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1、,Exercises,Reading Comprehension,Structure of the Text,Unit 1: Exercises,,Vocabulary,Cloze,Translation,,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,,1.In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author tells a story about a professor in Robert A. Fowkess class. What was strange about the professor?,First, the professor said “l(fā)adi

2、es and gentlemen,” while there was only one student. Second, Robert A. Fowkes, the only student in class, missed one class, but the professor didnt give the lecture Fowkes had missed, but gave the next one in the sequence.,Reference,,,Ex. I, p.8,,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,2.Why was the lecture s

3、ystem popular in the thirteenth century?,In the 13th Century books were so rare and expensive that few students could afford them.,Reference,,,,,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,3.In paragraphs 57, what does the author use an imaginary class to show us?,The author uses an imaginary class to show us the

4、 inadequacy of the lecture system.,Reference,,,,,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,4.In the imaginary class, what makes Mary and other students bored?,The way the professor lectures: He is just reading from a stack of his very old notes.,Reference,,,,,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,5.Why do Mary and her

5、fellow students stick it out while some drop out of college?,Mary and some other students become resigned to the lecture system and wait to become juniors and seniors. Then, they will attend smaller classes and at last get the kind of personal attention that real learning requires.,Reference,,,,,Uni

6、t 1: Reading comprehension,6.In paragraph 10, the author discusses active learning and passive learning. Give some examples of both.,Active learning: Students write essays, do experiments and then have their work evaluated by their instructors. Passive learning: Attending lectures.,Reference,,,,,Uni

7、t 1: Reading comprehension,7. In what way do most students learn best?,Most students learn best by engaging in frequent and even heated debate.,Reference,,,,,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,8.According to paragraph 13, why do administrators love lectures?,They can cram a lot more students into a lectu

8、re hall than into a discussion class.,Reference,,,,,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,9.Why may smaller classes be exhausting to the teacher?,Smaller classes may require energy, imagination, and commitment from the teacher, which can be very exhausting.,Reference,,,,,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,10.Acc

9、ording to the author, who should receive more lectures?,Juniors and seniors.,Reference,,,1.Introduction (Paras. 12),2.Body (Paras. 314),3.Conclusion (Para. 15),Text Outline,,Unit 1: Structure of the text,,,,,Ex. II, pp.8-9,,1. Introduction (Paras. 12),A true story told by Robert A. Fowkes about how

10、a professor taught a class.,Text Outline,,Unit 1: Structure of the text,,,,Body (Paras. 314) Disadvantages of lectures and _____________.,1)American colleges and universities are criticized from many sides. (Para. 3) For example: College graduates ____________________ _________________.,Text Outli

11、ne,,Unit 1: Structure of the text,,,2) The root of the problem: ________________. (Para. 4),why they exist,the lecture system,,2.Body (Paras. 314),Text Outline,,Unit 1: Structure of the text,The size of the class : ________________________________ __________________. The professor: _________________

12、______________________ _____________________________________. Students: __________________________________________. Mary: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ___________.,the inadequacy of the lecture,get bored; ask no questions; drop out of

13、 college,,,,system,2.Body (Paras. 314),4) _____________________________________________. (Paras. 812),Text Outline,,Unit 1: Structure of the text,,,A.______________________________. B. _________________________________. C. Eventually, the lecture system harms ____________________________________

14、______.,Listening intelligently is hard work,Attending lectures is passive learning,Problems that the lecture system has brought about,Eventually, the lecture system harms professors as well,,2.Body (Paras. 314),5)____________________________________________ ________________________. (Para. 13) For

15、 example: to faculty members,Text Outline,,Unit 1: Structure of the text,,,A.____________________________. B. pretend to teach by lecturing C. __________________________________________________.,easier on everyone than debates,offer some professors an irresistible forum for showing off,,2.Body (Para

16、s. 314),6)__________________________________________. (Para. 14),Text Outline,,Unit 1: Structure of the text,,,Advantages of small classes and discussion in class,,Text Outline,,Unit 1: Structure of the text,3. Conclusion (Para. 15),__________________________________________________ _______________

17、___________________________________ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________.,,Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene both because they seem to be economically necessary and because they spring from a long tradition in a s

18、etting that values tradition for its own sake,,1.His heart attack was ________ by the physical and emotional pressures suffered under interrogation.,triggered,,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,Part A, Ex. V, pp.10-11 Complete the sentences with words given below, making sure that each word is used in the right

