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1、 Festivals around the world 詞匯學(xué)案 人教版新課標(biāo) 必修三Unit 1 1.take place / happen / occur / come about / break out take place表示“發(fā)生、舉行、舉辦”，一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”，即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排。 happen作“發(fā)生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件。 occur作“發(fā)生、想到、突然想起”解，其意義相當(dāng)于happen。 come about表示“發(fā)生、產(chǎn)生”，多指事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，但還不知道為什么，常用于疑問句和否定句。 break out

2、意思為“發(fā)生、爆發(fā)”，常指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)難、疾病、火災(zāi)或者爭(zhēng)吵等事件的發(fā)生，也可以表示突然大聲叫喊等。 【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思翻譯或按要求填詞。 1). Great changes have _________ (發(fā)生) in our hometown during the past ten years. 2). _____________________ (我突然想起) I saw him on my way home yesterday. 3). I _________ (碰巧) to see your sister crying on my way to school yesterda

3、y. I was in such a hurry that I had no time to ask what had happened ________ (介詞) her? 4). When the Second World War _________ (爆發(fā)), Tom was only a newborn infant. 5). I’ ll never understand how it _________ (發(fā)生) that you were late three times a week. 6). A big earthquake _________ (發(fā)生) in the

4、south of China last year. 答案：1). taken place 2). It occurred to me that 3). happened; to 4). broke out 5). came about 6). occurred / happened 2. celebrate / congratulate celebrate“慶?！?，后面跟某個(gè)節(jié)日或物。 congratulate“祝賀”，一般搭配為congratulate sb. on (doing)sth.“祝賀某人某事”。 【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)

5、的詞。 1). We all ________ Jessica on her winning the first prize in the writing competition. 2). At Christmas the people in the western countries will ________ the birth of Jesus. 3). Let’s hold a party to ________ your birthday and at the same time ________ you _______ your passing the examina

6、tion. 答案： 1). congratulated 2). celebrate 3). celebrate; congratulate; on 3. gather / collect gather 用途較廣泛，可用于人、物或無形的抽象事物，如人群的集合，食品、財(cái)產(chǎn)、文件、書籍等的收集。強(qiáng)調(diào)將分散的東西收集在一起。 collect 強(qiáng)調(diào)為了研究目的而做的有鑒別、有計(jì)劃的收集，并指為了愛好而做的有條理的安排，對(duì)某些事物進(jìn)行逐漸的收集 這兩詞用不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)用，?？苫Q，都表 “ 聚集；聚攏 ” 。 【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。 1). The dustme

7、n ________ the rubbish once a week. 2). A group of people were ________ at the accident spot. 3). She ________ up her scattered belongings and left. 4). So when did you start ________ antique glass? 答案： 1). collect 2). gathering/(collecting) 3). gathered/collected 4). collecting 4. awar

8、d / reward award ① n.“獎(jiǎng)品”、“獎(jiǎng)金”，指因?yàn)樽鞒鼋艹龀删投塥?jiǎng)win/get/receive an award for sth. ②vt.“授與”、“頒發(fā)”、“判給” award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. reward ①n.“賞金”、“酬金”或一些非金錢的報(bào)酬as a reward ②vt. 表示“報(bào)答”、“酬謝”之意 reward sb. for sth. / reward sb. with sth. 【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。 1). They ________ John the firs

9、t prize in the contest. 2). Is that how you ________ me for my help? 3). The film won an ________ ________ its photography. 答案：1). awarded 2). reward 3). award; for Ⅱ.詞性變化 1. beauty n.美，美麗；美人，美的東西 beautiful adj. 美的，美麗的 beautifully adv.美麗地；優(yōu)美地 beautify v.美化，變美 2. religion n. 宗教,信仰 re

10、ligious adj.宗教的,虔誠(chéng)的 3. satisfy vt. 滿足；使?jié)M意 satisfaction n.滿意 satisfying adj.令人滿意的 satisfied感到滿意的 4. arrive vi. 到達(dá)，到來 arrival n. 到達(dá),到來,到達(dá)者/物 5. depend vi. 依靠,信賴, 決定于 dependent adj.依靠的,依賴的 independent adj.獨(dú)立的,自主的 dependence n.信賴，依賴 independence n.獨(dú)立，自立 6. energy n. 活力，精力， 能源 energetic adj.

