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1、關(guān)于2011高考書面表達(dá)的思考,,情景作文,,Controlled writing,（03）（滿分25分）為了響應(yīng)38年前毛主席提出的“向雷鋒同志學(xué)習(xí)”的號(hào)召，配合北京迎“奧運(yùn)”宣傳活動(dòng)，光明中學(xué)組織了一次到某汽車站的學(xué)雷鋒活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下6幅圖畫，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇日記。,記。,（04）（20分）某學(xué)校對(duì)中學(xué)生課余活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，結(jié)果如下。請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖表1提供的信息描述學(xué)生每天的課余活動(dòng)，并針對(duì)圖表2中任何一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中反映的情況寫出你的一個(gè)看法。詞數(shù)不少于60。生詞：圖表chart,情景作文,,Controlled writing,（05）（20分）美國(guó)中學(xué)生Jeff將要來(lái)你所在的紅星中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中文，經(jīng)協(xié)

2、商安排住在你家。假設(shè)你是李華，請(qǐng)給Jeff寫一封信，按照下圖順序介紹他來(lái)中國(guó)后的生活安排。注意：1.信的開(kāi)頭已為你寫好。2.詞數(shù)不少于60。,,,(06) 國(guó)際文化交流中心將組織一次由各國(guó)學(xué)生參加的“和平、友誼”夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)，要求報(bào)名者提交英文個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷。假設(shè)你是王姍，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列信息寫一篇個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷。,,,(07年北京卷）假設(shè)你是李華，要給英國(guó)筆友Harry寫封信，介紹你班兩位同學(xué)競(jìng)選班長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程。請(qǐng)按下圖順序描述。注意：1.信的開(kāi)頭已為你寫好。 2.詞數(shù)不少于60.提示詞：競(jìng)選班長(zhǎng)monitor election,,,（08）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三一班的學(xué)生李華，為?？⒄Z(yǔ)園地寫一篇題為“Our S

3、pring Outing” 的英文稿件。 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，敘述上周你們班從準(zhǔn)備春游到春游結(jié)束的完整過(guò)程。 注意： 詞數(shù)不少于60. 提示詞： 游樂(lè)園 amusement park 垃圾箱 bin,,（09年）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三一班的學(xué)生李華，為響應(yīng)綠化祖國(guó)的號(hào)召，你班四月十二日去郊區(qū)植樹，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，介紹植樹活動(dòng)的全過(guò)程，給某英文雜志的“綠色行動(dòng)”專欄寫一篇以“Green Action in Our Class”為題的英文稿件。 注意：詞數(shù)不少于60 提示詞：郊區(qū) suburbs,08年高考,09年高考,07年高考,05年高考,假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二(1)班的學(xué)生

4、李華，利用上周末的時(shí)間幫助祖父母安排了去北戴河的旅行。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，寫一篇英文周記，敘述你從準(zhǔn)備到送行的全過(guò)程。 注意：1周記的開(kāi)頭已為你寫好。 2詞數(shù)不少于60。,,一、記敘文 （03，05，07，08，09,10） 08年春游；09年植樹; 10年安排旅行） 二、說(shuō)明文（04年圖表說(shuō)明+議論） 三、議論文 （04圖表+ 議論） 四、應(yīng)用文（書信，日記，通知，便條， 講演稿，履歷表 ） （03日記：學(xué)雷鋒 05年書信：Jeff來(lái)中國(guó)的生活安排 06書信：履歷表 07年書信：競(jìng)選班長(zhǎng)）,情景作文訓(xùn)練類型（文體）,2011年的情景作文？,1）分類： 個(gè)人活動(dòng)或集體活動(dòng)； 一天

5、活動(dòng)或一周活動(dòng)； 一次活動(dòng)或多段活動(dòng)； 過(guò)去活動(dòng)、目前活動(dòng)或?qū)?lái)活動(dòng)； 命題活動(dòng)或主題活動(dòng)（“倫敦游學(xué)”）,1、記敘類（四圖/多圖）,2）審題：從兩部分入手。,審文字，確定： 文體： 日記：在正文之前，先依次有日期、星期幾及當(dāng)天的天氣情況 周記：非日記，周末的時(shí)間指周五-周日；或者完整的一周,Saturday ,May 4,2002 Cloudy,,2010年高考 情景作文(20分) 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二(1)班的學(xué)生李華，利用上周末的時(shí)間幫助祖父母安排了去北戴河的旅行。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，寫一篇英文周記，敘述你從準(zhǔn)備到送行的全過(guò)程。,2）審題：從兩部分入手。,話題作文

