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1、(精華版)國家開放大學(xué)電大《高級(jí)英語閱讀(1)》《文論專題》網(wǎng)絡(luò)課形考網(wǎng)考作業(yè)(合集)答案 《高級(jí)英語閱讀(1)》網(wǎng)絡(luò)課答案 形考任務(wù)一(70分) Chapter 1 Exercise (分值 7 分) 題目1 I. Vocabulary skills (3 points) Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word on the right with the correct definition on the left. (0. 5 points each) 1. the bus or subway 2. pr

2、oof of completion of courses of students 3. money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans 4. formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study 5. courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places 6. the points or grade a student gets on a te

3、st 答案： 1. the bus dr subway 2. proof of completion of courses of students 3. money for students from scholarships, grants; or loans 4. forma talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study 5. courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places 6. the poi

4、nts or grade a student gets on a test IL Reading Comprehension (4 points) public transportation certificates and decrees = financial aid academic lectures distance learning score Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each ) Experiencing Culture Shock A When E

5、liza James arrived at the University of Xian, she was excited to live in a new country, to improve her Chinese, and to experience a culture so different from her own. But soon her excitement turned to frustration as she encountered one roadblock after another. 〃I felt like I couldn，t accomplish anyt

6、hing. My dorm room had no heat, I couldn，t get into the classes I wanted, and every time I asked someone for help they gave me the runaround. I felt like no one was listening to me. " Eliza met with administrators, sent letters of complaint, and even contacted the consulate in Beijing, but she got

7、nowhere. What Eliza didn，t realize was that her American approach to solving problems was very different from the Chinese one in which patience and negotiation skills are key. She soon learned how to solve problems within the cultural norms of Chinese society instead of forcing her own values onto t

8、hose around her. "I finally feel like I fit in and that I know what I'm doing. In fact, it's really fun being in a place that's so incredibly different from what I am accustomed to." B Yoshi Yamamoto is a junior at a small college outside of Boston. Although he is an honors student now, Yoshi didn，

9、t always have such an easy time studying in America. "Teaching methods are very different here than they are in Japan. It took me a long time to get used to learning in seminars and discussing ideas with my classmates. At first it seemed like I wasn't actually learning anything.z/ Yoshi's reaction w

10、as to totally withdraw: he didn，t participate in class discussion; he spent lots of time alone in his room, and he even skipped class on occasion. 〃I thought I could teach myself. Now I recognize the value of the U.S. academic system, and I am able to adapt it to my own learning style. 〃 C Both Eli

11、za and Yoshi experienced what is called culture shock: psychological disorientation due to living in a new culture. For many international students, studying abroad can offer exposure to new cultures and an opportunity to study new fields and languages. However, it also offers the greater challenge

12、of trying to function in a foreign culture. Studying and reading about a certain culture is poor preparation for the reality of living in it. According to psychological studies, the four stages of culture shock are 1. euphoria, 2. hostility, 3. gradual adjustment, and 4. adaptation. Culture shock c

13、an be manifested in many ways: homesickness, boredom, stereotyping of or hostility towards the host culture, overeating or overdrinking, withdrawal, and inability to work effectively. D Different people experience different levels of culture shock and react in different ways. For example, Eliza got

14、 angry while Yoshi withdrew from society. The most important thing to remember is that culture shock is normal; it is not something to be ashamed of. Luckily, there are some things international students can do to make their adjustment to a new country go more smoothly- For instance, they can stay i

15、n touch with family and friends from home, join international student organizations, meet people from their own countries, and get involved in campus activities. Most importantly, they can adjust to life abroad by keeping a sense of humor and trying to remain positive. Recognizing Paragraph Topics

16、(choose the paragraph letter) 題目2 7. an explanation of culture shock 選擇一項(xiàng)： c. c 題目3 8. ways that students can adjust to living in a new country 選擇一項(xiàng): D. D 題目4 9. the experience of an international student in the United States 選擇一項(xiàng)： B. B 題目5 10. the experience of an international studen