11、 精力充沛的，充滿活力的 energetically adv. 精力充沛地，積極地 7. apologize vi. 道歉，認(rèn)錯(cuò) apology n. 道歉，認(rèn)錯(cuò) 8. sad adj. 悲哀的；十分糟糕的，令人傷心遺憾的 sadly adv. 悲哀地；凄慘地 sadness n.悲哀；悲痛；凄慘 【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1). We should respect the ________ (religion) activities of the local people. 2). To the experts’ _________ (satisfy),

12、the sick child had a quick recovery. 3). He is the most _________ (energy) boy I have ever met. 4). Nowadays lots of young people want financial ________ (depend) . 5). Mike was arrested on his ________ (arrive) from New York. 6). You must make an ________ (apologize) to your sister for being s

13、o rude. 7). He expressed his ________ (sad) about what had happened. 8). Their house is ________ (beauty) decorated. 答案： 1). religious 2). satisfaction 3). energetic 4). independence 5). arrival 6). apology 7). sadness 8). beautifully Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)詞匯 1. mean (meant, meant) vt.&vi. 意思是；意味

14、著；打算；預(yù)定 1). The sign means that the road is blocked. 這個(gè)標(biāo)志表示此路不通。 2). What do you mean to do with it? 你打算把它怎樣處理？ 3). I mean you to work as our spokesman. 我想請(qǐng)你當(dāng)我們的代言人。 [重點(diǎn)用法] (sth.) mean doing sth. 意味著… sb) mean to do sth. 打算做… had meant to do sth. 本來打算做某事 be meant for 打算作……用；打算給…

15、 (sth.) be meant to do sth. 被預(yù)定/指定/認(rèn)為做某事 What do／did you mean by...? “你……是什么意思？” [練習(xí)] 按要求填空或翻譯。 1). Can you tell me what this sentence______ (mean)? 2). Your friendship ____ (mean) a great deal ____ (介詞) me. 3). In some parts of London, missing a bus means ______ (wait) for another hour.

16、 4). What did he mean ______ (介詞) saying that remark? 5). I ______ ______ ______ ______（本來打算來）yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 6). 這些房間是打算用作少年活動(dòng)中心的。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1). mean 2). means; to 3). waiting 4). by

17、 5). had meant to come 6).These rooms are meant for the children’s centre. 2. starve vi.&vt. (使)餓死；餓得要死 starvation n.[u] 餓死 1). The enemy is trying to starve us to death. 敵人正在企圖餓死我們。 2). I’ m starving; let’ s have a big dinner. 我餓得要死了，讓我們吃一頓豐盛的晚餐吧。 3). He said he would starve rather

18、 than beg for food. 他說他寧愿挨餓也不要飯吃。 [重點(diǎn)用法] starve to death = die of starvation/hunger餓死 starve sb to death 把某人餓死 starve for sth. = be starved of sth. = hope/long for sth. 希望/渴望得到某物 [練習(xí)] 用starve的短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1). Thousands of people ______ ______ ________ in Africa. 2). These children are

19、________ ________ love. 3). The people on the island _______ _______ _______ fresh water since it hadn’t rained for nearly half a year. Keys: 1). starved to death/died of starvation 2). starving for 3). were starved of 3. belief n. [c,u] 信任；信仰；信心 believe vt.&vi. 相信 1). He has great belief i

20、n his doctor. 他對(duì)那位醫(yī)生無比信賴。 2). She has lost her belief in God. 她已不相信上帝（不相信真有上帝）。 [重點(diǎn)用法] have belief in sth/sb 對(duì)某事物/人的真實(shí)性和正確性所具有的信心 beyond belief 難以置信 in the belief that... 相信 …… It is my belief that... 我相信…… [練習(xí)] 用belief的短語填空。 1). He came to me ________ ________ ________ ________ I c

21、ould help him. 2). ________ ________ ________ ________ that nuclear weapons are immoral. 3). The cruelty of the murders was ________ ________. 答案：1). in the belief that 2). It is my belief 3). beyond belief 4. gain vt. 獲得；得到 n.[c,u] 收獲；獲利 [典例] 該詞有三種含義： 1). 表示經(jīng)過努力一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地獲得自己渴望的東西 He has

22、gained rich experience in these years. 這些年他已獲取了豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 2). 表示速度、重量等慢慢增加 He gained weight after recovery from his illness. 康復(fù)后他的體重增加了。 3).（鐘，表）走快 This clock gains five minutes a day. 這只鐘每天快5分鐘。 [重點(diǎn)用法] gain experience / fame / independence 獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)/名望/獨(dú)立gain sth. from 從……處獲得某物 gain other’ s respect

