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1、Unit Seven Music 一、教學目標 1、 語言知識： 詞匯：（理解、運用以下詞匯）accelerate, fatigue, induce, lull, competent, attributable, commit, ensure, at the wheel, slow down, in honor of, 等。 2、 語言技能： 聽：能聽懂語速適中的聽力內(nèi)容， 適應外國人的語音、語調(diào)。 說：能就某一話題表述自己的觀點，能參與小組討論。 讀：能運用閱讀方法閱讀難度適中的英語閱讀材料，提高閱讀效率。 寫：會寫英語應用文。 3、 學習策略：適應大學英語學習，通過小組合

2、作學習，提高學習效果。 4、 情感態(tài)度：參與課堂活動，提高英語學習興趣；培養(yǎng)合作、互助精神。 二、教學重點和難點： 1、重點：1）本單元中出現(xiàn)的一些重點詞匯，如accelerate, fatigue, induce, lull, competent, attributable, at the wheel, slow down, in honor of,等。 2) 學會分析文章的結構，掌握作者的寫作手法，分析句子的結構并掌握一些翻譯技巧。 3）有效、正確使用文章中出現(xiàn)一些關鍵句式、詞匯。 4）掌握一些音樂及樂器相關知識。 2、難點：如何有效運用所學知識、內(nèi)容。 三、教學方

3、法 根據(jù)以學生為中心的主題教學模式以及整體語言教學的理論與實踐，以交際法為主導。學生應以個人學習與小組學習相結合來完成學習任務。 四、教學安排 根據(jù)學生的實際以及英語學習的特點，本單元分為8學時（聽力、口語2課時，閱讀4課時，寫作、小結2課時）。 Period 1 & 2 (Listening and Speaking) I、Contents and objectives 本節(jié)課主要是讓學生通過聽力練習，聽懂語速適中的聽力內(nèi)容以及外國人的語音語調(diào)。聽力材料1）圍繞Music這一主題的一些練習材料；2）一些補充聽力材料。通過練習，學生能運用自己的學習方法，聽

4、懂材料并能完成練習。本單元的口語教學內(nèi)容主要是就音樂這一話題進行討論。 II、Procedures A. Warming up—something about music Music is a universal language. It influences people from all cultures, educational levels, and socioeconomic backgrounds. It relates to our work. 0ur play, and our relationships with one another. It can mak

5、e us dance, it can even help us fall in love. The oldest music is probably vocal music. Almost every culture has work songs, lullabies, love songs, and ballads in its folk music. Singing and dancing have always gone together for people of all ages. Eventually instrumental music emerged. Som

6、e instruments, such as the drum, are very old. Other instruments, such as electronic keyboard, are very new. Even the piano is quite new compared to the flute or the lute. Music can be performed individually or in group. Individual vocalist are called soloist. Groups are called duets, trios, qu

7、artets, choruses, choirs, etc. Instrumental groups are called ensembles, bands, or orchestras. Vocalists can perform with instrumental accompaniment, or they may perform a capella（無器樂伴奏地）. The main components of music are melody, harmony, and rhythm. The melody is sometimes called the tune

8、. It consists of the notes that lead musicians perform in group. Harmony is provided by the supporting musicians, by the extra notes on the keyboard. Rhythm is provided by percussions instruments （打擊樂器), by counting the notes in each measure, or by such simple methods as clapping or tapping one’s fe

9、et. Until the invention of readings, music was usually performed live to small audiences. But now we have tapes and CDs of all sorts, and recorded music is one of the most popular radio formats. With modern technology, live concerts can now be performed with huge audiences in auditoriums and s

10、tadiums. All of these technical innovations have tended to increase the role of music in modern life, and to diversity the nature of music itself. Today we still have opera, classical music and folk music, which are just as influential as ever. Every student of music must be familiar with Bach,

11、 Beethoven and Mozart, while every anthropologist should pay some attention to the folk songs of various cultures. But now we also have Pop music, rock music, country music, soul music, jazz, blues, and many other kinds. Patriotic music, religious music, and military music are just as important as e

