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1、國家開放大學(xué)電大《高級英語閱讀(1)》《納稅籌劃》網(wǎng)絡(luò)課形考網(wǎng)考作業(yè)(合集)答案 國家開放大學(xué)電大《高級英語閱讀(1)》《納稅籌劃》網(wǎng)絡(luò)課形考網(wǎng)考作業(yè)(合集)答案 《高級英語閱讀(1)》網(wǎng)絡(luò)課答案 形考任務(wù)一（70分）Chapter 1 Exercise（分值7分）題目1 I. Vocabulary skills（3 points）Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word on the right with the correct definition on the left. (0.5 points each)

2、1.the bus or subway 2.proof of completion of courses of students 3.money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans 4.formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study 5.courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places 6.the points or grade a stu

3、dent gets on a test 答案： II. Reading Comprehension (4 points) Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each ) Experiencing Culture Shock A When Eliza James arrived at the University of Xian, she was excited to live in a new country, to improve her Chinese, and to experience

4、 a culture so different from her own. But soon her excitement turned to frustration as she encountered one roadblock after another. “I felt like I couldn＇t accomplish anything. My dorm room had no heat, I couldn＇t get into the classes I wanted, and every time I asked someone for help they gave me th

5、e runaround. I felt like no one was listening to me.“ Eliza met with administrators, sent letters of complaint, and even contacted the consulate in Beijing, but she got nowhere. What Eliza didn＇t realize was that her American approach to solving problems was very different from the Chinese one in wh

6、ich patience and negotiation skills are key. She soon learned how to solve problems within the cultural norms of Chinese society instead of forcing her own values onto those around her. “I finally feel like I fit in and that I know what I＇m doing. In fact, it＇s really fun being in a place that＇s so

7、incredibly different from what I am accustomed to.“ B Yoshi Yamamoto is a junior at a small college outside of Boston. Although he is an honors student now, Yoshi didn＇t always have such an easy time studying in America. “Teaching methods are very different here than they are in Japan. It took me a

8、 long time to get used to learning in seminars and discussing ideas with my classmates. At first it seemed like I wasn＇t actually learning anything.“ Yoshi＇s reaction was to totally withdraw: he didn＇t participate in class discussion; he spent lots of time alone in his room, and he even skipped clas

9、s on occasion. “I thought I could teach myself. Now I recognize the value of the U.S. academic system, and I am able to adapt it to my own learning style.“ C Both Eliza and Yoshi experienced what is called culture shock: psychological disorientation due to living in a new culture. For many internat

10、ional students, studying abroad can offer exposure to new cultures and an opportunity to study new fields and languages. However, it also offers the greater challenge of trying to function in a foreign culture. Studying and reading about a certain culture is poor preparation for the reality of livin

11、g in it. According to psychological studies, the four stages of culture shock are 1. euphoria, 2. hostility, 3. gradual adjustment, and 4. adaptation. Culture shock can be manifested in many ways: homesickness, boredom, stereotyping of or hostility towards the host culture, overeating or overdrinkin

12、g, withdrawal, and inability to work effectively. D Different people experience different levels of culture shock and react in different ways. For example, Eliza got angry while Yoshi withdrew from society. The most important thing to remember is that culture shock is normal; it is not something to

13、 be ashamed of. Luckily, there are some things international students can do to make their adjustment to a new country go more smoothly. For instance, they can stay in touch with family and friends from home, join international student organizations, meet people from their own countries, and get inv

14、olved in campus activities. Most importantly, they can adjust to life abroad by keeping a sense of humor and trying to remain positive. Recognizing Paragraph Topics（choose the paragraph letter）題目2 7. an explanation of culture shock 選擇一項：A. A B. B C. C D. D 題目3 8. ways that students can adjust to li

15、ving in a new country 選擇一項：A. A B. B C. C D. D 題目4 9. the experience of an international student in the United States 選擇一項：A. A B. B C. C D. D 題目5 10. the experience of an international student in China 選擇一項：A. A B. B C. C D. D Chapter 2 Exercise（分值7分）題目1 I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）Sometimes e

16、xamples can explain the meaning of a word or phrase. For example, sun, rain, and wind are examples of kinds of weather. Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word or phrase in the first column with the examples in the second column. (0.4 points each) 1.kinds of extreme weather 2.Earth’s n

17、atural materials and gases 3. diseases or health disorders 4. seasons of the year 5. natural areas or regions of the earth 答案： II. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B or C. (1 point each) Seasonal Affective Disorder: More than

18、 Just the Blues A Joshua dreads the winter months, not only because of the cold New England weather--the sleet, snow, wind, and rain--but because as the seasons change from summer to fall to winter, the days get shorter. As the days get shorter, he starts feeling depressed and irritable and spends m

19、ore and more time at home, eating and sleeping. A graduate student in philosophy, Joshua finds that he gets little work done during the winter months and has trouble paying attention in class and concentrating on his research. “I soon realized that what I thought was just the ＇winter blues＇ was some