6、（英文稿件-命題/主題）：注意什么？,語(yǔ)言要求比較正式,,2008高考 情景作文 （20分） 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三一班的學(xué)生李華，為?？⒄Z(yǔ)園地寫一篇題為“Our Spring Outing” 的英文稿件。 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，敘述上周你們班從準(zhǔn)備春游到春游結(jié)束的完整過(guò)程。,2009高考 情景作文 （20分） 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三一班的學(xué)生李華為響應(yīng)綠化祖國(guó)的號(hào)召, 你班四月十二日去郊區(qū)植樹。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序, 介紹植樹活動(dòng)的全過(guò)程, 給某英文雜志的“綠色行動(dòng)”專欄寫一篇以“Green Action in Our Class”為題的英文稿件。,2）審題：從兩部分入手。,書信

7、、郵件、發(fā)言稿： 注意什么？,交際性原則,,書信： I m very delighted to inform you that. I have the pleasure to tell you that .. I look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Please write to me soon and tell me about your life there.,通知： Ladies and gentlemen, Boys and girls. Attention ,please ! May I have your

8、 attention please ? Please be quiet, everyone, there is something I have to tell you. Any questions? Does everyone understand? Thats all .Thank you.,,,人稱： 自己經(jīng)歷：第一人稱 他人經(jīng)歷：第三人稱 時(shí)態(tài)： 敘述經(jīng)歷：一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但可以多樣化 抒發(fā)感受：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí),,,結(jié)構(gòu)：三段式，總-分-總 開(kāi)頭段：點(diǎn)題，交待活動(dòng)的背景包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等(when, where, who ) 主體段：描述活動(dòng)過(guò)程，注意按圖示順序描述，注意分層

9、處理圖片，注意小段落結(jié)構(gòu) 結(jié)尾段：議論，包括結(jié)題，歸納、總結(jié)或思想提升,總-分-總,審圖：確定： a) 要點(diǎn)---必要細(xì)節(jié)---可添加細(xì)節(jié) 注意什么？,,2011年一模情景作文,審圖：確定： b) 結(jié)構(gòu)：詳略得當(dāng)，主次分明，突出主題,倫敦游學(xué),詳寫游學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，學(xué)與游可以 同步進(jìn)行或者分步進(jìn)行,,,,,,,審圖：注意：圖中文字-圖中人物-圖中數(shù)字-圖中圖-圖角標(biāo)示,3）表達(dá)技巧：,例：2010屆二模情景作文 假設(shè)你是某所中學(xué)的學(xué)生，3月22日（世界水日）你參加了你班開(kāi)展的一系列節(jié)水宣傳活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，以日記的形式記錄當(dāng)天的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容。 注意：開(kāi)頭已給出。詞數(shù)不少于60。

10、 提示詞：宣傳材料leaflets; 危機(jī) crisis,細(xì)節(jié)：“集體活動(dòng)”要注意什么？,,社區(qū)節(jié)水方法座談會(huì),,,,,人物： 具有代表性，不能自行命名 符號(hào)：如xxx社區(qū)，xxx可以表達(dá)a neighboring community, 不能直接寫xxx; 人數(shù)：不要具體寫出人數(shù)，許多人參加即行 時(shí)鐘：鐘表上的時(shí)間是具體的，描述也應(yīng)該具體；表達(dá)可以多樣化,,,,“集體活動(dòng)”要注意什么？,分為兩個(gè)階段：準(zhǔn)備階段+活動(dòng)階段,,,注意：圖中文字-圖中人物--圖中圖-圖角標(biāo)示,3）表達(dá)技巧：,例：分步進(jìn)行（P3/P4）： In the coming days, we spent lots of ti

11、me in Westminster College listening to the introductions to colleges in London and attending lectures on the British culture, from which we really gained a lot. After days of study, we were shown around through the city. It was much too impressive to see the River Thames flow past the towering Big B

12、en and the London Eye, where I took countless photos of those famous signts. So if you are interested, come to me after class. By the way, I also bought some souvenirs for you guys.（注意交際性原則）,策略1：添加細(xì)節(jié)需要緊扣主旨，主次分明，相對(duì)集中，分層處理，詳略得當(dāng)。,策略2：過(guò)渡銜接方式可以多樣化表達(dá)。,1）以時(shí)間為主線： On the morning of,Later in the afternoon,T

13、he next day, After a couple of days learning,.On the last day,. 2）以動(dòng)作順序?yàn)橹骶€： On arriving at ., Soon., Later, Finally. 3) 以空間或地點(diǎn)為主線： Our fantastic journey began at Heathrow Airport..., At my home-stay family, In the college, At weekends, we went downtown for sightseeing. On the farewell party in the