12、ver. In addition we now have the movies as a medium for the dissemination of music. Some of the most successful contemporary music, such as the theme song from Titanic, now originates in the movies. Space does not permit the comparison of many cultures. Space does not permit comparison of many c

13、ultures. So let’s look at American music( compare this to Chinese music).The earliest American music was folk music brought by British and European people from their homelands. Work songs, love ballads, and religious songs are several types of folk music from the early period. The love songs are

14、often sad,ending in death for one or both lovers. During and after the Civil War new types of songs became popular, such as solider songs and campfire songs. As settlers move westward they took these songs with them and added new words. In the 1890s ragtime (散拍樂) appeared, and helped create jazz. Th

15、ese are uniquely American type of music. The 1920s were considered the Jazz Age, during which white composers like George Gershwin borrowed themes from black musicians and created a national musical trend. In the 1930s and 1940s the Big Bands played jazz and swing music, and ballroom dancin

16、g became popular. Meanwhile blue songs and spirituals appealed to the less affluent blacks, and radio stations emerged. Live music on the radio was eventually replaced by recorded music, beginning during World War II when the Big Bands were broken up by military service and gasoline shortages.

17、 After the war disk jockeys emerged. Some appealed to whites and featured recordings of the Big Bands or singers like Frank Sinatra. Others appealed to blacks and featured blues and spirituals. In the 1950s disc jockeys discovered a new market: teenagers. For the first time young people had the mone

18、y of their own to spend on the radio, records, and other entertainments. Elvis Presley took some black blues songs he’d heard on the radio, recorded them for whit audiences, and became the first rock star. But the phrase “rock and roll” can be found in earlier black recordings. The 1960s started wi

19、th rock, but soon folk music made a big comeback. Bob Dylan was important in both, and can not be classified as one or the other, popular outside the South, and its popularity is still growing today. But the disco trend of 1970s barely lasted into 1980s. Today’s pop music is a mixture of rock,

20、folk, blues, disco, and country. It’s often hard to say which is which. Mariah Carey sounds a lot like Whitney Houston, though their musical backgrounds are very different. John Denver moved from folk to country, and Bob Dylan has added country and blues to his folk and rock. The Language of Music

21、 A painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long a

22、s arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chordswould be inadequate wi

23、thout controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm-- two entirely different movements. Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spare

24、d this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it’s the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties: the hammers that hit the stings have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping ton

25、e has to sound clear. This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with fanatical but selfless authority. Topic for discussion--How do yo

26、u think of music? Why? B. Speaking 1）Contest--See Who Can Name the Most ①Musical instruments: piano, violin, viola, cello, mouth organ, flute, saxophone, guitar, drum, trumpet, accordion, electronic keyboard, oboe, clarinet, harp. ②Well-known composers: Beethoven, Bach, Mozart, Gershwin, Chop

27、in, Strauss, Brahms, Schubert, Debussy, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Haydn, Liszt, Tschaikovsky, Dvorak, Verdi, Vivaldi. ③Different kinds of music: classical, country, light, jazz, blues, heavy mental, soul, spiritual, rock, pop, folk, rap, ballad, swing, sonata, symphony, patriotic, religious, military

28、. ④Ways that music can be performed: individually(solo), or in groups(duet, trio, quartet, chorus, choir, etc) 2) Talk about the music that you like e.g. I like pop music. It creates a pleasant atmosphere while I am working. When I am tired it relaxes my nerves. When I am unhappy I makes me hap

29、py.And what’s more I can learn English by listening to beautiful songs. 3) Talk about the kind of music you like eases one’s mind, relaxes one’s nerves, happy, pleasant, makes one want to eat/ buy, gives one energy, creates good atmosphere, expresses ourselves, learns some knowledge 4) What do

30、you think are the advantages and disadvantages of listening to music while you are studying? Advantages ease one’s mind relax one’s nerves regulate one’s reading pace create a pleasant atmosphere keep one awake while reading Disadvantages: distract one’s attention dull one’s attention lull

31、 one to sleep affect others adversely make one fed up if the same music is played over and over again C. Listening Listening 1 Different Musical Styles Do you know much about music? Music is often divided into different types. You will hear a tune recorded in five different musical styles. L

32、isten to the recording and match each piece of music to these descriptions by drawing lines between them. Listen and match Number Musical style 1 2 3 4 5 country music Jazz classical rock music heavy metal Listening II Listen and fill in the blanks I can’t remember not singing.

