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1、 Unit 2 Psychology in Our Daily Life I. Teaching aims: 1. to do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc. to practice the students’ spoken skill and communicative skills; 2. to grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them enrich their vocabulary;

2、 3. to discuss psychology in our daily life 4. to do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills. II. key points: 1. to learn the way to describe one’s attitude towards li

3、fe; 2. talk about your psychology in your daily life III. difficult points: 1. to paraphrase some difficult sentences and catch their meaning. 2. to grasp some useful words and phrases to describe one’s psychology in daily life. IV. teaching procedures: 1. preparation: i. Piggy psychology

4、 Sketching a pig can be a useful analytical tool to explore your psychological state. All you need is a blank piece of paper and a pen or pencil. Now, draw your pig. Interpret your results: … Analysis: Near the top of the paper, you are a positive person. Near the middle, you are a rea

5、list. Near the bottom, you are pessimist. Facing left, you believe in tradition. You are friendly, and you remember dates (birthday, etc) easily. Facing right, you are innovative and active. But you do not have a strong sense of family, nor do you remember dates. Facing forward (looking at you)

6、, you are direct. You enjoy playing devil’s advocate and neither fear nor avoid discussion. Also, the size of the ears indicates how good a listener you are. The bigger the ears, the better the listener. With many details, you are analytical, cautious, and distrustful. With few details, you are emo

7、tional and na?ve. You care little for details and are a risk-taker. With less than four legs showing, you are insecure. You are living through a period of major change. With four legs showing, you are secure, stubborn and stick to your ideals. ii. What is psychology? Psychology, the scienti

8、fic study of behavior and the mind. This definition contains three elements. The first is that psychology is a scientific enterprise that obtains knowledge through systematic and objective methods of observation and experimentation. Second is that psychologists study behavior, which refers to any ac

9、tion or reaction that can be measured or observed—such as the blink of an eye, an increase in heart rate, or the unruly violence that often erupts in a mob. Third is that psychologists study the mind, which refers to both conscious and unconscious mental states. These states cannot actually be seen,

10、 only inferred from observable behavior. iii. Describe the Pictures More Useful Words and Phrases for Your Reference: Picture One: cancer, black cloud, drooping(沮喪的，消沉的), patient, bend forward, dark suit, test report, look sad, suffer from, be in bad mood (情緒不佳) Picture Two: prescribe, lie

11、 in bed, a lot of pills（大量藥丸）, write a will（遺囑）, depressed (抑郁的)， die of，the end of the world（世界末日） Picture Three: sunny, birds singing, trees and flowers upright, make a mistake, can’t believe one’s eyes, look happy Picture Four: shining sun, trees bearing fruits, at a brisk (輕快的) pace, tennis

12、racket, tennis court, energetic, whistle (吹口哨), be in high spirits（情緒高漲） Describe the picture one: The patient is coming out of the hospital, carrying a test report with a word “cancer” in his hands.He has had a series of tests . He looks very sad, feeling the clouds over his head black,

13、the flowers and the trees withering. Describe the picture two: The man put all kinds of medicine his doctor has prescribed on the table beside the bed. He is so depressed that he has written his will which is on the table right now. Lying in bed, he is waiting for his death. Describe pictur

14、e three: The man appears extremely happy, for the doctor has told him that he does not have cancer after all. And the report he is carrying has an “X” through the word “Cancer”. The man now feels the sun is shining, the flowers and the trees dancing and smiling, and the birds joyfully singing.

15、 Describe picture four: The sun is shining, the trees are full of fruit and the hospital and the cancer has disappeared in the man’s life. He takes a racket and heads off to play tennis, whistling and singing. He appears healthy and energetic again. iv. A Story of a Chinese Idiom T

16、he following silent flash movie is about a Chinese idiom. Try to tell the story after seeing the movie. And say what psychological state the story tells us. An Illusory Snake in a Goblet Yue made his friend sit where he used to, pouring a goblet of alcohol for him, and aske

17、d him if there was any snake reflection in the goblet. There was still a “snake reflection” in the goblet! Then Yue casually took away the bow hanging on the wall. This time, the “snake reflection” disappeared. “So it was the bow reflection that was in the goblet!” His friend at once got well from h

18、is illness. “An illusory snake in a goblet” is used to describe the psychological state of being frightened caused by taking illusions as reality. v. The following are some adjectives related to the field of psychology or emotion. Choose a word and write a ONE SENTENCE STORY to describe an ex