14、 college,,一模作文,忌用議論文過(guò)渡語(yǔ)如：last but not least等,P4： 建議： Someone suggested doing.,someone advocated/ proposed/advised/recommended Some ..while others . such as switching off/turning off the tap，watering flowers with used water,策略3：同一說(shuō)法注意用不同方式表達(dá),2010二模P4,關(guān)水龍： turn off switch off the water faucet

15、 fasten the tap keep the tap closed,,,如何達(dá)意？ P4： “用洗菜水澆花” watering flowers with water that washed fruits and vegetables watering flowers with water after having washed fruits and vegetables saving water used to wash fruits and vegetables using water several times to do different things,策略4：不會(huì)的詞匯可

16、以迂回“達(dá)意”,2010二模P4,策略5：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)可用多樣化不同方式進(jìn)行表達(dá)。（非謂語(yǔ)、復(fù)合句、倒裝、虛擬、強(qiáng)調(diào)句等特殊句式）,On arriving at the Heathrow Airport in London, （非謂語(yǔ)）we received a warm welcome from our home-stay family. We were deeply touched by the familys thorough consideration and warm greeting. After we were picked up and brought home by our ho

17、st family, we enjoyed a traditional meal of England that had been well prepared by the family. （復(fù)合句+被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Despite the exhaustion from the long flight, we talked and chatted in high spirits during the meal, excited at all the culture shocks we were experiencing. （介詞狀語(yǔ)+形容詞狀語(yǔ)） The following days we

18、re spent in Westminster College where we learnt its history from the introduction given by the scholars.（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)+復(fù)合句+非謂語(yǔ)） The course we had in the college aroused my interest, broadened my eyesight and greatly improved my spoken English. （did, did and did結(jié)構(gòu)) But the excitement was not finished yet. We

19、spent quite a long time touring around the historic city. The Big Ben and London Eye were only two of the many great places we visited in London. All the way, we followed the tour guide, took pictures of the attractions and learnt their stories from our tour guide. (did, did and did結(jié)構(gòu)) On the last d

20、ay of the trip we threw a Farewell Party, where we and all our home-stay family members gave terrific performances together. (復(fù)合句) The days in London will always be a precious piece of memory in my mind and I hope I have passed my happiness to all of you! Thats all. Thank you!,一模作文,請(qǐng)根據(jù)上述圖片

21、，講述上周班主任（head teacher）生病期間你班同學(xué)的表現(xiàn)，并簡(jiǎn)單談?wù)勀愕母邢搿?內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)及細(xì)節(jié),要點(diǎn)：討論 細(xì)節(jié)： 班長(zhǎng)組織 怎么辦,好好表現(xiàn),2. 要點(diǎn)：表現(xiàn)出色 細(xì)節(jié)： 無(wú)人遲到 認(rèn)真鍛煉,內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)及細(xì)節(jié),3. 要點(diǎn)：課堂表現(xiàn) 細(xì)節(jié)： 認(rèn)真聽(tīng)講，積極回答問(wèn)題 受到任課老師夸獎(jiǎng),4. 要點(diǎn)：籃球比賽 細(xì)節(jié)： 通力合作 贏得比賽,內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)及細(xì)節(jié),5. 要點(diǎn)：值日 細(xì)節(jié)： 認(rèn)真打掃 心情愉快,6. 要點(diǎn)：老師回來(lái) 細(xì)節(jié)： 獲流動(dòng)紅旗 歡迎，給老師獻(xiàn)花 表情：高興,Last week our form teacher was ill. We had a meeting organized

22、 by our monitor and decided to behave ourselves in the week. In the morning no one was late for school and we did morning exercise well. We had good performance in classes and were praised by our teachers. We even won a basketball match against Class 2. Every day we made the classroom very clean. Th

23、is week, when our form teacher came back and saw the flag we won, she was very happy. We felt proud of ourselves.,評(píng)卷給分的細(xì)節(jié)要求,1. 閱卷中不要通過(guò)找單詞去找要點(diǎn)， 一定要從上下文來(lái)找要點(diǎn)。 2. 閱卷重點(diǎn)放在用完整、準(zhǔn)確的句子去表達(dá)思想上，滿篇沒(méi)有正確句 子，一樣打0分。 3. 所有要點(diǎn)齊全的進(jìn)三檔（12分以上），要保證要點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)相互支撐。 4. 少一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的進(jìn)三檔上線（14分），可以視其語(yǔ)言狀況+1或-1分 （說(shuō)明該學(xué)生最高可得15分，最低可得13分）。 5. 少