33、 Evidently from the time I could first talk, I started repeating the songs that I heard on the radio. And they called me “jitterbug”(歌迷). As a matter of fact, I think that’s because that was kind of the popular music form at the time. And my grandmother gave me a guitar when I was 12 years old, it w

34、as guitar that she had played in her younger years. Listening III The Beatles ? The Stars of Yesterday “We’ve never seen kids fainting like that at concerts, we’ve never heard screams like that… We knew that there was a problem when they just landed.” “我們從沒在音樂會上見過孩子們那樣地暈倒，從沒有聽過那樣的尖叫……他們才剛到達我們就

35、意識到問題出現(xiàn)了?！? The Beatles, with their music, their beat, and their sense of humor, struck the rock music circle, and the whole world. Do you know much about their music? Their famous “Yesterday”, “Let It Be” and this lovely “Strawberry Fields Forever” will last in our mind. Video clip Music and Lif

36、e Music influences people from all cultures, educational levels, and socioeconomic backgrounds. It relates to our work, our play, and our relationships with one another. It can make us dance, make us happy. Without music, life will loose color. In the movie “the Sound of music”, you will deeply fe

37、el the power and magic of music. Discussion: Do you like this movie? What do you think of the power of music? In your opinion, who is the greatest singer in the world? Why? What are your top five favorite songs? D. Proverbs Music has charms to soothe a savage breast, to soften rocks, or b

38、end a knotted oak. － John Erskine 音樂有魔力去撫慰那兇悍的胸懷，軟化巖石，或者扭折那盤根錯節(jié)的橡樹。 Music washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life. － Auerbachw 音樂可以洗去日常生活中蒙在靈魂上的塵垢。 Music is the medicine of the breaking heart.

39、 － A.Hunt 音樂是醫(yī)治心靈創(chuàng)傷的良藥。 Period 3 ~ 6 (Reading) I、Contents The passage “Music to Your Gears” tells the function of music on drivers while they are driving.. II、Teaching objectives 1、Learn and master the following words and expressions: accelerate, fatigue, induce,

40、 lull, competent, attributable, commit, ensure, qualify, at the wheel, slow down, etc. 2、Learn to analyze the structure of an article and try to master the key points of the material. III、Procedures A. Warming up 1. When and where do you listen to music? 2. What music do you like most

41、listen to? 3. What function does music play in our daily lives? B. Check the assignment given to the students. 1) Discuss the uses of two words: induce and qualify. 2) Ask the students to go over the passage with the following exercises. a. Music may soothe the savage breast and also ___

42、___ when you are driving. Music with strong beat may lead to _______ , i.e., the drivers may make _____ gear changes, accelerate _______ and brake _______. Ye on the other hand, slow music may ____ and even cause them to ____. In other words, it can _____ a change in a person’s bra

43、in pattern, ______ Alpha waves and ______ a feeling of wellbeing. b. According to Dr. Robert West, some music ______ our ability ______, yet carefully selected tracks may ______. c. How does ARIANDNE work? d. We can conclude that: _______. C. Analyze the passage (Ask the s

44、tudents to read the text paragraph by paragraph and then discuss the important/difficult parts together) 1) blast n. a very strong gust of wind or air強風; a sudden loud sound, especially one produced by a stream of forced air巨響; a violent explosion, as of dynamite or a bomb爆炸 an icy blast of