19、perience that illustrates the adjectives chosen. Sample: A crazy thing I did was to go swimming, naked, in my neighbor’s pool. The most embarrassing thing I did was to talk about the teacher when she was standing behind me! …… Here are some adjectives for your references, and you can ad

20、d more: shocking, embarrassing, funny, happy,crazy, wonderful, ridiculous, terrible, comfortable, furious, panic, upset, angry, sad, disappointed, etc. 2. listening i. Listening – Psychology of Clothes Identification: Based on what you hear on the tape, match the person in Co

21、lumn I with the way one is dressed in Column II. Column I Column II c 1. A man feeling insecurity a. in warmer clothes d 2. A person of minority origin b. in bright reds a 3. A homesick student

22、 c. over-dressing in warm clothes e 4. A young executive d. unconventionally b 5. A sociable and outgoing person e. in dark blue suit tapescript: “Can you give any other examples of this kind?” “Yes. I think people who are sociable

23、an outgoing tend to dress in an extrovert way, preferring brighter or more dazzling colors – yellows, bright reds, and so on. In the same way, often, minority groups, who have perhaps failed to persuade with words, tend to express themselves by wearing unconventional, or what some might consider out

24、rageous clothing. And that in a recent survey it was suggested that employers prefer young executives to stick to grey, black and dark blue suits if they are men.” 2. Video Clip Discussion Questions: 1) What is the root of the new director (Peck)’s psychological problem? 2) Has this ever happen

25、ed to you that some of your former experiences greatly influence your later behaviors psychologically? 3. reading-centered activities i. open questions: 1) Can you offer the reasons why placebos do not always work? The success of the placebo treatment seems to depend a lot on the relationship be

26、tween the doctor and the patient. If the patient trusts the doctor very much and if the doctor is actually expected to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. 2) What are the bad effects of a placebo? If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will show a bad

27、 reaction to the placebo as well. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind instead of in you body. ii. words and phrases: bleed: to lose blood; to feel sympathetic grief 同情或悲痛： My heart bleeds for the victims of the air crash. My heart bleeds for those

28、 poor children. blood bleed food feed capsule: a small soluble container, usually made of gelatin, that encloses a dose of an oral medicine or a vitamin 膠囊; a space capsule 宇宙飛船座艙: cap-, capt-: take hold 拿，抓 capture, escape, occupation, captive pill 藥丸 tablet 藥片 capsul

29、e 膠囊 heel: to restore to health or soundness; to become whole and sound; return to health: 治愈外傷 (wound, cut, injury, burn, etc.) heal sb. of The wound on my arm has healed. The disagreement among the family members healed over with time. Compare with cure, treat treat: to give medica

30、l aid to (someone) 指接受某人為病人并為其治療。 The doctor treats many patients in the emergency room. cure: to effect a recovery from; to remove 治愈好內(nèi)科疾病。cure sb. of E.g. His cough was nearly cured. heal與whole同源，原義就是使身體“完整無(wú)缺”(whole)，于是又有wholesome＝health。 請(qǐng)選擇 “cure”, “heal”或 “treat”的適當(dāng)形式填空。 Penicillin

31、 cured him of pneumonia (肺炎). The cut in her leg has _____ healed completely, without leaving a scar. She is being treated with a new drug. What can’t be cured must be endured. That wound will soon heal if she keeps it clean. The doc

32、tors wish to treat her illness successfully. Exercises: (1). It will take months for his fractured leg to ___________. A. heal B.recover C.cure D.treat (2). It was long time before the cut on my finger _____completely. A.healed B. improved C.cured D.treated

33、 (3). If I take this medicine twice a day it should _____ my cold. A.heal B.cure C.treat D.recover (4) No doctors could cure the patient ____ his strange disease. A.with B.of C. from D.off The keys to the exercises: (1) A (2) A

34、 (3) B (4)B likely: possessing or displaying the qualities or characteristics that make something probable; apt to achieve success or yield a desired outcome; promising: 有希望的 They are likely to become angry with him. The train is likely to be late. Compare with possible

35、 and probable Possible indicates that something may happen, exist, be true, or be realizable: 可能發(fā)生的，可能存在的 I think it possible that you may be wrong. Probable: likely to happen or to be true: 可能發(fā)生的或成為事實(shí)的： A storm is probable today. It is probable that he has forgotten our appointment.