23、/ love / trust 獲得別人的尊敬/愛戴/信任 No pains, no gains. 一分耕耘,一分收獲。 5. admire vt. 贊美；欽佩； admiration n.[u] 欽佩；羨慕 1). I admire your courage and wisdom. 我欽佩你的勇氣和智慧。 2). I admired the way she had coped with life. 我欽佩她面對(duì)生活的方式。 [重點(diǎn)用法] admire sb. for sth./ doing sth. 在某方面欽佩某人 in admiration贊美地/欽佩地 [練習(xí)]

24、 中譯英。 1). 我們都?xì)J佩他的勇氣和膽識(shí)。 _________________________________________________ 2). 所有認(rèn)識(shí)他的人都羨慕他取得諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。 _________________________________________________ 3). 我欽佩地看著那小女孩彈鋼琴。 _________________________________________________ 答案：1). We all admire him for his courage and bravery. 2). All those w

25、ho knew him admired him for winning the Nobel Prize for chemistry. 3). I watched the girl playing the piano in admiration. 6. permission n.[u] 許可；允許 permit vt.準(zhǔn)許；許可；允許 permit n.許可（證）；執(zhí)照 You have my permission to leave. 我準(zhǔn)你離開。 [重點(diǎn)用法] with/without (one’ s) permission得到允許/未經(jīng)允許 ask sb. for permi

26、ssion 征求某人的許可 give sb. permission to do sth.: permit sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事 have one’ s permission得到某人的同意 [練習(xí)] 完成句子或用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1). They entered the area _______ _______ (未經(jīng)允許). 2). The prison authorities permit _______ (visit) only once a month. 3). We have arranged to play tennis on S

27、aturday, weather _______ (permit). 4). You will need to obtain planning _______ (permit) if you want to extend your house. 答案：1). without permission 2). visiting 3). permitting 4). permission 7. remind vt. 提醒；使想起 1). This story reminds me of my childhood. 這個(gè)故事讓我想起了我的童年。 2). I reminded Ge

28、rald of his promise. 我提醒吉羅德他曾許下的諾言。3). Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐颐魈旖o我母親寫信。 [重點(diǎn)用法] remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人記住某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that... 提醒某人/使某人想起…… [練習(xí)] 中譯英。 1). 這些照片使我想起我的童年。 _______________________

29、__________________________ 2). 請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐乙刻旆嗡帯? _________________________________________________ 答案：1). These photos remind me of my childhood. 2). Please remind me to take my medicine three times a day. Please remind me that I should take my medicine three times a day. 8. forgive (forgave,

30、 forgiven) vt. 原諒；饒恕 1). I’ ll never forgive you! 我永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)饒恕你！ 2). He asked us to forgive him for what he had done wrong. 他請(qǐng)求我們?cè)徦腻e(cuò)誤。 [重點(diǎn)用法] forgive sb. (for) sth. 原諒某人的某事 forgive doing sth. 原諒做某事 [練習(xí)] 完成句子或用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1). I’ ll never ______ ______ ______ ______ (因你所說的話而原諒你) you sa

31、id to me. 2). They ______ (forgive) him for his crimes. 3). Forgive my _______ (interrupt) you. 答案：1). forgive you for what 2). forgave 3). interrupting Ⅳ.重點(diǎn)詞組 1. take place vi. 發(fā)生;舉行 1). The football match will take place tomorrow. 足球賽將在明天舉行。 2). The accident took place/ happened on

32、ly a block from my home. 事故發(fā)生在離我家僅一個(gè)街區(qū)遠(yuǎn)的地方。 [短語歸納] take the place of (動(dòng)詞短語)代替/取代 in place of (介詞短語)代替；交換 take sb’ s place / take the place of sb. 坐某人的座位；代替某人的職務(wù) in the last place 最后 in place 放在原來的位置；適合的，恰當(dāng)?shù)? out of place不在合適的位置；不適當(dāng)?shù)? in the first place (列舉理由)首先,第一點(diǎn) in one’s pl

33、ace 處于某人的位置,為某人設(shè)身處地想一想 [練習(xí)] 用place短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1). A little gratitude would be _______ _______. 2). I’ m at a loss what to do next. What would you do (if you were ) _______ _______ _______? 3). Plastics have _______ _______ _______ _______ many other materials. 4). We use plastics _____ _____ _

34、____ many other materials. 5). While the manager was on holiday, he _____ _____ ____. 答案： 1). in place 2). in my place 3). taken the place of 4). in place of 5). took his/her place 2. in memory of = to the memory of 紀(jì)念；追念 1). Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people. 很多典禮是為了紀(jì)念名

