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1、五、推理判斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題,專題三第二節(jié)分類(lèi)突破,,真題感悟,,名師點(diǎn)津,內(nèi)容索引,,隨堂限時(shí)練,真題感悟,(2018浙江，C) As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assembly line(裝配線) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the n

2、ext month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.,Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the motel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represent

3、ed what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system，the largest public works project in history.,In 1928 Herbert Hoover im

4、agined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then，this society has moved onward，never looking back，as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power. The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological d

5、isaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive(過(guò)度的) energy consumption，climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst，but hopes for the best.,語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。其主題是“人與社會(huì)”，介

6、紹了美國(guó)經(jīng)典的“汽車(chē)文化”，它對(duì)美國(guó)各方面的影響是巨大而深遠(yuǎn)的。汽車(chē)給美國(guó)人民帶來(lái)便利的同時(shí)，也帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題，例如能源的過(guò)度消耗、氣候變化以及污染等。素材的選擇旨在向考生傳遞一種科學(xué)的世界觀：看待事物一定要一分為二，分析利弊，趨利避害，利用事物好的方面為人類(lèi)服務(wù)。,Friedman points out that the green economy(經(jīng)濟(jì))is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean wat

7、er，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”,語(yǔ)篇解讀,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture...even the hamburger.”可知，汽車(chē)塑造了某些最持久的美國(guó)文化，其中就包括漢堡。由此可知，汽車(chē)對(duì)于漢堡文化的形成，影響是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及漢堡，就是為了表明汽車(chē)對(duì)于美國(guó)文化有相當(dāng)大的影響。

8、故選B項(xiàng)。,28.Why is hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2? A.To explain Americans love for travelling by car. B.To show the influence of cars on American culture. C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D.To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.,,答案,解析,29.What has the use of car

9、s in America led to? A.Decline of economy. B.Environmental problems. C.A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society.,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知，驅(qū)動(dòng)美國(guó)夢(mèng)的汽車(chē)導(dǎo)致了全球性的生態(tài)災(zāi)難，即汽車(chē)的使用引起了環(huán)境問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)。,,答案,解析,30.What is Friedmans

10、attitude towards Americas future? A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.,解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(經(jīng)濟(jì)) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，F(xiàn)riedman認(rèn)為綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)是使美國(guó)保持實(shí)力的一個(gè)機(jī)遇。由此可知，他對(duì)美國(guó)的未來(lái)充滿了希望。故選C項(xiàng)。,,答案,解析,名師點(diǎn)津,一、題型解讀 所謂作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，就是表達(dá)作者對(duì)某個(gè)話題、行為、事件的看法、感覺(jué)或判斷。作者

11、的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度一般分為三大類(lèi)：支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀；客觀、中立；反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間。因此，在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞或副詞。此類(lèi)試題往往讓考生推斷文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事所持的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或看法，或推斷文中人物的語(yǔ)氣、性格等。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有： 1.Whats the writers attitude towards...? 2.What is the authors opinion on...? 3.What does the author think about...?,二、解題技巧“忠于措辭”定選項(xiàng) 1

12、.文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辭。 (1)正確掌握字里行間所隱含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)。 (2)留意那些描寫(xiě)所處氛圍的語(yǔ)言及表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)或句子。 (3)結(jié)合平時(shí)所積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等的背景知識(shí)來(lái)進(jìn)行合理的推斷。 (4)關(guān)注首段首尾句，推斷文章主題，確定作者觀點(diǎn)。,2.要分清選項(xiàng)中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反對(duì)或否定的詞語(yǔ)，再以此對(duì)照文章內(nèi)容。下面是一些常見(jiàn)的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ)： (1)表示支持或肯定的詞語(yǔ) favorable贊同的，有利的；p

13、ositive積極的，肯定的，確實(shí)的；supportive支持的；approval贊成，正式批準(zhǔn)；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic熱情的等。 (2)表示反對(duì)或否定的詞語(yǔ) critical批評(píng)的；negative否定的，消極的；disapproval不贊成；impractical不實(shí)際的；radical激進(jìn)的；prejudiced有成見(jiàn)的，偏頗的等。,例如：【真題感悟】中第30題，根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(經(jīng)濟(jì)) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，