36、 It is possible but not probable that it will rain before evening. 傍晚前可能下雨，但不見(jiàn)得回家。 It is likely to rain.天像要下雨了。 placebo: 安慰劑（無(wú)藥效，僅為一些自己以為生病的人所開(kāi)） plac = calm sooth安慰，鎮(zhèn)定 placid 平靜的 placatory 安撫的 prescribe: to order a medicine or other treatment; to set down as a rule or guide 指定，規(guī)定

37、 scrib: 描寫(xiě)，記錄 describe inscription manuscript 醫(yī)生止疼片 (painkiller) I have been prescribed some painkillers by the doctor. 老中醫(yī) (senior herbalist doctor) 針灸治療(needle therapy) That senior herbalist doctor prescribed needle therapy for him. prescription: Many medical experts rega

38、rd prescription as a kind of intellectual property that should also be legally protected. 很多醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)家把藥方也看作是一種應(yīng)該受到法律保護(hù)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)品。 那張藥方中包含著幾種名貴的草藥(herbal medicine)。 That prescription contains several kinds of precious herbal medicine. rate: aquantity measured with respect to another measured qu

39、antity: 比率 a proportion: 比例 the mortality rate; a tax rate；interest rate利率；rate of exchange at any rate: whatever the case may be.無(wú)論如何 At any rate I will not give up. at this rate: 照這樣下去 At this rate, the company will suffer great losses. reassurance: n. help or advice that makes y

40、ou feel less worried or frightened about a problem 安慰；保證 她的支持者們給予她的安慰也無(wú)法讓她直面無(wú)緣2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)。 The reassurance from her supporters could not take her out of the fact that she had already lost the opportunity to take part in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. 請(qǐng)選擇 “assure”或 “ensure”的適當(dāng)形式填空。 Before goi

41、ng to bed she assured ______ herself that all the doors and windows were locked. This medicine will ensure you a good night’s sleep. I cannot ensure that he will be there in time. He assured me of his readiness to help. assure 強(qiáng)調(diào)讓某人深信某事，后可

42、接that從句以及of短語(yǔ)。 ensure是“確?！钡囊馑?。同assure 一樣，其后可接that從句。且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 react: To act in response to or under the influence of a stimulus or prompting: 反應(yīng)，作出反應(yīng); 起化學(xué)作用 How did your mother react to the news? She reacted by getting very angry. An acid can react with a base to form a salt. reactio

43、n: a response to a stimulus 反應(yīng) a reverse or opposing action 反動(dòng)：相反的，互逆的行動(dòng) act action react reaction interact interaction relationship: relate relation relative relativity compare with relation: When used of people, suggests a close connection with strong feeling: her relatio

44、nship with her husband. Both relationship and relation can be used of things that depend on each other: the relationship/ relation between temperature and humidity. Relations can be used of a more formal or distant relationship between people and group: the local community has good relations with th

45、e police. relief: the easing of a burden or distress, such as pain, anxiety, or oppression. 減緩：緩解負(fù)擔(dān)或憂(yōu)慮 地震造成的損失很小，這使我們大感寬慰。 To our great relief, the earthquake caused little damage. 聽(tīng)輕音樂(lè)緩解了他在考試前的巨大壓力。 Listening to light music gave relief to his great pressure before the examination. on re

46、lief: receiving public assistance because of need or poverty. 接受公共救濟(jì)的 believe belief relieve relief grieve grief relieve 知道了他在那起嚴(yán)重的車(chē)禍中幸免遇難的真相后讓他的焦急的親人們感到寬慰。 Knowing the truth that he was still alive in that serious road accident relieved his anxious relatives. role: a character

47、or part played by a performer; a function or position play a … role in, 在。。。中發(fā)揮作用，扮演角色play a leading/important/supporting role in seasickness: ～sick暈，想念 seasick airsick carsick homesick lovesick swear: to make a solemn promise發(fā)誓：嚴(yán)肅地許諾 ① swear作發(fā)誓講，常用于短語(yǔ)swear to， 斷言，肯定 I swore to having me

48、t that man somewhere. 我肯定曾在哪兒見(jiàn)過(guò)那人。 swear by 對(duì)······發(fā)誓，swear by God 對(duì)著上帝發(fā)誓 ②swear做咒罵講，常用于短語(yǔ)：swear at sb.咒罵某人 ③swear后面也接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 as a result: as a result of result in: to end in a particular way: 后果，終結(jié) The accident resulted in three people being killed. fool somebod

49、y into doing something In humorous cartoon movie “Tom & Jerry”, the poor cat is always fooled into doing all kinds of stupid things by the clever mouse.（總是受到那只聰明的老鼠的愚弄去做各種蠢事） No one will be fooled into believing that comedian Pan Changjiang can become a NBA player.（沒(méi)有人會(huì)笨到去相信） 類(lèi)似“fool somebody i

