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1、 專題07 完形填空之夾敘夾議類 【2020年高考命題預測】 縱觀近幾年的高考完形填空的考查走勢,全國I、II、III三套卷中的完形填空中,夾敘夾議類完形填空出現(xiàn)的幾率還是很高的。因此,夾敘夾議類完形填空將繼續(xù)成為高考命題的熱點。傳播正能量的、具有積極意義的夾敘夾議文是命題的主流。預測在2020高考中,夾敘夾議類的完形填空出現(xiàn)的可能性很大。 【考點定位】2020考綱解讀和近三年考點分布 【2020考綱解讀】 英語考試大綱對考生完形填空的能力要求：通篇把握全文,根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系,綜合運用所學語言基礎知識,進行分析﹑推理﹑判斷,把握語篇特征,具有一定的語篇分析理解能力

2、。完形填空檢測考生在閱讀理解的基礎上對英語語言知識綜合運用的能力。 不同體裁、不同主題的文章,其語段就會使用不同的寫作模式。夾敘夾議完形填空的特點是篇幅略長,起點高,容量大,思路跳躍性強。記敘和議論在文中交錯運用。有的是議論引出記敘；有的是在記敘的基礎上發(fā)出議論。夾敘夾議文的主題明確,或告訴讀者一個道理,或引人啟示,或給人樂趣。 近年來,夾敘夾議類文章在高考完形填空中出現(xiàn)的頻率越來越高。此類文章題材較貼近考生生活實際,內(nèi)容積極且有教育意義;結構清晰,脈絡有序;以敘為主,敘議結合,敘述靈活,側重語境。解答夾敘夾議類完形填空題時,思維要靈活,要隨著記敘與議論的轉換,及時調(diào)整思維方式。 高考

3、完形填空的選材多為夾敘夾議的文章。文章較易讀懂,所設選項多為基礎題。每個空都需要考生逾越句子甚至段落,聯(lián)系上下文語境和詞匯的具體意義進行理解和推斷,才能得出正確參考答案。題材廣泛,涉及的內(nèi)容豐富,重點考查實詞,兼顧虛詞。 夾敘夾議完形填空多知識性強,趣味性濃厚。根據(jù)今年的高考英語完形填空的命題特點,預測2020年的完形填空題所選材料將更加貼近考生生活實際,內(nèi)容更加積極、時尚,融知識性、教育性和趣味性為一體。選用材料的難度仍將保持適中,英語語言難度略低于同等水平要求的閱讀理解試題,但會更加強調(diào)語篇分析和理解的連貫性。 【2016-2019年新課標卷高考英語完形填空試題分析】： 年份

4、試卷類型 體裁 詞數(shù) 話題 考點分布 2019年 新課標卷I 夾敘夾議文 258 乞力馬扎羅山因登山者活動而造成的環(huán)境污染及努力治理之后環(huán)境的改觀。 動詞6 動詞短語2 名詞7形容詞4 副詞1 新課標卷II 記敘文 271 Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丟失的小狗,最終幫它找到了主人 動詞9 動詞短語1 名詞5 形容詞3 副詞2 新課標卷III 說明文 247 北歐一個小鎮(zhèn)長達半年沒有陽光照射,為此在附近的山頂安裝了一套鏡子設備把陽光反射到小鎮(zhèn)的廣場。 動詞8 名詞5 形容詞5 副詞2 2018年 新課標卷I 夾敘夾議文 27

5、1 講述了我在大二學的免費課程下棋及對我生活的指導意義 動詞9 名詞7 形容詞3 副詞1 新課標卷II 記敘文 277 講述了作者13年后和兒子見面的情景 動詞9 名詞3 形容詞5 副詞2 介詞1 新課標卷III 記敘文 271 Dennis Williams認真對待陌生人的信息,使陌生人倍受感動的故事 動詞10 名詞6 形容詞4 2017年 新課標卷I 記敘文 251 學習美式手語的經(jīng)歷和感受 名詞5 動詞10 形容詞4副詞1 新課標卷II 記敘文 266 作者自己的學生Feddy的性格特征及多年后的生活、工作狀況 名詞8