35、人的。 2). The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 這個(gè)雕像是為了紀(jì)念那為有名的科學(xué)家而建立的。 [短語歸納] in + n. + of 短語： in honour of 為了紀(jì)念……；向……表示敬意 in praise of 歌頌 in favor of 贊同, 支持 in charge of 負(fù)責(zé) in need of 需要 in search of 尋找 in possession of 擁有 in place of 代替 [

36、練習(xí)] 用in + n. + of構(gòu)成的詞組填空。 1). A monument was set up ______ ______ ______ the dead soldiers. 2). He founded the charity (興辦那項(xiàng)慈善事業(yè))______ ______ ______his late wife. 3). If you are ______ ______ ______ anything, don’ t hesitate to let me know. 4). In the discussion, I was ______ ______ ______ Mr.

37、Li. 答案：1). in memory/honour of 2). in memory of 3). in need of 4). in favor of 3. dress up 盛裝；打扮；裝飾 1). Don’ t bother to dress up. Come as you are. 用不著穿講究衣服－－就穿平常的衣服來吧。 2). We’re supposed to dress (ourselves) up as movie characters for the party. 我們?cè)谕頃?huì)上要裝扮得像電影中的角色。 [短語歸納] dress短語： dress up

38、for sth. 為某事而盛裝 dress up as sb. 打扮成為某人 be dressed in 穿著(衣服或顏色) dress sb./oneself 給某人或自己穿衣服 [練習(xí)] 用dress構(gòu)成的詞組填空。 1). The boy ______ ______ ______ a short pant. 2). He ______ ______ ______ Christmas Father to amuse the children. 3). The kids are too young to ______ ______

39、, so she has to ______ ______ every morning. 答案：1). was dressed in 2). dressed up as 3). dress themselves; dress them 4. play a trick/tricks on 對(duì)某人搞惡作劇/詐騙/開玩笑；對(duì)某人施計(jì)謀 The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子們老是對(duì)他們的老師搞惡作劇。 [短語歸納] play a joke/jokes on sb. = make fun of sb. 開某人的玩

40、笑 laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 [練習(xí)] 填介詞或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1). He was let in by playing a trick ______ (介詞) the guard. 2). She hated _______ (play) tricks on in public. 答案：1). on 2). being played 5. look forward to 盼望；期待 1). I’m looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation. 我期待暑假見到你。 2). I’ m re

41、ally looking forward to our vacation. 我盼望著假期早日到來。 [短語歸納] 短語中to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞及動(dòng)詞-ing形式： lead to導(dǎo)致；通向 object to反對(duì) refer to查閱；提到 stick to粘??；堅(jiān)持 add to 增加 add up to 總計(jì) compare......to 把……比作 see to 負(fù)責(zé)，處理 get close to接近；差點(diǎn) get down to著手做…… get/be used to 習(xí)慣于 pay attention to 注意…… put

42、 an end to 結(jié)束，停止 admit to 承認(rèn) devote...to 貢獻(xiàn)……給；致力于…… [練習(xí)] 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1). The boy hurried forward ______ (see) the world-famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to ______ (see) it for a long time. 2). The day I had been looking forward to ______ (come). 3). I used to ______

43、 (get) up late, but now I’ m used to ______ (get) up early. 答案：1). to see; seeing 2). came 3). get; getting 6. turn up 出現(xiàn)；到達(dá)；發(fā)現(xiàn)；調(diào)大(音量等) 1). It’ s time for the meeting, but he hasn’ t turned up. 到開會(huì)的時(shí)間了，但他還沒到。 2). Please turn up the radio. I want to listen to the news. 請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)大, 我想聽聽新聞。 [

44、短語歸納] turn 短語： turn on打開(煤氣、自來水、電燈等) turn off 關(guān)上 turn down減弱，降低，拒絕 turn around/about 轉(zhuǎn)過身來 turn away 轉(zhuǎn)過頭 turn out生產(chǎn)，制造；(常與to, that連用)結(jié)果是 turn to sb./sth. (for help) 向……求助，查閱 [練習(xí)] 用turn詞組填空。 1). Don’ t worry. The file is sure to ______ ______. 2). Please ______ the television ______ a

45、 bit, I can’ t hear clearly. 3). It ______ ______ that it was Tim who broke the vase. 4). The sad child ______ ______ his mother for comfort. 答案：1). turn up 2). turn; up 3). turned out 4). turned to 7. keep one’ s word (= keep one’ s promise) 守信用；履行諾言 He never keeps his word. 他從不履行諾言