24、兩個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)三檔下線（12分），可以視其語(yǔ)言狀況+1或-1分（說(shuō)明該 學(xué)生最高可得13分，最低得11分）。 6. 行文中圖的先后順序有誤或人稱錯(cuò)誤的直接進(jìn)四檔（6-11分）。 7. 文章不能以班主任回來(lái)作為結(jié)束，要加上一個(gè)合情合理的結(jié)尾，否則要 在所得分?jǐn)?shù)中扣-1分。 8. 一檔或二檔文的確定要依文章的上下文連貫、緊湊，以及語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量來(lái)決 定。 9. 要點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)可出現(xiàn)在一句話中。 10. 寫落款、題目或稱呼的都忽略不計(jì)，按照正常情況給分。,情景作文,假設(shè)你剛剛參加了一次“倫敦游學(xué)”活動(dòng), 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下五幅圖的先后順序, 寫一篇英文匯報(bào), 在班內(nèi)介紹你們游學(xué)的過(guò)程。 注意：1.匯報(bào)的開(kāi)

25、頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)為你寫好。 2.詞數(shù)不少于60。 3.提示詞語(yǔ)：Big Ben 大本鐘 London Eye倫敦眼摩天輪 home-stay family 住宿家庭,情景作文出現(xiàn)的主要問(wèn)題,1.審題不仔細(xì)，漏掉要點(diǎn)。 2.缺乏細(xì)節(jié)觀念，不能使文章銜接緊密。 3.人稱和時(shí)態(tài)觀念差，文章直接降檔。 4.語(yǔ)言基本功差，漏洞百出。 5.缺乏交際觀念，很難出色地完成寫作任務(wù)。 6. 邏輯不清楚，句子間照應(yīng)不夠。 7. 結(jié)尾感想部分空泛，與前面敘述關(guān)系不大。 海淀一模情景作文樣卷.doc,情景作文,,,假設(shè)你剛剛參加了一次“倫敦游學(xué)”活動(dòng), 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下五幅圖的先后順序,

26、 寫一篇英文匯報(bào), 在班內(nèi)介紹你們游學(xué)的過(guò)程。 注意：1.匯報(bào)的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)為你寫好。 2.詞數(shù)不少于60。 3.提示詞語(yǔ)：Big Ben 大本鐘 London Eye倫敦眼摩天輪 home-stay family 住宿家庭,1）分類： 今昔對(duì)比、 正反觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比、數(shù)據(jù)分析對(duì)比 2）審題： 文體：對(duì)比類記敘文/說(shuō)明文/議論文 時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)；一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 人稱：根據(jù)文字提示而定,2、對(duì)比類,結(jié)構(gòu)：三段式： 今昔對(duì)比：主題句---描述過(guò)去情況---描述現(xiàn)在情況---總結(jié)句 正反觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比：提出問(wèn)題---介紹兩種不同觀點(diǎn)---對(duì)兩種不同觀點(diǎn)

27、的論據(jù)逐項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比---個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)及理由 數(shù)據(jù)分析對(duì)比：提出現(xiàn)象---數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比---得出結(jié)論,2、對(duì)比類,3）表達(dá)技巧： a) 采用何種對(duì)比方式？ b)如何過(guò)渡？ c)語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)？,策略1： (1)集中比較或?qū)Ρ龋姓f(shuō)明一個(gè)對(duì)象的諸種特征） (2)逐條比較或?qū)Ρ龋ㄒ粭l一條地說(shuō)明兩者的異同）,Compared with Different from Unlike; besides on the other hand just on the opposite whats more/worse In short/brief/conclusion,策略2：突出主題句、支持方，層次分明，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔，用詞

28、準(zhǔn)確,usedto,butnow inthepast,butnow once,butnow, Weve had a fierce discussion over whether we should make friends online. Opinions are divided on the question. Opinions on this point differ from person to person. . Every coin has two sides., 76% of the students agree to have a try, while/whereas 24%

29、disagree with the idea. The supporters think . Whats more,. Moreover,. However, those against the idea argue that for the following reasons. Firstly, Secondly,,今昔對(duì)比,觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比,數(shù)據(jù)分析,語(yǔ)言,贊成： agree to/with; be for; support; be in favor of；approve of, 贊成者：supporters/defenders/ boosters/proponents/ those who ar