45、 wind; He blew several loud blasts on his whistle. 他響亮地吹了幾聲哨子。 v. to knock down or shatter by or as if by explosion; smash擊毀; to play or sound loudly尖響; To make or open by or as if by explosion炸開 They've blasted away the rock to build the new road. 他們已炸掉這塊巖石以便修一條新的路。 The referees

46、blasted their whistles. 裁判高聲吹哨。 blast off：to take off, as a rocket發(fā)射：發(fā)射 The spaceship blasted off. 宇宙飛船發(fā)射上天了。 at full blast: at full speed, volume, or capacity最大限度 He was working at full blast in order to complete the order before the holidays. 他正在全力以赴地工作，以期在假期前把定單上的事情處理完。 out of blast： 停工，停

47、產(chǎn) 2) brake: a device for slowing or stopping motion, as of a vehicle, especially by contact friction閘; something that slows or stops action制動器; to reduce the speed of with or as if with a brake制動減速： take off the brake 開閘 put on the brake 剎車 3) cease to do sth./ doing sth. 學無止境，即

48、使在我們結束學業(yè)后也是如此。 Education never ceases, even after we leave school.?? 人窮志不窮。 One may be poor but never ceases to be ambitious. At last they ceased working for lack of capital. 他們終于由于缺乏資金而停工了。 4) commission (Line 10, Para. 3) (v.) formally ask someone to do a piece of work 委托; (n.) 1)

49、 委員會，調(diào)查團，考察團; 2) 傭金，回扣; 3) 授權，委托；所授之權， 所托之事 羅文受托將這封信交給加西亞。 Rowan was commissioned to send the message to Garcia. 給總統(tǒng)畫像的事項已經(jīng)委托給了一位著名畫家。 The commission for painting a picture of the President was given to a well-known artist. 他按銷售數(shù)量收取百分之十的傭金，另外還有一份薪水。 He receives a commission of 10

50、per cent on sales, as well as a salary. 最近，一支教育考察團被派往美國考察。 Recently, a commission on education was sent to America. The Federal Trade Commission investigates false advertising. 聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會調(diào)查不實廣告。 Investigation of fraud was their commission. 調(diào)查詐欺舞弊是他們的任務。 She gets 10% commission on hi

51、s sales. 她賣出東西可得10%的傭金。 I have commissioned the bank to pay my taxes. 我授權銀行代我繳稅。 in commission: in active service. Used of a ship服役中,用于船;in use or in usable condition在使用中或在使用條件中 on commission with a sales commission serving as full or partial recompense for the work done委托 He sells boats on c

52、ommission. out of commission not in active service. Used of a ship不在服役中。用于船; not in use or in working condition不在使用或工作條件 5) distract (Line 46, Para. 10) (v.)( + from) draw away sb’s attention from sth. 使分心；注意力分散 (adj.) -ed (with/by) with the mind confused or bewildered 心情紛亂的；困惑的 Place: Teache

53、r’s office Speakers: Teacher (T) and Student (S) with problems in concentration T: Hi, boy, it seems that you are not doing well these days. S: Yeah, I am easy to be distracted from my study. T: There must be reasons. S: You know, I am rather distracted with choices. My family cannot support

54、my future study here… tract = 拉，抽 abstract (adj.) 抽象的 (n.) 摘要 attract (v.) 吸引 contract (n.) 合同 (v.) 簽訂合同 extract (v.) 取出；摘錄 subtract (v.) 減，減去 6) fatal， deadly， mortal， lethal Lethal: adj. (having the power of) causing death 致命的，殺傷性的， （會）致死的 A hammer c

55、an be a lethal weapon. A lethal dose of a drug 藥劑的致死量 ?That cocktail looks fairly lethal! 那雞尾酒看起來濃 度相當高。 These adjectives apply to what causes or is likely to cause death. 這些形容詞指引起或可能引起死亡的。 Fatal describes conditions, circumstances, or events that have caused or are destined inevitably to