14、Friedman認(rèn)為綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)是使美國(guó)保持實(shí)力的一個(gè)機(jī)遇。由此可知，他對(duì)美國(guó)的未來(lái)充滿了希望。故選C項(xiàng)。,隨堂限時(shí)練,A (2018和平區(qū)一模) One hundred grandmothers were asked how good manners had changed since they were children，what they expected of their own children when they were growing up and how their grandchildren behave today. Although the grannies were un

15、ited in the belief that good manners cost nothing，they unwillingly came to the conclusion that all the old little courtesies(禮節(jié)) are gradually being erased.Some children are not taught simple good manners by their parents，in the belief that they should be free to express themselves.,Manners at mealt

16、imes revealed the greatest inter-generational difference.While 92 percent of grandparents and 87 percent of their children sat down at the table with all the family to eat at least once a day，nowadays this applies to just 54 percent of children. Traditional family mealtimes have been on a slippery s

17、lope for many years and this survey reveals an apparent corresponding decline in table manners.One grandmother said：“My grandchildren have bad table manners as they havent been taught by their parents.” Only 49 percent of children today have to ask to get down from the table pared with 89 percent of

18、 their grandparents and 80 percent of their parents.Keeping your elbows off the table is almost totally unnecessary，,with just 19 percent of grandchildren still expected to stick to the old rule. However，some parents are still keeping family mealtimes alive，with even the smallest children joining th

19、em at the table in their highchairs whether it is their mealtime or not. Although some little courtesies may no longer be encouraged today，good old fashioned “please” and “thank you” seem to have weathered the storm.Nevertheless，there has been a big downturn in writing thank-you letters，from 86 perc

20、ent of grandparents to just 35 percent of grandchildren putting pen to paper today. A final word from one wise grandmother：“If there werent rules there would be nothing for kids to break，no risk to take，no scars to show for mistakes.Rules let you fly.”,1.Which of the following would some modern pare

21、nts most probably agree with? A.Good manners are very important. B.Kids should show who they truly are. C.It is easy for kids to learn good manners. D.Kids should learn from their grandparents.,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Some children are not taught simple good manners by their parents，in the belief that the

22、y should be free to express themselves.”可知，當(dāng)下一些父母很可能認(rèn)同孩子們應(yīng)該展示他們真實(shí)的一面。,,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第四句“Keeping your elbows off the table is almost totally unnecessary，with just 19 percent of grandchildren still expected to stick to the old rule.”可知，根據(jù)調(diào)查，只有19%的孩子仍希望遵守舊規(guī)則，而剩下81%的孩子把胳膊肘放在桌子上。,2.Accord

23、ing to the survey,81 percent of kids . A.put their elbows on the table B.usually eat in their highchairs C.have meals with all the family D.ask permission to leave the table,,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Nevertheless，there has been a big downturn in writing thank-you letters，from 86 percent

24、 of grandparents to just 35 percent of grandchildren putting pen to paper today.”可知，被要求寫(xiě)感謝信的比例有所下降。故可以推測(cè)出，孩子被鼓勵(lì)口頭表達(dá)謝意。,3.What might many kids be encouraged to do? A.Apologize sincerely face to face. B.Show appreciation by writing letters. C.Talk about the weather with strangers. D.Express thankfulne

25、ss in spoken words.,,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。閱讀全文，根據(jù)文章最后一段“A final word from one wise grandmother：If there werent rules there would be nothing for kids to break，no risk to take，no scars to show for mistakes.Rules let you fly.”可以看出，作者對(duì)于堅(jiān)持傳統(tǒng)的禮節(jié)是支持的。,4.What is the authors attitude towards sticking to t