30、e for/disagree with/disapprove of 反對(duì)： object to; disagree to/ with; be against；be opposed to sth； 反對(duì)者: opponents/objectors/ rejecter/those who are against/disagree with/disapprove of,策略3：同一說(shuō)法注意用不同方式表達(dá)。,3、圖表類,1）分類： 客觀描述類 對(duì)比變化類（描述+議論類圖表） 2）審題： 時(shí)態(tài)：調(diào)查結(jié)果：客觀性描述，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 人稱：描述部分第三人稱；議論部分第一人稱 結(jié)構(gòu)：描述占2/3；議論1/3,圖

31、表作文結(jié)構(gòu),開(kāi)頭段： 開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山：點(diǎn)明圖表所反映的主題。調(diào)查活動(dòng)及內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介 主體段： 描寫數(shù)據(jù)：分類描寫或?qū)Ρ让鑼?，注意層?結(jié)尾段： 根據(jù)其中一個(gè)或兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)談?wù)撟约旱目捶?（議論） 分析趨勢(shì)、原因、影響或結(jié)果,語(yǔ)言,常用詞匯： table, chart, pie/line/bar/graph, figure, describe, tell, show, represent 過(guò)渡句： Its clear from the chart that We can draw the conclusion that We can learn/know 連接詞： 對(duì)比：while, but, however

32、, on the contrary, in contrast to, compareto/with, asas, the same as, similar to, different from 歸納：In conclusionin shortgenerally speakingin generalgenerally on the whole ,上升到： v. increase (to) / rise (to) /climb (to)/go up (to)/ boom (to) go up to/jump to/rocket to; n. an increase (in) /a rise (i

33、n) /an upward trend (in)/ a growth (in) 下降到： v. decline (to)/ decrease (to)/reduce (to)/ go down (to)/ fall (to)/ drop to n. a decline (in)/ a decrease (in)/a reduction (in)/ a fall (in) 穩(wěn)定： v. remain stable (at)/ maintain the same level/ remain steady (at) /stay constant (at) n. no change (in) 波動(dòng)：

34、v. fluctuate (between) n. a fluctuation (in),Next in line is Followed by ,chosen by 30% ...ranks first/second sth. account for Coming to the next Behindis a quarter of half of the majority of the students,數(shù)據(jù)描寫,語(yǔ)言,3）表達(dá)技巧： 如何安排結(jié)構(gòu)？ b. 如何選議論的數(shù)據(jù)？ 如何添加細(xì)節(jié)？,策略1：大總分總，小總分總； 不同觀點(diǎn)分開(kāi)寫，最好分段寫。,策略2：議論數(shù)據(jù)宜選最高點(diǎn)或最低點(diǎn)，能

35、反映出典型問(wèn)題的數(shù)據(jù) 。,描述：不能少一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù) 議論：不能多一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù) 添加細(xì)節(jié)：不宜過(guò)多,,最佳點(diǎn),語(yǔ)文-數(shù)學(xué),語(yǔ)文-英語(yǔ),問(wèn)題成因---看法（必要性-呼吁）,現(xiàn)狀 問(wèn)題 建議,,,2011海淀期末,Ranking first is math, chosen by 54% of the students. Next in line is English, which 18% of the students regard as top priority. Surprisingly, only 7% of the students surveyed show preference for Chin

36、ese homework and those who choose the rest of the subjects like physics, chemistry and biology add up to 21%.,策略3：語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔明了。數(shù)據(jù)不必面面俱到，但要概括出特征，為后文分析原因、揭示規(guī)律、發(fā)表看法做鋪墊。,2011海淀 期末,花時(shí)間干： Sb. spendson sth/doing Sth. takes up; Sb. putinto sth Sb. put indoing sth goes into Sth. occupies Sth. takes possession of S

37、b. distributesto Sb. sparesto do It takes. sb.to do,策略4：同一說(shuō)法注意用不同方式表達(dá)。,最重視： put in the first place rank as the most important think/ hold the view/idea that is the most important regard as the most significant attract the greatest attention of consider (to be) the most important/vital think the most

38、 important,語(yǔ)言技巧,1）分類： 個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷/自薦信； 介紹他人（介紹同學(xué)，朋友，老師，父母，名人等） 2）審題： 文體：記敘文 時(shí)態(tài)：介紹經(jīng)歷：一般過(guò)去時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)； 人稱：第一人稱；第三人稱 要點(diǎn)：分類整理信息 語(yǔ)言：精煉，感人，不拖泥帶水 結(jié)構(gòu)：開(kāi)頭段：主題句 主體段：發(fā)展句 結(jié)尾段：結(jié)論句,4、人物類,3）表達(dá)技巧：,組織要點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵？ b) 組織細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵？,策略1：關(guān)注重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)。人物介紹重點(diǎn)在細(xì)節(jié)的添加；難點(diǎn)在材料的重組。 自然信息（姓名，性別，年齡，年級(jí)） 社會(huì)信息（開(kāi)朗，活潑，精力充沛）,策略2：組織細(xì)節(jié)要突出個(gè)人/他人的優(yōu)勢(shì)（長(zhǎng)處）。 I am quite