6、動詞9 形容詞3 新課標卷III 記敘文 271 一個加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后,希望免費贈送自己為女朋友購買的環(huán)球航空旅行機票的故事,體現(xiàn)了年輕人無私的精神 名詞：7個 動詞：9個 形容詞：4個 2016年 新課標卷I 記敘文 253 講述了司機Larry在路上遇到著火的汽車,積極救人的故事。 動詞7 名詞 4 形容詞3 副詞1 連詞2 介詞短語2 代詞1 新課標卷II 夾敘夾議文 262 作者通過自身的經(jīng)歷總結出,電話中的感受有時與現(xiàn)實生活中的感受不一致,因為像微笑這樣無聲的信號無法通過電話傳播。 動詞6 名詞 4 形容詞5

7、 副詞3 介詞短語2 新課標卷III 記敘文 276 作者通過刻苦訓練,最終實現(xiàn)了成為足球隊明星球員的目標。 動詞8 名詞4 形容詞5 副詞 1 連詞1 代詞1 【命題分析】 往往是高考中較難的題目,也是最容易失分的一種文章體裁。所選的有關文章蘊涵深刻的人生哲理,因此耐人尋味。從近兩年的高考完形填空來看,很多的完形填空往往在平淡的敘述中蘊涵著深刻的人生哲理。鑒于這一點,考生不但要理解文章的字面意思,更重要的是挖掘文章的內(nèi)涵,只有做到了這一點,考生才能透徹理解文章,做好完形填空。夾敘夾議型的完形填空一般有以下三個特點： 1．先敘述作者自己的某一個生活經(jīng)歷

8、或見聞,然后針對這一事件發(fā)表自己對生活的看法,或揭示生活的真理。 2．作者先提出一種觀點或看法,然后圍繞這一觀點或看法用具體的事例加以說明,有時也可能是用幾個事例從不同的側面來說明。 3．提出一種觀點或見解,然后用某一事例來闡述這一觀點,最后再進一步總結和升華。 對于夾敘夾議型的完形填空,抓住作者要說明的觀點或要闡述的生活哲理是做好這一類型題目的關鍵,而作者敘述所發(fā)生的事件或生活經(jīng)歷只是為表達其思想服務的。 【應試策略】 一、關注首句,領會大意 通過首句可以明確文章話題,了解篇章結構,預測全文內(nèi)容。尾句往往是作者的點睛之筆,通過尾句一般可以更加真實、確切地體會到作者的寫作意圖、對待

9、事件的真實態(tài)度等核心內(nèi)容。 二、注重語境,理清行文邏輯 夾敘夾議文以敘述為主,絕大部分篇幅是在描述事件,而作者的觀點及態(tài)度往往隱含在敘述中,這就要求考生增強語篇意識,抓住文章的敘事線索,弄清文章的內(nèi)在邏輯關系,根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容做出選擇,并適當進行邏輯推理是解題的關鍵。 三、找準標志詞,弄清故事發(fā)展模式 夾敘夾議文通常使用對比、強調(diào)、讓步、舉例、結論、順序和對照等手段?？忌鷳⒁庥^察文章的結構特點,根據(jù)表達這些手段的銜接詞來正確理解故事情節(jié)。 常見標志詞有：(1)并列關系：and,not only...but also,that is to say等；(2)因果關系：because,fo

10、r,so that,in order that,due to,thanks to,thus,therefore,so等；(3)對比關系：while,whereas,as,rather than,instead of等；(4)轉折關系：although,though,even if,nevertheless,despite,but,yet,however,on the contrary等；(5)遞進關系：also,then,besides,in addition,furthermore,what’s more等；(6)順序關系：first,then,on the one hand等；(7)轉變話