19、form. commit stride impersonality minimum economical trigger enrollment original scarce shrink relieve sequence.,,2.We are all under the illusion that the country is doing well ____________, but in fact it is in serious difficulty.,economically,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,,,,,3.He couldnt join the police b

20、ecause he was below the ________ height allowed by the rule.,minimum,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,,,,,,4.We hope to see stronger ___________ from the world community for international working together in the fight to protect our common natural surroundings.,commitment,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,,,,,,,5.The profes

21、sor felt grateful and _______ that the debate hadnt degenerated into something absurd and degrading.,relieved,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,,,,,,,,6.Tiger populations have stopped ________, and working to protect them is now a way of life in nations where they roam.,shrinking,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,,,,,,,,,7.O

22、ur efforts result in a great rise in ___________ in our universities, coupled with a radical shift in higher education from the private to the public sector.,enrollments,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,,,,,,,,,,8.It was such a funny and wonderful show; I could _______ keep from laughing with delight.,scarcely,

23、,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,,,,,,,,,,,9.Details are often organized according to time _________ or from one place to another. These are two very important means of descriptive writing.,sequence,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,,,,,,,,,,,,10.Many how-to books advise you to _____ into a room and impress others with your

24、 qualities.,stride,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,Part B,,,,,,,,,,,1.Even without knowing all the details, the reader can often be able to predict the general direction the author is going to. A. anticipate B. expect C. capture D. nurture,Part B, Ex. V, pp.11 Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meani

25、ng to the boldfaced part of the sentence.,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,1.Even without knowing all the details, the reader can often be able to predict the general direction the author is going to. A. anticipate B. expect C. capture D. nurture,,2.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives pla

26、y vital roles in raising children. A. intolerable B. impassioned C. intellectual D. indispensable,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,,2.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play vital roles in raising children. A. intolerable B. impassioned C. intellectual D. indispensable,,,Unit 1: Vocabula

27、ry,3.Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C, for example, drink orange juice with cereal (谷類食品) or put a tomato on a sandwich, to increase the amount of iron absorbed. A. intensify B. enhance C. strengthen D. reinforce,,,3.Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C, for example, drink orange juice w

28、ith cereal (谷類食品) or put a tomato on a sandwich, to increase the amount of iron absorbed. A. intensify B. enhance C. strengthen D. reinforce,,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,4.Believing that he was fully qualified, he submitted his application instantly, but a week later he was crushed to learn that it had been

29、 turned down. A. ultimately B. hesitantly C. promptly D. attentively,,,4.Believing that he was fully qualified, he submitted his application instantly, but a week later he was crushed to learn that it had been turned down. A. ultimately B. hesitantly C. promptly D. attentively,,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,

30、,The rule for the competition is somewhat vague. I cant get it and I require an explanation. A. distinct B. obscure C. clumsy D. imaginary,The rule for the competition is somewhat vague. I cant get it and I require an explanation. A. distinct B. obscure C. clumsy D. imaginary,,6.The diseases thriv

31、e in conditions where freshwater is insufficient and sanitation is poor. A. scarce B. plentiful C. fruitful D. inexhaustible,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,,6.The diseases thrive in conditions where freshwater is insufficient and sanitation is poor. A. scarce B. plentiful C. fruitful D. inexhaustible,,,Unit 1

32、: Vocabulary,7.After the scandal, public confidence in the economic recovery has fallen dramatically, according to a post-election survey. A. gradually B. frequently C. surprisingly D. analytically,,,7.After the scandal, public confidence in the economic recovery has fallen dramatically, according t

33、o a post-election survey. A. gradually B. frequently C. surprisingly D. analytically,,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,The tutorial system is considered so important at Oxford and Cambridge that students are not even forced to attend general lectures. A. compelled B. insulated C. memorized D. challenged,,,The

34、tutorial system is considered so important at Oxford and Cambridge that students are not even forced to attend general lectures. A. compelled B. insulated C. memorized D. challenged,,9.They must know how to keep and make use of and when necessary abandon the old and outdated conventional rules. A.