17、t in China 選擇一項(xiàng)： A. A Chapter 2 Exercise (分值 7 分) 題目1 L Vocabulary Skills (2 points) Sometimes examples can explain the meaning of a word or phrase. For example, sun, rain, and wind are examples of kinds of weather. Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word or phrase in the first c

18、olumn with the examples in the second column. (0. 4 points each) 1. kinds of extreme weather 2. Earth' s natural materials and gases 3. diseases or health disorders 4. seasons of the year 5. natural areas or regions of the earth 答案： 1 .kinds of extreme weather blizzards, tornadoas. hurricane

19、s, floods, droughts = 寸 2.Earth's natural materials and gases coal. oil. carbon, dioxide, air. water % / 3 diseases or health disorders stroke, asthma, influenza, pneumonia, headaches # / 4. seasons of the year Winter, spring, summer, fall = v 5 natural areas or regions of the earth oceans,

20、seas, islands, deserts, forests § v IL Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B or C. (1 point each) Seasonal Affective Disorder: More than Just the Blues A Joshua dreads the winter months, not only because of the cold New Engl

21、and weather--the sleet, snow, wind, and rain一一but because as the seasons change from summer to fall to winter, the days get shorter. As the days get shorter, he starts feeling depressed and irritable and spends more and more time at home, eating and sleeping. A graduate student in philosophy, Joshua

22、 finds that he gets little work done during the winter months and has trouble paying attention in class and concentrating on his research. "I soon realized that what I thought was just the 'winter blues， was something more extreme than that. 〃 Josh visited a doctor who diagnosed him with SAD. B Sea

23、sonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a kind of depression that occurs seasonally. It is associated with the long hours of darkness and lack of sunlight during the winter months (people with SAD usually feel worse from December through February). Scientists don't completely understand the exact cause

24、s of SAD, but they believe it is related to a biochemical imbalance in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the basic part of the brain that controls the body's breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release. The effects of SAD include moodiness, irritability, low energy, increased appetite

25、for carbohydrates (foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread), difficulty concentrating, and the tendency to oversleep. C Although doctors described SAD for the first time in 1984, humans have probably dealt with the disorder for thousands of years. It is not a coincidence that many cultures have imp

26、ortant celebrations during the short days of the winter months. Christmas, Hanukkah, and Winter Solstice celebrations all occur in December. These celebrations involve lighting candles in order to bring light, warmth, and happiness to an otherwise depressing time of year. D So what can SAD sufferer

27、s do to feel better? Naturally, they need more light. For people who have mild cases of SAD, exercising in the morning sun could be enough to help them. Phototherapy, or light therapy, is usually prescribed for people who have more serious cases of the disorder. In light therapy, patients sit in fro

28、nt of a light box, a strong artificial light, for up to four hours a day. Phototherapy is effective in over 80% of SAD cases, and patients usually see results within three to four days. Although the symptoms of SAD are similar to those of clinical depression, traditional antidepressants have not pro

29、ven useful in treating SAD. While psychological counseling cannot treat the symptoms of SAD, it is recommended to help SAD sufferers learn to accept and deal with their illness. 題目2 6. Joshua starts feeling depressed and irritable in the winter because 選擇一項(xiàng)： B. he suffers from Seasonal Affecti

30、ve Disorder 題目3 7. Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a condition that researchers believe affects people during the winter months. Scientists believe it is caused by 選擇一項(xiàng)： C. lack of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain 題目4 8. Humans have probably struggled with SAD since

31、 選擇一項(xiàng)： A. ancient times 題目5 9. People who suffer from SAD can to feel better. 選擇一項(xiàng)： A. do light therapy 題目6 10. This passage talks about ? 選擇一項(xiàng)： B. Both A and B. Chapter 3 Exercise (分值 7 分) I. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1

32、 point each ) Fast food can be good food Many people are too busy to prepare and eat three nutritious meals a day. so they turn to the convenience of fast-food restaurants. Many of the items at fast-food restaurants, snack bars, and food stands are fattening and not very nutritious. But fast food

33、doesn' t have to be unhealthy, you can eat at fast-food restaurants and still eat well. Pay Attention to Calories and Fat Content By paying attention to the number of calories and fat that a food item has , you can make smarter choices. Calories are “units for measuring how much energy a food will

