Every Chinese-language textbook starts out with the standard phrase for greeting people; but as an American, I constantly found myself tongue-tied when it came to seeing guests off at the door. 每本漢語(yǔ)課本都是從問(wèn)候語(yǔ)開(kāi)始的。但是作為美國(guó)人，每當(dāng)要我送客出門時(shí)，我總是舌頭打結(jié)。 when it comes to something/ doing sth.

65、當(dāng)說(shuō)到某事/做某事。。。 When it comes to American literature, few people knows more than Sally does. 談到烹飪，我簡(jiǎn)直一竅不通。 When it comes to cooking, I am completely at sea. Certainly when it comes to gathering and handling large database, technology is no longer a problem. 當(dāng)然，說(shuō)到大型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的收集與處理，技術(shù)已不再是問(wèn)

66、題。 3) Every Chinese language textbook starts out with the standard phrase for greeting people; but as an American, I constantly found myself tongue-tied when it came to seeing guests off at the door. 【解析】start out with 以······開(kāi)始。類似的還有：end up with 以······結(jié)束，以······而告終；When it comes/came to...指“當(dāng)涉及到······時(shí)”；see… off 為某人送行 【釋義】Every Chinese textbook teaches the standard greetings firstly, but as an American, I often failed to find proper words to say to my guests when they are leaving. The