35、 skim B. clarify C. discard D. insulate,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,,9.They must know how to keep and make use of and when necessary abandon the old and outdated conventional rules. A. skim B. clarify C. discard D. insulate,,They believe that identity theft is caused by issuing too many instant credit card

36、s, deficient checking of identity, and too few legal protections for consumers personal information. A. sufficient B. overdue C. naive D. inadequate,,Unit 1: Vocabulary,,They believe that identity theft is caused by issuing too many instant credit cards, deficient checking of identity, and too few

37、 legal protections for consumers personal information. A. sufficient B. overdue C. naive D. inadequate,,How to Be an Effective Listener Author G. K. Chesterton once said, “There is no such thing as an uninteresting subject; there are only uninterested people.” Listening is a skill that 1)________

38、coordination of the listeners mental powers with an outside force (the person or thing which is being listened to). In addition, listening is three-2)___________; listen critically with the ears, 3)___________ with the mind, and understandingly with the eyes.,requires,,Unit 1: Cloze,dimensional,thou

39、ghtfully,,,,Ex. VI, pp.1112 Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each word can be used only ONCE. Change the word form where necessary.,To be continued ...,,1) Good listeners need to think around the topic by listening between the 4)_____, and a

40、nticipate the instructors 5)_____ point. 2) Good listeners 6)__________ what has been said and put instructors thoughts into their 7)____ words. 3) Good listeners listen with a pencil in their hands and take good 8)_____ .,lines,,Unit 1: Cloze,next,summarize,own,,,,notes,,,,,,,To be continued ...,4)

41、 Good listeners try to get as much 9)___ of a lecture as from a chapter in a book. 5) Good listeners avoid supersensitive listening, i.e. not 10)______ to listen to anything they dont agree with. 6) Good listeners sit near the 11)____ so as not to miss anything.,out,,Unit 1: Cloze,refuse,front,,,,,,

42、,,,,,,,To be continued ...,People who are good listeners manage to judge the 12)_______, and not the delivery. They realize that not all instructors are good lecturers. Some instructors have a very nervous demeanor ( 行為；舉止) and may not 13)____ as though they are comfortable lecturing; it doesnt mean

43、 that they have nothing of 14)_____ to say. And some instructors may have a(n) 15)______ , or may speak softly. Again, while these things may be 16)__________ to the listener, every 17)_____ should be made to ignore these physical problems and pay attention to the message.,content,,Unit 1: Cloze,act

44、,value,,,accent,,,,,distracting,effort,,,,,,,,,,,,,To be continued ...,Another area that good listeners can take 18)_________ of is non-verbal communication. Facial expressions, gestures, body posture: all of these add to a lecture. Even something so minor as the instructor pacing back and 19)_____,

45、 stopping only to emphasize a point, is important. A good listener will couple what is being said with what isnt being said (non-verbals) and draw 20)___________ .,advantage,,Unit 1: Cloze,forth,conclusions,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1.那位教授很可能在他唯一的學(xué)生缺席的情況下對著空空的教室講了一課。,,The professor might probably have d

46、elivered his lecture to the empty classroom in the absence of his solitary student.,,Unit 1: Translation,Part A, Ex. VIII, pp.1415 Translate the following sentences into English.,,in the absence of,,2. 現(xiàn)行的教育體制遭到了公眾的批評，公眾已經(jīng)開始意識到這種體制給學(xué)生帶來的危害。,,The present educational system has been under attack from

47、the public, who have begun to realize the harm the system has done to students.,,Unit 1: Translation,,,under attack from,,3.老師告訴這些大四學(xué)生他每次都會點(diǎn)名，因?yàn)檫@門課是必須要聽的。,,The professor told those seniors that he would take attendance every time because attendance at this course was compulsory.,,Unit 1: Translation

48、,,,take attendance,,,4. 我真想?yún)⒓幽愕膯踢w聚會。但是很抱歉我無法去, 因?yàn)槲矣幸淮蠖咽虑橐觥?,Id love to go to your housewarming party, but Im sorry I cant make it because Ive got a stack of things to do.,,Unit 1: Translation,,,a stack of,,,5. 中學(xué)輟學(xué)的年青人可以上夜?；蛲ㄟ^電大和函授課程恢復(fù)他們的學(xué)業(yè)。,,Youths who dropped out of middle school can resume their