50、nto doing something” 的形式短語(yǔ)有: persuade somebody into doing something, dissuade somebody from doing something cheat somebody into doing something, deceive somebody into doing something, frighten somebody into doing something, trick somebody into doing something, trap somebody into

51、 doing something, coax somebody into doing something, shame somebody into doing something, lure somebody into doing something, 等。 e.g. He persuade her into going to the party. He cheated her into believing him a wealthy man. The sound of the door closing deceived me into believing that they

52、 had gone out. He was a bully. He tried to frighten people into doing what he wanted. His family tricked him into going Pakistan, and once he was there, they took away his passport. Were you just trying to trap her into making some admission? After lunch, she watched, listened and coaxed Bob

53、by into talking about himself. The travel brochure lured me into taking a Caribbean vacation. The number of the people out of work has shamed the government into taking action to prevent further job losses. in a way: to a certain extent In 2004, singer Dao Lang’s popularity came out of the blue

54、, which is a normal entertainment phenomenon in a way. 在2004年，歌手刀郎的快速走紅從某種意義上說(shuō)是一種正常的娛樂(lè)現(xiàn)象。 Stephen Chow’s (Zhou Xingchi) silly comedies also contain abundant philosophy in a way . 從某種程度上說(shuō)周星馳的無(wú)厘頭喜劇中也蘊(yùn)含著豐富的哲理。 in the way: in a position to obstruct, hinder, or interfere.處在阻礙、阻擋或干涉的位置上 on one’s wa

55、y: in the process of coming, going, or traveling: 在去。。。的路上 She is on her way out the door. on the way: On the route of a journey:在路上：在旅程的路途中 Winter is on the way. in this way: 這樣 Only in this way can we reach there in time. rest with: lie with 要由她來(lái)做決定。 It r

56、ests with her to decide (The decision rests with her). Whether Chinese homemade movies can win the Oscar or not rests with many factors. 中國(guó)的國(guó)產(chǎn)電影是否能夠贏得奧斯卡取決于很多因素。 The popularity of such online songs as “Mice Love Rice” rests with netizens’ recognition and support. 象《老鼠愛(ài)大米》這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)歌曲的流行取決于網(wǎng)民們(neti

57、zens)的認(rèn)可和支持。 iii. understanding the text 1. Reading comprehension: The organization of the text 1) Introduction (Para. 1-2) The term placebo is introduced to the reader. 2) The study of the placebo ( Para. 3-7) A. One explanation: The placebo works because the human mind fools it

58、self. B. The other explanation: The placebo makes the wish to get better become reality. C. The most powerful placebo of all: The doctor. Supporting evidence: First group (led by a doctor): 70 percent of the people got better. Second group ( led by a nurse): Only 2

59、5 percent of the people got better. 3). Different cases in which a placebo may work. ( Par. 8-9) The placebo has been found to work with seasickness, coughs, colds, and pain after operation. Supporting evidence: The first group were given nothing at all. Result: The firs

60、t group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been. The second group were given a placebo. Result: The second group had much better health and a lower death rate. The third group were given a real drug which was said to be able tohelp with the pro

61、blems of old age. 4) Two opposite attitudes towards the use of placebo. ( Para. 10-11) Some doctors think that if the placebo can have bad effects it would never be used. The use of placebo has been known for hundreds of years in other countries. 5). Conclusion: ( Para.12)

62、: The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. Understanding the style of the text: The text is an exposition. The main purpose of exposition is to explain. The tone of an expository writing is objective, businesslike, matter-of-fact.

63、The attitude of the author is rational. Therefore the author is more formal, more precise and more careful to choose words and grammatical usages that are generally approved. The author often apply logical techniques to explain why a certain phenomenon happens, how an operation works, precisely wha

64、t a word or term means, or why a certain opinion is held. The logical techniques the author are explaining cause-and-effect, making comparisons and contrasts, dividing items into their component parts, supporting a thesis or main idea. There are four kinds of expository writing: Process description

65、,classification, definition, and analysis. The text we are learning is an analytical expository writing. The analytical devices are the following: exploring causes and effects, making comparison and contrast, and using examples or statistics to show relationships or support a statement. Note:Ge

66、nerally, writers place the main idea or thesis of the paper in the opening paragraphs; a discussion of the relationships of parts then follows. And in the closing paragraphs the writers often draw their conclusions. Also, each paragraph is developed around its topic sentence which is usually at the begging of the paragraph, occasionally at the end of it. The topic sentences of each paragraphs: Para. 1: In some cases a doctor may prescribe ( a sick person ) a placebo. Para.2. A placebo is