11、題：by the way,what I really mean...等。 【解題方法技巧】 1．結合文章主旨,利用語境暗示 每一篇文章都有一個主旨,而且文章的敘述總是在主旨的框架下展開的,主旨和語境互為條件、互為提示,根據(jù)全文主旨、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評價等考慮選項內(nèi)容。 典例　The woman sitting at the desk,seeing my madness,sympathetically jumped up.She gave me a __53__ smile,nodded while listening patiently,and then printed out th

12、e ticket immediately.“What a wonderful lady！” I thought. A．shy B．comforting C．familiar D．forced 選項意思 A．shy 害羞的 B．comforting 令人安慰的 C．familiar 熟悉的 D．forced 強迫的 信息來源 文章主旨和語境 關鍵詞 sympathetically； nodded while listening patiently 分析：B　根據(jù)前面sympathetically“同情地”以及下文nodded while listening pa

13、tiently可知她舉止對我是非常友好的、善意的,因此可以得知,這里的意思是,“看到我這個樣子,她很理解,給我一個微笑,以示安慰”,故選comforting。 2．依托記敘內(nèi)容,歸納議論觀點 在夾敘夾議文中,敘述和議論不可分割,記敘的目的是議論；議論的目的是說明作者的觀點和態(tài)度,是對記敘部分的評價或分析,是故事的升華。做題時,需要把文章中的記敘和議論結合起來,保持兩者的一致。 典例　It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the te

14、am.I think it is a general principle. __19__ is the best teacher. A．Experience B．Independence C．Curiosity D．Interest 選項意思 A．experience 經(jīng)驗；經(jīng)歷 B．independence 獨立；自主 C．curiosity 好奇心；好奇 D．interest 興趣；利益 信息來源 文章記敘部分 關鍵詞 playing against the other team； a general principle 分析：A　作者的女兒參加一項娛樂性

15、足球賽并進入了錦標賽。周六在與水平更高的隊比賽時她們隊輸了,但是她們的球隊善于學習,周日比賽時她們表現(xiàn)得完全不同,居然還進一球。作者由此感慨：實踐出真知,經(jīng)驗是最好的老師。這句話就是敘述后的議論,是升華的部分,因此填 Experience。 3．依據(jù)關鍵詞匯,揣摩情感態(tài)度 閱讀文章時,仔細找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和情感色彩的重要詞匯,它們往往是名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題的線索。 典例　Aunt Dede,a teacher,had read the book to her students,and they loved it.Even the youngest chil

16、dren in the class were attracted by the story.They listened with great interest,and then __47__ joined in grand conversations about Harry’s adventures. A．suspectedly B．a(chǎn)nxiously C．calmly D．enthusiastically 選項意思 A．suspectedly 懷疑地 B．a(chǎn)nxiously 好奇地 C．calmly 鎮(zhèn)定地 D．enthusiastically 熱情地 信息來源

17、上文語境 關鍵詞 loved； were attracted； with great interest 分析：D　根據(jù)文章的動詞loved,were attracted以及介詞短語with great interest可知,這里的感情是積極向上的,因此選D項。 【三年高考】 17、18、19高考試題及其解析 2019年高考試題 【2019·全國I】閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilima

18、njaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ___41___ with them lots of waste. The ___42___ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the ___43___ of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I’m ___44___ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer”

19、natural experiences. However, I soon ___45___ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ___46___ among tons of rubbish. I find a ___47___ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ___48___ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National

20、Park Authority seem to be ___49___. The best of a Kilimanjaro ___50___, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ___51___ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ___52___ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ___53___ go through five ecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))in the space of a few kilometers

21、. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ___54___ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather ___55___ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I ___56___ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highl

22、and ___57___: gravel(礫石), stones and rocks. ___58___ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ___59___ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro ___60___ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.