49、 studies at night school or through television and correspondence courses.,,Unit 1: Translation,,,,drop out of,,6. 她不喜歡那位著名作家的講座，但她為了在講座后得到他的簽名還是耐著性子聽完了。,,She didnt like the famous writers lecture, but she stuck it out to get the writers autograph after the lecture.,,Unit 1: Translation,,,,autograph

50、,,7. 我對講座制所體現(xiàn)的冷漠無情非常失望，但是最終我還是無奈接受了它，并耐心等待成為大三的學(xué)生。,,I was disappointed at the impersonality of the lecture system, but eventually I grew resigned to the system and waited patiently to become a junior.,,Unit 1: Translation,,,,grow resigned to,,8. 我們不得不承認(rèn)講座體制會把教師和學(xué)生天真的問題隔絕開來，而這些問題很可能會引起學(xué)生很多有用的想法。,,We

51、have to admit that the lecture system insulates a teacher from students naive questions, which could have triggered a line of useful thought.,,Unit 1: Translation,,,,insulate sb from sth,,9. 我不同意那些評論家的意見。你得出的結(jié)論絕不是沒有價(jià)值的。對我而言，這些結(jié)論很有道理。,,I dont agree with those critics opinions. Your conclusions are fa

52、r from worthless; they make a good deal of sense to me.,,Unit 1: Translation,,,,make sense,,10.為了學(xué)生本身的緣故，應(yīng)該在第一節(jié)課就告訴他們這門課的目的，內(nèi)容以及要通過這門課的要求。,,For the sake of the students, they should be told on the first class about the objective and content of the course and the requirements to pass the course.,,Uni

53、t 1: Translation,for the sake of,Part B,,聽講課存在的一個(gè)問題是：會聽是很難的事。閱讀課本中的相同內(nèi)容是更有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生可以根據(jù)其需要慢慢閱讀直到他們理解這些內(nèi)容。,Part B, Ex. VIII, p. 15 Translate the following selected paragraph into Chinese.,,Unit 1: Translation,,One problem with lectures is that listening intelligently is hard work. Reading the same

54、material in a textbook is a more efficient way to learn because students can proceed as slowly as they need to until the subject matter becomes clear to them.,,Even simply paying attention is very difficult; people can listen at a rate of four hundred to six hundred words a minute, while the most im

55、passioned professor talks at scarcely a third of that speed. This time lag between speech and comprehension leads to daydreaming.,有時(shí)甚至僅僅做到專心聽講都很難。人們可以以每分鐘400-600個(gè)字的速度聽，而最富有激情的教授說話的速度也很難達(dá)到這個(gè)速度的1/3。講話和理解之間的時(shí)間差導(dǎo)致開小差。,,Unit 1: Translation,,,,Many students believe years of watching television have sabota

56、ged their attention span, but their real problem is that listening attentively is much harder than they think.,很多學(xué)生認(rèn)為多年來看電視已經(jīng)削弱了他們保持注意力的能力。但是他們真正的問題是專心聽課比他們認(rèn)為的要難得多。,,Unit 1: Translation,,,,Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene both because they seem to be economically nece

57、ssary and because they spring from a long tradition in a setting that values tradition for its own sake. But the lectures too frequently come at the wrong end of the students educational careers during the first two years, when they most need close, even individual, instruction.,講課這一方式不會完全從大學(xué)消失。一是因?yàn)?/p>

58、講課似乎從經(jīng)濟(jì)上是必需的，二是講課起源于悠久的傳統(tǒng)，而且人們又把傳統(tǒng)本身看得很重。但是，講課通常出現(xiàn)在學(xué)生接受教育生涯的錯(cuò)誤的那一端在大學(xué)的第一和第二年，那時(shí)他們最需要密切的、甚至是針對個(gè)體需要的指導(dǎo)。,,Unit 1: Translation,,,,If lecture classes were restricted to juniors and seniors, who are less in need of scholarly nurturing and more able to prepare work on their own, they would be far less destructive of students interests and enthusiasms than the present system. After all, students must learn to listen before they can listen to learn.,如果講課這一形式局限于三、四年級的學(xué)生，則對學(xué)生的興趣和熱情的破壞力會比目前的制度小得多，因?yàn)槿?、四年級的學(xué)生不太需要學(xué)科上的指導(dǎo)與幫助，而且更有能力自己制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。畢竟，學(xué)生在能夠從聽講課中學(xué)到知識之前必須先要學(xué)會去聽。,,Unit 1: Translation,,,