56、 cause death or dire consequences: Fatal 描述條件、環(huán)境或事件已引起或注定不可避免地會引起死亡或悲慘的結果： a fatal accident; 致命的事故； a fatal illness. 致命的病癥， “It is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it” (Douglas MacArthur). “不抱贏的希望參加戰(zhàn)爭，那是必死無疑的” （道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟）。 Deadly means capable of killing: Deadly 指殺傷力：

57、 a deadly weapon; 致命的武器； a deadly poison. 致命的毒藥， Mortal describes a condition or action that has produced or is about to produce death: Mortal 描述狀況或行為已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生或?qū)⒁a(chǎn)生死亡： a mortal wound. 致命傷 Lethal refers to a sure agent of death that may have been created solely for the purpose of killing:

58、 Lethal 指確定的死亡原因，有可能是為謀殺而策劃的： execution by lethal injection; 致死性注射的死刑； extremely harmful; devastating: 極其有害的；毀滅性的： accusations lethal to the candidate's image. 對候選人形象極其有害的 7) gear a toothed machine part, such as a wheel or cylinder, that meshes with another toothed part to transmit motion

59、 or to change speed or direction齒輪; equipment, such as tools or clothing, used for a particular activity; paraphernalia 設備：裝備，比如工具或衣服，用于一特殊活動；用具; Clothing and accessories衣服和裝飾品; a transmission configuration for a specific ratio of engine to axle torque in a motor vehicle排擋; to adjust or adapt so as

60、to make suitable調(diào)整; fishing gear/ hunting gear party gear/ the latest gear for teenagers The truck driver changed gear to go up the hill. He adequately geared for the examination. Education should be geared to children's needs. 8) govern (v.) (Line 19, Para. 4) rule (a country,

61、city, etc.) 統(tǒng)治；管理; control or determine 管理；支配 派生詞： government governmental anti-governmental governor 不要被別人的話所左右。 Don’t be governed by what others say. 一位民主的校長管理著這所學校。 The school is governed by a democratic master. 9) hazard (Line 68, Para. 14) (v.) ( + by/for/in/on) t

62、ake the risk of; expose to danger 冒……之險；使遭受危險; (n.) (C) risk; danger 冒險；危險 攀巖者有時會冒著生命的危險在攀巖。 Rock-climbers sometimes hazard their lives. 不要冒著敗壞自己名聲的危險去幫別人在考試中作弊。 Don’t hazard your reputation by helping others cheat in exams. 吸煙是健康上的冒險。 Smoking cigarettes is a health hazard. 比較 danger,

63、risk 和 hazard danger 是最普通用語。泛指面臨的一切危險、危害、威脅。 常見搭配：in danger (在危險中) out of danger (脫離危險) free from danger (沒有危險) risk 指可能發(fā)生但又難以預料的危險，也常用來表示生意活動中可能遇到的風險。 常見搭配：at risk (有危險) at all risk (無論如何) to run/take a risk (冒險) hazard 指由于偶然的情況引起的危險或危害。 請用

64、danger, risk 或 hazard 填空。 He is in danger of losing all his money if he continues to spending money that way. They refused to invest in the textile industry where there was more risk than elsewhere. Exhaust fumes from that plant is a hazard to the surrounding town. 10) induce (v.) (Line 3

65、9, Para. 9) bring about; cause 產(chǎn)生；造成; make someone decide to do something 引誘；誘導 過度地打網(wǎng)絡游戲，使他視力下降。 Overplaying the net games induced his poor eyesight. 廣告勸誘人們?nèi)ベ徺I物品. Advertisements induce people to buy .? 請用形近詞induce, deduce或 reduce填空。 Bitter life has reduce

66、d his mother into a skinny white-haired old woman. （變成） On the basis of evidence the police deduced that he was guilty. （演繹；推斷） Lust (欲望) for money and power induced him to hop to another company. （引誘） Too much food induces sleepiness. 吃得過飽會產(chǎn)生睡意。 11) lull v. To cause to sleep, rest, or become less active -- The movement of the train lulled me to sleep. 他們說服他一切都會好的。 -- They lulled him into thinking everything would turn out all right. n. A short period of reduce