34、 produce" . condsider two fast-food meals. A quarter-pound hamburger with cheese, jumbo-size fries,and a 16-ounce soda have a total of 1, 535 calories and 76 grams of fat ? a broiled (cooked under direct heat or over a flame )chicken sandwich , a side salad with low-fat dressing, and a glass of wate

35、r at the same fast-food restaurant have only 422 calories and 7 grams of fat . but maybe you really want a hamburger and fries . well, you can have a small hamburger, a small serving of fries, and a glass of water. At a total of 490 calories and 20 grams of fat, that" s still a much smarter choice t

36、han the large burger , fries, and 20 grams of fat , that' s still a much smarter choice than the large burger, fries, and sada. There" s More That You Can Do There are a few additional things you can do to make sure you eat well in fast food restaurants. First of all, say "no” when the cashier ask

37、s you if you want to "supersize" you meal (order an extra large portion of each item). Second, ask for no mayonnaise or sauce, or ask for it on the side (in a separate dish). Third, substitute (use something instead of something else)healthy foods for fatty ones. For example, instead of ordering dee

38、p-fried tempura, order fresh vegetables. Instead of ordering a beef burrito with lots of cheese and sour cream, order a vegetable burrito with beans and rice, and don' t eat the chips!Another thing you can do is order a side salad or a vegetable soup and eat it first. That way, you will eat some veg

39、etables, and you won' t be able to eat as much of your burger and fries. Fnally, eat slowly and stop eating when you" re full. It sounds simple, but many people keep eating even after they become full. 題目1 1. What is the main idea of this article ? 選擇一項(xiàng)： C. You can eat well in fast-food restaura

40、nt 題目2 2. A small hamburger and small firies has 選擇一項(xiàng)： A. more calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad. 題目3 3. Some things you can do to eat well in fast-food restaurants are 選擇一項(xiàng)： D. order healthy foods instead of fatty ones and drink water. 題目4 4. Manyonnaise and sauces p

41、robably 選擇一項(xiàng)： C- have a lot of fat and calories. 題目5 5. By eating a salad or soup before the rest of your meal, 選擇一項(xiàng)： A. you eat less of the rest of your meal. IL Vocabulary skills (2 points) Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. (0. 4 points each) 題目6

42、 changes damaging losing global available The growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are 6 damaging health in the industrialized island country of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafo

43、od, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products, and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dish full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such 7 changes in eating habits are related to a great increase in h

44、ealth problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes. On the other hand, the changing 8 global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the CzechRepublic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy products financially, so the cost of these foo

45、ds is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely 9 available from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating healthier home-cooked meals. For these reasons, fewer Czech men are having heart attacks, the women

46、are 10 losing a lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives. Chapter 4 Exercise (分值 7 分 I. Vocabulary Skills (2 points) 題目1 Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (0. 4 points each) 1. make sense 2. pedestrians 3. vehicle 4. teenager 5

47、. fine 答案： 1 make sense to be reasonable or necessary A ▼ V 2.pedestrians people trawling on fpot walking ▲ ▼ 3 vehicle something like a car or truck used to transport people A W 4 .teenager a person over 12 and under 20 years old ■ ▼ V 5 .fine money to be paid as a punishment

48、▲ ▼ IL Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each) These days, it' s getting easier and easier to find your way around. Some people have GPS devices in their cars to make sure they don' t get lost. GPS st

49、ands for Global Positioning System. These devices use satellites in space to "see” where you are and give you directions to where you want to go. And if you don' t have a GPS device, you can simply go online to get step-by-step directions. Websites like MapQ and mappoint, msn. com can produce a map

50、and directions in just a few seconds. But how do they do it? MapQuest? uses data (information) from a few different sources to produce directions and maps. Before MapQuest? went online, it sold regular paper maps in places like gas stations. The website uses the data from those paper maps, informat

51、ion from digital mapping companies, and government databases. At the moment, MapQuest? uses more than 30 computers to read all this data and provides users with millions of maps every day. In order to find the best route (way or path) from one place to another, MapQuest? first has to look at all po