39、 independent and it is easy for me to adapt myself to a new environment. All this will enable me to continue my studies in your department without having much trouble with a language barrier.,c) 策略3：同一說(shuō)法注意用不同方式表達(dá) 興趣： My hobby is photography, writing and doing outdoor activities. Im into/Im fond of/I

40、 do well in/I fancy doing Im keen on/Im addicted to I have a great gift/love for I have a strong preference for I am gifted in My interest lies in With great interest in, I I have/show great interest in ,1）分類： 城市介紹；地點(diǎn)、路線介紹 2）審題： 文體：說(shuō)明文 時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 人稱：第三人稱 要點(diǎn)：按文字提示整理信息 結(jié)構(gòu)： 開(kāi)頭段：交待背景，引出所要介紹的地點(diǎn) 主體段：概括要點(diǎn)，按要

41、點(diǎn)順序簡(jiǎn)介地點(diǎn) 結(jié)尾段：首尾呼應(yīng)，提出期待或希望,5、地點(diǎn)方位類,3）表達(dá)技巧？,策略1：語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)練、準(zhǔn)確。 策略2：重點(diǎn)在方位表達(dá)形式的多樣化，難點(diǎn)在對(duì)要點(diǎn)的架構(gòu)和重組 Opposite to sp.. is sp. West of the village is Behind/In front of sp. is sp. 策略3：邏輯要清晰，可以按照地理位置、自然環(huán)境、城市面貌和變化發(fā)展的順序進(jìn)行描述,書面表達(dá)中的高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),一、高級(jí)詞匯,1 think of:2 spend:3 want/look for: 4 very: 5 sit: 6 should:,occur, hit/stri

42、ke, come up with, dawn on,,devoteto, busy/occupy, put in, set aside,seeksought, sought, be after,1 think of: occur, hit, come up with 我突然意識(shí)到有人闖入了我的房間。,- Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. It occurred to me that

43、 someone had broken into my house.,Then wehit on/upon the idea of asking viewers to donate money over the Net.,2 spend: devoteto, busy oneselfHe devotes all his spare time to reading. He busies himself (in) reading in his spare time. (busy oneself with sth.),Reading ______ all his spare time.,occup

44、ies,occupy somebody with (doing) something,He puts in reading during all his spare time. (put something in),His spare time is filled with reading.,4 very: but The film we saw last night was very interesting. The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting. The film we saw last night was anyt

45、hing but boring.,二、 高級(jí)句型結(jié)構(gòu),請(qǐng)舉出你所知道的高級(jí)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：, It句型, It will be + some time + before It wont be long before humans visit the Mars. It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth. It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.,He said since it was a new model in China,

46、 it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.（2008年湖北卷） It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that 1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot. 2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge., 名詞從句 It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the ta

47、pe and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全國(guó)卷 ) My hometown is no longer what it used to be.,（非限制性）定語(yǔ)從句 The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.,The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET 20

48、03), It was quite an experience for us both, which Ill never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷), with結(jié)構(gòu) A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured. He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand

49、.,三、 過(guò)渡關(guān)聯(lián),情景作文的段落1 Opening paragraph 2 Body 避免一幅圖一個(gè)自然段。 3 Ending (記敘文發(fā)表感想請(qǐng)注意：上文寫過(guò)或能推出的感想，而不是突然冒出來(lái)的; 也不是對(duì)前面部分的重復(fù)，而是以不同的表達(dá)對(duì)前面所寫內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提煉、升華。）,,開(kāi)放作文,開(kāi)放作文,Open-ended writing,,（04）開(kāi)放作文（滿分15分） 請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇短文。詞數(shù)不少于50。,Xiao Ming tells you that he had 100 yuan yesterday morning, which he put into the pocket of h

50、is jacket. He spent 40 yuan yesterday afternoon. But now when he reaches into the pocket of his jacket, he finds only 10 yuan. He is wondering what has happened to the rest of the money. As his friend, you suggest to him three or four different possibilities concerning the missing money.,開(kāi)放作文,Open-e