46、。 [短語歸納] word短語： break one’ s word/promise 違背諾言，失信 Word came that… 有消息傳來說…… leave word 留言，口信 have/say the last word下結(jié)論；說了算 have a word with sb. 和某人說幾句話 have words with sb. 與某人爭(zhēng)吵 take back one’s words 收回自己說過的話 in other words 換句話說，也就是說 in a/one word 總之，簡(jiǎn)言之 in words 用

47、文字 beyond words 無法用語言表達(dá) [練習(xí)] 用word詞組填空。 1). His score was only 53. ______ ______ ______, he failed in the exam. 2). Could I ______ ______ ______ with you, Miss Jones? 3). You’ ll find that she is a girl who always ______ ______ ______. 4). ______ ______ _______, I think he’ s a fool. 答案

48、：1). In other words 2). have a word 3). keeps/breaks her word 4). In a word 8. hold one’ s breath 屏息；屏住氣 1). How long can you hold your breath for? 你能屏住呼吸多久? 2). The audience held its/their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope. 雜技演員走鋼絲時(shí), 觀眾都屏住了呼吸。 [短語歸納] breath短語： (be) out

49、 of/short of breath 呼吸急促；喘不過氣來；上氣不接下氣 catch one’ s breath屏住氣；歇口氣 lose one’ s breath 氣喘噓噓；上氣不接下氣 get one’ s breath 恢復(fù)正常呼吸 waste one’ s breath (on sb/sth)（對(duì)某人/某事物）白費(fèi)唇舌save one’ s breath不必白費(fèi)唇舌 [練習(xí)] 用breath短語填空。 1). He _____ ______ ______ while the results were read out. 2). They won’ t listen

50、, so don’ t ______ ______ ______ telling them. 3). It’ s useless talking to him. You may as well ______ ______ ______. 4). It took us a few minutes to ______ ______ ______ ______after the race. 5). I’ m a bit ______ ______ ______ after my run. 答案：1). held his breath 2). waste your breath

51、3). save your breath 4). get our breath back 5). out of breath 8. set off 出發(fā)；動(dòng)身；使爆炸 1). What time are you planning to set off tomorrow? 你打算明天幾點(diǎn)鐘啟程? 2). The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people. 恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸彈，殺害了六個(gè)人。 [短語歸納] set短語： set off for a place 出發(fā)到某地

52、 set about doing sth開始（某工作）；著手做某事 set out 從某地出發(fā)上路 set out to do sth. 開始做某事 set sth up 擺放或豎起某物；創(chuàng)立，建立 set sth aside 將某事物放在一邊；（為某目的）節(jié)省或保留錢或時(shí)間 [練習(xí)] 用set詞組填空。 1). The new government must ______ ______ finding solutions to the country’ s economic problems. 2). The children ______ ______ th

53、e fireworks in the yard. 3). She ______ ______ a bit of money every month. 4). They _____ ______a statue in honor of the national hero. 5). They’ ve ______ ______ on a journey round the world. 答案： 1). set about 2). set off 3). sets aside 4). set up 5). set off/out 9. as though和as if從句

54、用虛擬語氣, 還是用陳述語氣, 完全根據(jù)具體情況而定。如果從句表示的意思與事實(shí)完全相反, 或者純粹是一種假設(shè), 通常用虛擬語氣。 The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子說話的樣子好象她是個(gè)大人。 [練習(xí)] 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1). The pencil looks as if it _______ (break) with half of it in the glass of water. 2). Li Ming speaks English very well as though he ______ (be) an En

55、glishman. 3). It seems as if our team ______ (be) going to win. 4). He talks about pyramids as though he ______ (see) them himself. 答案： 1). were broken 2). were 3). Is 4). had seen 10 It is/was + adj./n./p.p. + that-clause 結(jié)構(gòu)： It was obvious/clear that …= obviously/ clearly, … “很明顯……，

56、顯而易見……” It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural + that + sb. should do It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder + that + sb. should do It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/… + that … [練習(xí)] 翻譯句子。 1). 真奇怪，這么重要的會(huì)議，他居然缺席。 _________________________________________________ 2). 顯然，你錯(cuò)了。 __

57、_______________________________________________ 3). 他竟然向我們?nèi)龌?，真是可恥。 _________________________________________________ 4). 據(jù)報(bào)道，雙方的會(huì)談?dòng)羞M(jìn)展。 _________________________________________________ 答案：1). It was strange that he should have been absent from such an important meeting. 2). It is obvious that you are wrong. / Obviously, you’ re wrong. 3). It was a shame that he should have lied to us. 4). It is reported that the talks between the two sides are making progress. 9