26、raditional courtesies? A.He is uncertain about it.B.He is mildly critical. C.He approves of it.D.He is strongly against it.,,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析標(biāo)題歸納題。閱讀全文，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，有一百位祖母被問(wèn)到，從她們小時(shí)候至今，禮貌有多大改變，她們對(duì)自己的孩子成長(zhǎng)中的期望以及她們的子孫們今天的行為如何。本文以此展開(kāi)，主要講述了禮節(jié)不只是過(guò)去的事情。,5.Which of the following can be the best title for the t

27、ext? A.How to Express Yourself? B.Change the Unnecessary Rules C.Are Good Manners a Thing of the Past? D.Grandmothers Caring for Grandkids,,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,B Charity Cycling UK recently launched a campaign to raise awareness of dooring after discovering that many people dont know what it is.Dooring

28、is when a driver or passenger opens the door into another road usertypically a cyclistwithout looking for other road users. Cycling UK Chief Executive Paul Tuohy told Gloucestershire Live：“Some people seem to see car dooring as a bit of a joke，but its not and can have serious consequences.Cycling UK

29、 wants to see great awareness made about the dangers of opening your car door negligently，and people to be encouraged to look before they open.”,The charity says 2,009 of the 3,000 injuries were sustained by cyclists，resulting in five fatalities but says this might not be the full extent of the dang

30、er. Cycling UK says not all car dooring incidents will be attended by police，so the charity has written to transport minister Jesse Norman calling for a public awareness campaign urging all car occupants，not just drivers，to look before opening vehicle doors.One of the ways the charity suggests is th

31、e “Dutch reach”，where people leaving a vehicle reach over and use the non-door side hand to open the door.,Cycling UK also suggests harsher laws and advice on safer road positioning for people who cycle. Mr Tuohy said：“In the Netherlands they are known for practising a method，known sometimes as the

32、Dutch reach，which we think could be successfully encouraged in the UK.” “Cycling UK has written to the Department for Transport asking them to look into this，and highlight the dangers of car dooring through a public awareness THINK style campaign.”,If youre really concerned about opening a door into

33、 the path of a cyclist ing behind you，consider using whats known as the Dutch reach to open the door.That will naturally turn you in your seat and give you a much better view of whats ing up alongside the car.,語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了car dooring(因開(kāi)車(chē)門(mén)造成的撞人事故)的危害以及解決問(wèn)題的可行方法。,語(yǔ)篇解讀,解析主旨大意題。通讀文章可知，全文圍繞話題car do

34、oring展開(kāi)，介紹了car dooring的危害以及解決問(wèn)題的方法。所以A正確。,6.What is the text mainly about? A.Car dooring. B.Traffic awareness. C.The “Dutch reach”. D.The charitys campaign.,,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,7.Why does the author mention the figures in Paragraph 3? A.To cause public concern. B.To report the terrible accidents. C.To

35、 show the dangers of car dooring. D.To stress the importance of traffic safety.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“Cycling UK wants to see great awareness made about the dangers of opening your car door negligently...”可知，car dooring有危險(xiǎn)，第三段進(jìn)一步用數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明該問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。所以C項(xiàng)正確。,,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,8.While doing the “Dutch reach”，yo

36、u should . A.sit still in your seat B.open the car door politely C.use the inside hand to open the door D.use the left hand to open the car door,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“where people leaving a vehicle reach over and use the non-door side hand to open the door”可知，應(yīng)該用不靠近車(chē)門(mén)的手開(kāi)門(mén)。故選C。,,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,9.What c

37、an be learned from the text? A.Many people are ignorant of car dooring. B.The “Dutch reach” is well received in England. C.Dooring incidents are all attended by police. D.Drivers are to blame for dooring incidents.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Charity Cycling UK recently launched a campaign to raise awareness of

38、 dooring after discovering that many people dont know what it is...”以及文中多次出現(xiàn)的“public awareness”可知，很多人對(duì)car dooring這個(gè)問(wèn)題重視不夠。,,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,10.Whats the authors attitude towards car dooring? A.Enthusiastic. B.Ridiculous. C.Neutral. D.Concerned.,解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。car dooring導(dǎo)致諸多事故，而人們對(duì)此又了解不多，作者在字里行間表達(dá)了對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的擔(dān)心。故選D。,,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,