51、nded writing,,(05) In your English class, the teacher showsthis picture of a little boy looking into a mirror, and asks the class to discuss it. Your classmates have different understandings. Look at thepicture carefully and tell the class how you understand the picture.,開(kāi)放作文,Open-ended writing,,,,(

52、06) You and your Australian friend Jim are visiting a city in China where you see the street sculptures as shown below. You and Jim are discussing what the artist is trying to say. Now you are telling Jim how you understand this piece of art and what makes you think so. 提示詞： 雕塑 sculpture 筆記本電腦 lapt

53、op,開(kāi)放作文,,(07)請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇短文。詞數(shù)不少于50. In your English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it.,開(kāi)放作文,Open-ended writing,,(08) 請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇短文。詞數(shù)不少于50。 In an English speech competition, you are asked to describe the following picture and

54、 explain to the judges how you understand it.,開(kāi)放作文,Open-ended writing,,(09) 請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇短文，詞數(shù)不少于50 In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.,,開(kāi)放作文考點(diǎn)和能力要求分析,開(kāi)放作文考點(diǎn)和能力要求分析,開(kāi)放作文試題的要求： 1）文章扣題： 描述是為

55、理解奠定基礎(chǔ)，應(yīng)根據(jù)所要闡明的理解內(nèi)容有的放矢，突出主題；切忌將漫畫中所有看到的內(nèi)容逐一羅列出來(lái)。 2）思維活躍： 試題提供了廣闊的發(fā)散思維空間，有利于考生從不同的、全新的角度看待分析一個(gè)事物或現(xiàn)象。 3）內(nèi)容健康充實(shí)： 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)可用不同方式表達(dá)，但要以樂(lè)觀向上，積極的態(tài)度進(jìn)行表達(dá)。,開(kāi)放作文考點(diǎn)和能力要求分析,開(kāi)放作文試題的要求： 4）邏輯清楚： 完整呈現(xiàn)推理過(guò)程，對(duì)漫畫的描述與個(gè)人理解的表達(dá)相互呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。 5）語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，交際得體： 用詞準(zhǔn)確，表述清晰，有條理，語(yǔ)言流暢。 學(xué)生的表達(dá)語(yǔ)境（英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽、英語(yǔ)課堂發(fā)言等），盡可能口語(yǔ)化。,一、立意與議論 理解圖片（2/

56、3篇幅）：理解時(shí)要有升華，有深度，結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)生活圍繞話題進(jìn)行議論。 1.兩個(gè)物象的立意與議論 圖中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)主要物象時(shí)，描圖和議論時(shí)注意兩者之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系。這是最近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)。 2006年城市雕塑長(zhǎng)衫的老者和時(shí)髦的少女； 2007年大鳥和小鳥； 2008年的鉛筆和圓規(guī)。,例1：2008北京卷 開(kāi)放作文 請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇短文。 詞數(shù)不少于50。 In an English speech competition, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to the judges how you un

57、derstand it. 可接受的觀點(diǎn) 思路1：圓規(guī)驕傲，而鉛筆努力、執(zhí)著。宣揚(yáng)一種奮斗精神。 思路2：圓規(guī)原地徘徊，而鉛筆永往直前。鼓勵(lì)人們?yōu)閷?shí)現(xiàn)人生目標(biāo)而前進(jìn)。 思路3：圓規(guī)可以畫出精彩的圓，鉛筆可以畫出筆直的線。選擇適當(dāng)?shù)墓ぞ咄瓿刹煌哪繕?biāo)。 思路4：圓規(guī)可以畫出精彩的圓，鉛筆可以畫出筆直的線。不同的事物有自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)。號(hào)召人們發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢(shì)，完成目標(biāo)。,,2. 單個(gè)物象的議論 圖中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)物象時(shí)，描圖和議論時(shí)注意抓住漫畫所表達(dá)的引申含義。 例1：北京西城區(qū)2008年高三英語(yǔ)抽樣檢查試題 請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇短文。詞數(shù)不少于50。 In your English class，you

58、are asked to describe this picture of a wooden barrel and explain to your classmates how you understand it 審圖： 1. 一個(gè)由不同長(zhǎng)度木板構(gòu)成的木桶，水從最短板處流出。 2. 結(jié)論：人要全面發(fā)展，個(gè)別缺點(diǎn)會(huì)影響人的成功。 團(tuán)隊(duì)要共同發(fā)展，個(gè)別人落后會(huì)影響整體的進(jìn)步。 文體：議論文 時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 人稱：第一人稱,,Possible ideas 1. What you see at the first glance may limit your thinking. 2. We

