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1、2013高考英語（閱讀理解）沖刺訓(xùn)練（4） 及答案解析 (第***篇) Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes-khaki pants

2、 and sports shirt-to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear

3、 has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” of “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” sa

4、id business consultant Maisly Jones. Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a

5、software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casua

6、l dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the

7、same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.” 1. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because _______. A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt B. he couldn’t stand a clean appearance C. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time D. he d

8、idn’t want to spend much money on clothes 2. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _______. A. they make him feel at ease when working B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes C. he looks handsome in casual clothes D. he no longer works for any company 3. According to this passa

9、ge, which of the following statements is false? A. Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code. B. Comfortable clothes make employees more productive. C. A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees. D. All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear. 4. According

10、to this passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago. B. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s. C. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers. D. Many workers want to wear c

11、asual clothes to impress people. 5. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned in the passage except _______. A. saving employees’ money B. making employees more attractive C. improving employees’ motivation D. making employees happier 從20世紀(jì)90年代起，美國許多公司

12、開始允許員工星期五可以不統(tǒng)一著裝上班?，F(xiàn)在越來越多的公司許可領(lǐng)員工穿便裝上班了，這對調(diào)節(jié)他們的心情，調(diào)動其工作熱情有一定的作用。 1. C。語義理解題。大衛(wèi)自嘲以前是服裝愛好者，衣服一起皺，他就得換上備穿的服裝。 2. A。語義理解題。從第 1 段最后一句話 “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” 可找到答案。 3. D。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的 Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negat

13、ive impact on productivity 可知還有一些雇主不贊同穿便裝上班。 4. C。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從第 2 段最后 1 句 “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” 可以做出正確判斷。 5. B。推斷題。通讀最后一段可知選項A(為雇員省錢)、B(提高雇員的工作熱情)、D(使雇主高興)在原文中均被提到，只有A未被提到。 **********************************************

14、******************結(jié)束 (第***篇) Mankind is still evolving(進(jìn)化), according to a recent study by a team of scientists led by a Yale University evolutionary biologist. But research suggests that the natural selection process is no longer driven by survival, perhaps because of differences i

15、n women’s fertility(能生育性)． The team examined 2,238 women in Framingham, Massachusetts, the US and studied the medical histories of some 14,000 residents since 1948. They found that strong，slightly fat women tend to have more children. And if this trend were to continue for the next 10 generations,

16、 by 2409 the average woman would be 2 cm shorter,1 kg heavier, and have a healthier heart. That rate of evolution is pretty similar to what we see in plants and animals. Humans_don’_t_seem_to_be_any_exception,_the team said. Other recent genetic research backs up that belief. One study by John Haw

17、ks, an anthropologist at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, found that some 1,800 human gene variations (變異) are common in recent generations because of evolution. Among the changes are mutations (突變) that allow people to digest milk or resist malaria(瘧疾) and others that govern brain developmen

18、t. Since the Industrial Revolution, modern humans have grown taller and stronger. It’ s easy to assume that evolution is making humans fitter. But according to anthropologist Peter McAllister, the contemporary male has evolved physically into “the sorriest example of male ever on the planet”. An av

19、erage Neanderthal woman, McAllister notes, could have beat Arnold Schwarzenegger in an armwrestling (腕力) match. And early Australian Aborigines could easily defeat Usain Bolt in a 100-m dash. However, Douglas Ewbank, of the University of Pennsylvania, says that cultural factors tend to have a much

20、greater impact than natural selection on future generations, so people tend to ignore evolution’ s effects. And, despite evidence indicating evolution still works, Steve Jones, an evolutionary biologist at University College London, thinks that the impact of evolution on humans is not the most impo

21、rtant. “What makes humans what we are is in our minds, in our society, and not in our evolution，” said Jones. [語篇解讀]　科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)人類還在不斷地進(jìn)化，但是他們認(rèn)為自然選擇對人類進(jìn)化的影響已經(jīng)沒那么大了。 1．What does the underlined sentence “Humans don’ t seem to be any exception” imply? A. Plants and animals are evolving faster than humans

22、. B. Evolution doesn’t work in humans any longer. C. The rate of evolution in plants and animals also applies to humans. D. Humans are unique in their evolution. [解析]　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，人類的進(jìn)化速度和動植物的很相似，人類并不例外，由此可判斷動植物的進(jìn)化速度也適用于人類。 [答案]　C 2．Why is the recent genetic research quoted in the fifth par

23、agraph? A. To support the belief that mankind is still evolving. B. To show human gene variations are common in recent generations. C. To prove modern humans have grown fitter. D. To suggest that the natural selection process is no longer driven by survival. [解析]　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的Other recent genet

24、ic research backs up that belief可知最近的其他基因研究也支持“人類還在進(jìn)化”這一觀點(diǎn)，和文章開頭的主題句照應(yīng)。 [答案]　A 3．According to the passage, we can infer that Arnold Schwarzenegger ________. A. used to be a famous actor B. is an American governor C. is very weak D. is very strong [解析]　推理判斷題。第六段中舉施瓦辛格的例子是為了證明在人類越來越健壯的進(jìn)化中，男性成為最

25、令人遺憾的例子。由對施瓦辛格的了解和文段內(nèi)容可判斷阿諾德·施瓦辛格很強(qiáng)壯，力氣很大。 [答案]　D 4．According to Douglas Ewbank, which of the following factors plays a greater part in the future generations? A. Culture. B. Evolution. C. Natural selection. D. Genetic mutations. [解析]　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，在未來的后代中，起更大作用的是文化因素。 [答案]　A 5．Wh

26、at is the main idea of the passage? A. Mankind is still evolving. B. Women will get fatter. C. The history of human evolution. D. Future women tend to have more children. [解析]　主旨大意題。本文第一句就是主題句，后面都是圍繞著“人類還在不斷地進(jìn)化”這一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論述的。 [答案]　A [長難句解讀]　1.Among the changes are mutations(突變)that allow people t

27、o digest milk or resist malaria(瘧疾) and others that govern brain development. 本句主語很長，為了句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡進(jìn)行了倒裝。主句的主語是mutations and others，定語從句that allow people to digest milk or resist malaria修飾mutations，定語從句that govern brain development修飾others。 2．And, despite evidence indicating evolution still works, Stev

28、e Jones, an evolutionary biologist at University College London, thinks that the impact of evolution on humans is not the most important. 本句的主語是Steve Jones, an evolutionary biologist at University College London是Steve Jones的同位語，that引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句。despite evidence為介詞短語作狀語，后面的非謂語動詞短語作evidence的后置定語。 *****************************************************結(jié)束