52、ssible routes. Then MapQuest? looks at each part of each possible route. It considers the types of roads on the different routes. Are they dirt roads, paved roads, freeways, or city streets? It looks at how many turns there are in each route and what kinds of turns they are. Are they right turns or

53、left turns? It also considers the speed limit on each road and how many intersections there are. An intersection is "a place where two or more roads cross each other” . MapQuest? can also tell you how long your trip will take you. It does this by doing some math. MapQuest? bases its estimated drivi

54、ng times on the length and speed limit of each part of the route and the amount of time it probably takes to get through each intersection. For example, it allows more time for a left turn at an intersection than it does for a right turn. Someday, maybe we will have cars that can just drive us where

55、ver we want to go, but for now, mapping websites make it a little harder to get lost. 題目2 6. What is the main idea of this article? 選擇一項(xiàng)： C- How mapping websites work. 題目3 7. According to the article, MapQuest? 選擇一項(xiàng)： D. starting by selling paper maps. 題目4 8. When you search for directions

56、, the first thing MapQuest? does is 選擇一項(xiàng)： D. look at all possible paths. 題目5 9. When it' s deciding on the best route, MapQuest? probably chooses 選擇一項(xiàng)： C. freeways instead of dirt roads. 題目6 10. To estimate your driving time, MapQuest? considers 選擇一項(xiàng)： D. the speed limits and types of t

57、urns on your route. Chapter 5 Exercise (分值 7 分) I. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Read the five main-idea questions that follow about the information in the reading. Three details correctly answer each question. Cross out the untrue, unrelated detail. (1 point each ) 題目1 1. What are the defi

58、nitions of the two main types of families? 選擇一項(xiàng)： D. The nuclear family is the same as the extended family. 題目2 2. What are the reasons for the changes in the structure of the family? 選擇一項(xiàng)： A. The divorce rate went down and the birthrate began to rise in the early 1900s in the United States. 題

59、目3 3. What happened to families in industrialized countries in the 1930s and 1940s? 選擇一項(xiàng)： A. Before and during World War II, families faced few financial problems and women didn' t have to work away from home< 題目4 4. What changes will happen to family structure during the next decades? 選擇一項(xiàng)：

60、 D. After the war, there were more divorces and fewer stay-home-mothers. 題目5 5. What will families be like in the future? 選擇一項(xiàng)： B. Two-parent family will probably come back and all other family forms will end. IL Vocabulary Skills (2 points) Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with

61、 a word from the box. ( 0. 4 points each) 題目6 living extended category typical believe The Family of the Future Many people today would like the traditional two-parent family back一that is to say, they want a man and a woman to marry for life; they also think the man should sport the family and th

62、e woman should stay home with the children. However, few families now fall into this 6 category In fact, if more women decide to have children on their own, the single-parent household may become more 7 typical than the traditional family in many countries. Also, unmarried couples may decided to hav

63、e more children一or they might take in foster children or adopt. And because people are staying single and 8 living longer (often as widows), there may be more one-person households in the future. On the other hand, some people 9 believe similar events happen again and again in history. If this is tr

64、ue, people may go back to the traditional 10 extended or nuclear family of the past. Others think the only certainty in history is changing: in other words, the structure of the future family could begin to change faster and faster一and in more and more ways. Chapter 6 Exercise (分值 7 分) L Vocabular

65、y skills (2 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (0. 4 points each) 題目1 1. Some examples of the architecture of old Europe are the magnificent cathedrals and castles. The design and building styles of modern architecture are excellent too.

66、What does the noun architecture mean in these sentences? 選擇一項(xiàng)： D. the form and plan of buildings and other structures 題目2 2. Perhaps the real beginning of civilization一with its scientific and technological discoveries and inventions一was in the Middle East and Africa. Over five thousand years ago, those ancient civilizations had astronomy, mathematics, medicine, government, and so on. Which word is a synonym of the word civilization? 選擇一項(xiàng)： C. culture 題目3 3. The cultural legacy of a