59、must look deeper so as not to be cheated by the surface. 3. Everyone can grow old. Treasure your time. 4. Its more than one way to look at something. 5. We should have positive attitude towards failure.,3. 多個(gè)物象的議論 圖中出現(xiàn)多個(gè)物象時(shí)，描圖和議論時(shí)注意抓住漫畫所表達(dá)的主要矛盾，要有的放矢、中心突出。,例：北京市海淀區(qū)2008高三年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí) 請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇短文。詞數(shù)不

60、少于50。 In your English class，you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it 圖片信息： 1. 兩個(gè)孩子望向遠(yuǎn)方的太陽(yáng)---對(duì)未來(lái)的憧憬 2. 孩子面前的彎彎的小路、高山、樹木---通向成功路上 的困難和艱辛 3. 光芒四射、蓬勃而出的朝陽(yáng)---美好的未來(lái)（成功的頂峰） Possible ideas： 1. sunset---forget the past---value the normal daily life

61、; 2. two girls---one brave (success); one afraid (failure) 3. sunset---sad---let it pass---wait for sunrise 4. two girls help each other---friendship help us succeed 5. watch sunrise---get hope/courage,二、描圖 用第三人稱和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)描述圖片內(nèi)容，描圖時(shí)做到內(nèi)容充實(shí)、具體、形象、生動(dòng)。描圖時(shí)不加入個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。 描圖是為下文對(duì)漫畫的理解奠定基礎(chǔ)，要根據(jù)所要闡明的理解內(nèi)容有的放矢、中心突出，而并非

62、僅僅將漫畫中的所有看到的內(nèi)容都逐一羅列出來(lái)。 描圖篇幅一般不超過(guò)1/3。,As can be seen in the picture, some people are standing hand-in-hand, forming the shape of a heart. They are all smiling happily. As can be seen in the picture, a boy with two wings is flying high in the sky, his face shining with a confident smile, while below

63、him there are many people holding up their thumbs or giving signs of victory. In the picture, a boy is trying hard to push forward the hour hand of the clock while an old man is making a great effort to push backward the minute hand of the same clock. Both of them are trying their best, but in the o

64、pposite directions. As can be seen in the picture, a tree is broken by the strong wind, while the grass still stays as it is. Weak and small as the grass is, it can stand the strong wind.,An open-ended composition,Describe a picture,Interpret its implied meaning Point out its implications

65、in our life,Give your own comment,,,,思路的產(chǎn)生： 1、先有樹，還是先有樓？（兩種情形） 2、有用元素：太陽(yáng)、彎曲的樹、樓(很靠近) （the sun, two apartments/ flats/buildings , closely-located, the winding/twisted/curved tree） 3、矛盾點(diǎn)何在？（漫畫、夸張） 4、折射出什么生活現(xiàn)象？,1、讀圖 2、抓主要矛盾 3、聯(lián)系生活 4、升華觀點(diǎn),Read and mark.,2010年1月北京考試院抽樣考試作文,評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)知多少？,北京高考開(kāi)放作文分___個(gè)檔次給

66、分 。評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)文章的_____________ 初步確定其檔次，然后以該檔次的_____來(lái)衡量，確定或_____檔次，最后給分。,4,內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量,要求,調(diào)整,評(píng)分時(shí)應(yīng)考慮：文章是否____，結(jié)構(gòu)是否___內(nèi)容是否____ ____，思維是否____，邏輯是否____，語(yǔ)言是否_____，交際是否____。,扣題,完整，,充實(shí)、健康,活躍,清晰,準(zhǔn)確,得體,第一檔1315分 第二檔 912 分第三檔 48分 第四檔 13分 無(wú)檔 0分,（一）看圖說(shuō)話類 1、現(xiàn)象型 2、抽象型 3、主題型 （二）提綱類（計(jì)劃、建議、可能性等） （三）續(xù)寫類（以故事為主）,分 類,得分點(diǎn)： 文章是否扣題 結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整 內(nèi)容是否充實(shí)、健康 思維是否活躍 邏輯是否清晰 語(yǔ)言是否規(guī)范 交際是否得體,扣分點(diǎn)：？,文體不對(duì) 結(jié)構(gòu)不全 立意跑偏 描議脫節(jié),要求：思維邏輯性與嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,開(kāi)放作文,（一）看圖說(shuō)話類,1、審題 文體：議論文 結(jié)構(gòu)：描圖1/3文字，議圖2/3文字 時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般講來(lái)時(shí)等，忌用過(guò)去時(shí) 人稱：描圖：第三人稱 議圖：聯(lián)系實(shí)際最好用第一人稱,2、寫作指導(dǎo),1）關(guān)鍵詞？,要素-