23、 41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring 42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters 43. A. position B. age C. face D. name 44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy 45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate 46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones 47. A. remote B. quiet C

24、. all D. clean 48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary 49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away 50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight 51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded 52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose 53. A. scientis

25、ts B. climbers C. locals D. officials 54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to 55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits 56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add 57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake 58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally 59

26、. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial 60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire 2018年高考試題 【2018·全國I】閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department was offering a "free"course, called Thinking Chess, for t

27、hree credits.I___41___the idea of taking the class because ,after all ,who doesn't want to___42___a few dollars?More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And,even if I weren’t___43___enough about free credits,news about our___44___was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmast

28、er,which___45___I would be learning from one of the game's___46___.I could hardly wait to___47___him. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this___48___was no game for him: he meant business. In his introduction, he made it___49___that our credits would be har

29、d-earned. In order to___50___the class ,among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to___51___what we would learn in class to our future professions and,___52___,to our lives. I managed to get an A in that___53___and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the___54___.

30、 Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he___55___me:“The absolute most important___56___that you learn when you play chess is how to make good___57___.On every single move you have to___58___a situation ,process what your opponent(對手）is doing and___59___the best

31、move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my___60___as a journalist. 41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down 42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay 43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired 44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor

32、 45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant 46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest 47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat 48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job 49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible 50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe 51. A. add B. expose C. app

33、ly D. compare 52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally 53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment 54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation 55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised 56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill 57. A. grades B. decision

34、s C. impressions D. comments 58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control 59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate 60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior 【2018·浙江卷】閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。 We have all heard how time is more valuable than money,

35、 but is it ___36___ to have too much? I___37___back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also ___38___a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it ____39____ When I got into college, things ___40___ I suddenly found myself ou

36、t of class before noon time. Because of all this ____41____ there was no sense of ____42____ to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became ___43___. Once that happened, I just kept___44___my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to

37、the point where I was____45____really late at night to get my work alone. One day I ____46____a former classmate of mine who was ____47____ a lot of money running a sideline(副業(yè)).Since his regular job was ____48____, I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time. He said without the job,

38、he would ____49____ have too much time and would just do what I did back in____50____.He said that if he ____51____the job, he would lose his ____52____ to work and succeed. So, try ____53____ your time with other work. This is why there is a ____54____ that if you want something done, ask a ____55

39、____person to do it. 36. A. true B. fair C. strange D. possible 37. A. remember B. admit C. understand D. expect 38. A. watched B. loved. C. Coached D. played 39. A.al last B. right away C. of course D. mattered 40. A. happened B. repeated C. changed D

40、. mattered 41. A. extra B .difficult. C. valuable D. limited 42. A. duty B. achievement C .urgency D. direction 43. A. burden B. relief C. risk D. habit 44. A. pushing B. taking C. setting D. calling 45. A. hanging out B. staying u

41、p C. jogging round D. showing off 46. A. met B. helped C. treated D. hired 47. A. raising B. wasting C. demanding D. making 48. A. safe B. important C. boring D. rewarding 49. A. luckily B. hardly C. hopefully D. simply 50. A. childhood B. college C. town

42、 D. business 51. A. quit B. found C. accepted D. kept 52. A. heart B. chance C. drive D. way 53. A. saving B. filling up C. giving up D. trading 54. A. message B. story C. saying D. fact 55. A. careful B. busy C. reliable D. kind 【2018·北京】 閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的

43、A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 The Homeless Hero For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source（來源）of temptation（誘惑）. But the ___16___ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the h

44、omeless Tom Smith ____17____ more remarkable. After spotting a ___18___ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the ____19____ to return. After hours in the cold and wet, he ____20____ inside and pulled the wallet out

45、hoping to find some ID so he could contact（聯(lián)系）the driver, only to ____21____ it contained ￡400 in notes, with another ￡50 in spare change beside it. He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after ____22____ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderso

46、n and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth ￡35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were ____23____ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was ____24____. The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith f

47、or his ____25____. Mr. Anderson said：＂I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight ____26____ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and ____27____ he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought

48、about others ____28____. It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are ___29___ guys out there.＂ Mr. Smith’s act ____30____ much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson ____31____ about the act of kindness on Facebook. Now Mr. Anderson has set up an o

49、nline campaign to ____32____ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8,000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown ____33____ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job ____34____ and all sorts,＂ Mr. Ander

50、son commented. For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing ____35____. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another. 16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort 17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once 18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel 19. A. partner

51、 B. colleague C. owner D. policeman 20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached 21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe 22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing 23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked 24. A. safe B. missing C. found

52、 D. seen 25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement 26. A. when B. if C. where D. because 27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just 28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead 29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous 30. A. gave B. pai

53、d C. cast D. drew 31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard 32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn 33. A. of B. at C. for D. in 34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications 35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge 2017年高考試題

54、[2017·天津卷] 閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從16～35各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。 At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to __16__ bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of __17__ but nothing wor

55、ked. I came to believe that I could do nothing about my __18__． When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me __19__. I didn't want to live the rest of my life with this __20__ weight any more. That year, I __21__ a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.

56、A seminar leader shared her __22__ story—she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children. __23__ by her story, I created the As We Heal(痊愈), the World Heals __24__. My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 __25__ a movement founded 30 years ago to

57、 end hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world __26__ me as the perfect solution. __27__ I began my own personal weight programme, I was filled with the fear that I would __28__ the same difficulties that beat me before. While the __29__ hung over my head, there were also sig

58、ns that I was headed down the right __30__. I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began __31__ in from hundreds of people. Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician(內(nèi)科醫(yī)生), I hired a fitness coa

59、ch, and I began to eat small and __32__ meals. My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise __33__． A year later, I __34__ my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! I feel that I've been given a second life to devote to something that is __35__ and enormous. 16.A.add B. mi

60、x C. kill D. share 17.A. diets B. drinks C. fruits D. dishes 18.A. height B. ability C. wisdom D. weight 19.A. temporarily B. recently C. seriously D. secretly 20.A.ideal B. extra C. normal D. low 21.A. attended B. organized C. recommended D. menti

61、oned 22.A. folk B. success C. adventure D. science 23.A. Surprised B. Amused C. Influenced D. Disturbed 24.A. project B. business C. system D. custom 25.A. in search of B.in need of C. in place of D. in support of 26.A.scared B. considered C. confuse

62、d D. struck 27.A. As B. Until C. If D. Unless 28.A. get over B. run into C. look for D. put aside 29.A.excitment B. joy C. anger D. fear 30.A.row B. hall C. path D. street 31.A. breaking B. flooding C. jumping D. stepping 32.A. heav

63、y B. full C. expense D. healthy 33.A. regularly B. limitlessly C. suddenly D. randomly 34.A. set B. reached C. missed D. dropped 35.A. stressful B. painful C. meaningful D. peaceful 【兩年模擬】2018、2019名校模擬題及其參考答案解析 2019年模擬題 Ⅰ.完形填空 1.【廣東省六校（廣

64、州二中,深圳實驗,珠海一中,中山紀念,東莞中學,惠州一中）2019高三下學期第三次聯(lián)考】 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分,滿分30分） 閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 I come from one of those families where you have to yell at the dinner table to get in a word. Everyone has a strong _____21_____, and talks at the same time, and no one

65、has a _____22_____ leading to heated arguments. We often talk or even debate with each other on different topics. _____23_____ a family like mine has made me more _____24_____ about the world around me, making me tend to question anything anyone tells me. But it has also made me realize that I’m not

66、 a good listener. And when I say “l(fā)istening”, I’m not _____25_____ to the nodding-your-head-and-_____26_____-answering-Uh-huh-or-Ooh-I-see variety. I mean the kind of listening where you find yourself deeply _____27_____ with the person you’re speaking with, when his story becomes so _____28_____ that your world becomes less about you and more about him. No, I was never very good at that. I spent summer in South Africa two years ago. I worked for a good non-profit _____29_____ called Noah, whic