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履帶式液壓底盤的設(shè)計(jì)
摘要：履帶式底盤的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和性能決定了它在農(nóng)田耕作業(yè)中具有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)，履帶式底盤的接地比壓相對(duì)較低。不會(huì)對(duì)翻耕過(guò)的土壤造成多次反復(fù)的碾壓，而輪式底盤在整地和耙地作業(yè)時(shí)輪胎在翻耕過(guò)的土壤上反復(fù)碾壓，造成對(duì)土壤的多次壓實(shí)，不利于播種后種子的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育。因此，研究履帶底盤的性能具有極其重要的意義。
本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的課題為履帶式液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)底盤的設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)了一種后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)行走底盤，底盤采用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)力匹配，底盤的液壓系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一泵驅(qū)動(dòng)兩馬達(dá)差速行走，使其結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、操作靈活、安全可靠，能適應(yīng)外負(fù)荷的劇烈變化，整機(jī)的性能得到了提高，能滿足各種工況下的使用要求。在已知功率的情況下，整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)參考農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的基本參數(shù)，選取了液壓馬達(dá)、液壓泵等液壓件。履帶的結(jié)構(gòu)同樣參考了履帶拖拉機(jī)的基本參數(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)了履帶的結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸，使整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)得到了優(yōu)化。
經(jīng)過(guò)比較試驗(yàn)，本設(shè)計(jì)得到以下結(jié)論：
（1）底盤的液壓系可實(shí)現(xiàn)一泵兩馬達(dá)差速行走，增加了底盤的自適應(yīng)能力。
（2）本設(shè)計(jì)的底盤的質(zhì)量為2.5t，與目前大部分底盤相比，達(dá)到了輕體的設(shè)計(jì)要求。
（3）液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)無(wú)級(jí)變速，同時(shí)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)制動(dòng)和高低速轉(zhuǎn)換，即：工作時(shí)低速行駛，轉(zhuǎn)場(chǎng)是高速行駛。靈活方便，易于操縱。
關(guān)鍵詞：履帶 液壓系統(tǒng) 底盤
The design of hydraulic crawler chassis
Abstract
Crawler chassis structure determines its characteristics and performance in the fields farming industry has a clear advantage. Crawler chassis ground pressure is relatively low. Tilling the soil will not cause too many repeated rolling. The wheeled chassis in the preparation and harrow tillage operations tires rolling over the soil again, Soil compaction caused by repeated is not conducive to the growth and development after sowing seeds, Therefore, the study tracked the performance of the chassis is extremely important.
The subject of this graduation project is tracked hydraulically driven chassis .Design a rear wheel drive, the chassis walk chassis engine and hydraulic transmission system to realize dynamic matching .The hydraulic system realizes the chassis a pump driven two motor differential walk, make its compact structure, flexible operation, safe, reliable, and can adapt to the drastic change of load, the machine performance can satisfy the various working conditions of use requirement. In the case of a known power, the design references the basic parameters of agricultural machines, select a hydraulic motor, hydraulic pump, etc. The structure of the reference the same track basic parameters of the crawler tractor, design the structure and size of crawler, make whole design are optimized.
After more testing, this design get the following conclusions:
Chassis system can achieve a hydraulic pump motor differential walking two, to increase the adaptive capacity of the chassis.
The?design of the?chassis?mass of?2.5t, Compared with the current most of the chassis, Reached a?lightweight?design requirements
Variable speed?hydraulic?drive system?to achieve, At the same time to achieve high-speed braking and convert, Namely: working at low speed, transitions is high speed. Flexible, easy to manipulate’
Key words Crawler Hydraulic system Chassis
目 錄
1 引言 - 1 -
1.1 國(guó)內(nèi)履帶式液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)底盤的現(xiàn)狀 - 1 -
1.2國(guó)內(nèi)履帶式液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)底盤的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) - 3 -
1.3主要設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容與關(guān)鍵技術(shù) - 3 -
2 技術(shù)任務(wù)書（JR） - 4 -
2.1總體設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) - 4 -
2.1.1 設(shè)計(jì)要求 - 4 -
2.1.2設(shè)計(jì)原則 - 4 -
2.2 產(chǎn)品的用途及使用范圍 - 5 -
2.3 產(chǎn)品的主要技術(shù)要求與主要技術(shù)參數(shù) - 5 -
2.3.1 主要技術(shù)要求 - 5 -
2.3.2 主要技術(shù)參數(shù) - 5 -
2.4 考慮到的若干方案的比較 - 5 -
3 設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說(shuō)明書（SS） - 6 -
3.1 結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析與確定 - 6 -
3.1.1 履帶式與輪式底盤的比較 - 6 -
3.1.2 結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定 - 7 -
3.2 履帶式行走底盤總體的設(shè)計(jì) - 7 -
3.2.1 結(jié)構(gòu)組成及其工作原理 - 7 -
3.3 履帶行走裝置計(jì)算 - 7 -
3.3.1 液壓馬達(dá)的選取 - 7 -
3.3.2 液壓泵的選取 - 8 -
3.3.3驅(qū)動(dòng)軸的選取 - 9 -
3.3.4驅(qū)動(dòng)輪和導(dǎo)向輪的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算 - 10 -
4 使用說(shuō)明書（SM） - 15 -
4.1 結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理 - 15 -
4.2 主要技術(shù)參數(shù) - 16 -
4.3使用注意事項(xiàng) - 16 -
5 技術(shù)條件（JT） - 16 -
5.1 檢驗(yàn)規(guī)則 - 17 -
5.1.1檢驗(yàn)的劃分 - 17 -
5.1.2出廠檢驗(yàn) - 17 -
5.1.3型式檢驗(yàn) - 17 -
6 結(jié)論 - 18 -
參考文獻(xiàn) - 19 -
致謝 - 20 -