20、thing more extreme than that.“ Josh visited a doctor who diagnosed him with SAD. B Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a kind of depression that occurs seasonally. It is associated with the long hours of darkness and lack of sunlight during the winter months (people with SAD usually feel worse f

21、rom December through February). Scientists don＇t completely understand the exact causes of SAD, but they believe it is related to a biochemical imbalance in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the basic part of the brain that controls the body＇s breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone releas

22、e. The effects of SAD include moodiness, irritability, low energy, increased appetite for carbohydrates (foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread), difficulty concentrating, and the tendency to oversleep. C Although doctors described SAD for the first time in 1984, humans have probably dealt with the

23、 disorder for thousands of years. It is not a coincidence that many cultures have important celebrations during the short days of the winter months. Christmas, Hanukkah, and Winter Solstice celebrations all occur in December. These celebrations involve lighting candles in order to bring light, warmt

24、h, and happiness to an otherwise depressing time of year. D So what can SAD sufferers do to feel better? Naturally, they need more light. For people who have mild cases of SAD, exercising in the morning sun could be enough to help them. Phototherapy, or light therapy, is usually prescribed for peopl

25、e who have more serious cases of the disorder. In light therapy, patients sit in front of a light box, a strong artificial light, for up to four hours a day. Phototherapy is effective in over 80% of SAD cases, and patients usually see results within three to four days. Although the symptoms of SAD a

26、re similar to those of clinical depression, traditional antidepressants have not proven useful in treating SAD. While psychological counseling cannot treat the symptoms of SAD, it is recommended to help SAD sufferers learn to accept and deal with their illness. 題目2 6. Joshua starts feeling depressed

27、 and irritable in the winter because 選擇一項：A. he gets little work done B. he suffers from Seasonal Affective Disorder C. he is a graduate student in philosophy 題目3 7. Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a condition that researchers believe affects people during the winter months. Scienti

28、sts believe it is caused by 選擇一項：A. breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release B. moodiness, irritability, loss of energy, increased appetite, difficulty concentrating, and sleepiness C. lack of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain 題目4 8. Humans have probably strugg

29、led with SAD since 選擇一項：A. ancient times B. December C. 1984 題目5 9. People who suffer from SAD can to feel better. 選擇一項：A. do light therapy B. take antidepressant drugs C. eat carbohydrates 題目6 10. This passage talks about_____. 選擇一項：A. what the SAD effects are B. Both A and B. C. ho

30、w to help SAD suffers Chapter 3 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each ) Fast food can be good food Many people are too busy to prepare and eat three nutritious meals a day.so they turn to the convenience of fast-food

31、 restaurants. Many of the items at fast-food restaurants, snack bars, and food stands are fattening and not very nutritious.But fast food doesn’t have to be unhealthy.you can eat at fast-food restaurants and still eat well. Pay Attention to Calories and Fat Content By paying attention to the number

32、of calories and fat that a food item has ,you can make smarter choices.Calories are “units for measuring how much energy a food will produce”.condsider two fast-food meals. A quarter-pound hamburger with cheese, jumbo-size fries,and a 16-ounce soda have a total of 1,535 calories and 76 grams of fat

33、.a broiled (cooked under direct heat or over a flame )chicken sandwich ,a side salad with low-fat dressing,and a glass of water at the same fast-food restaurant have only 422 calories and 7 grams of fat .but maybe you really want a hamburger and fries .well,you can have a small hamburger,a small se

34、rving of fries,and a glass of water.At a total of 490 calories and 20 grams of fat,that’s still a much smarter choice than the large burger ,fries,and 20 grams of fat ,that’s still a much smarter choice than the large burger,fries,and sada. There’s More That You Can Do There are a few additional thi

35、ngs you can do to make sure you eat well in fast food restaurantS.First of all,say “no” when the cashier asks you if you want to “supersize” you meal (order an extra large portion of each item).Second, ask for no mayonnaise or sauce,or ask for it on the side (in a separate dish).Third,substitute(use

36、 something instead of something else)healthy foods for fatty ones. For example,instead of ordering deep-fried tempura,order fresh vegetables.Instead of ordering a beef burrito with lots of cheese and sour cream,order a vegetable burrito with beans and rice.and don’t eat the chips!Another thing you c

37、an do is order a side salad or a vegetable soup and eat it first.That way,you will eat some vegetables,and you won’t be able to eat as much of your burger and fries.Fnally,eat slowly and stop eating when you’re full. It sounds simple,but many people keep eating even after they become full. 題目1 1.Wha

38、t is the main idea of this article ?________ 選擇一項：A. It’s smart to eat foods with low calories and fat content. B. Fast food is always bad for you . C. You can eat well in fast-food restaurant D. Fast-food restaurants are the best the place to find healthy foods . 題目2 2.A small hamburger and small

39、firies has __________ 選擇一項：A. more calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad. B. the same amount of calories and fat as a chicken sandwich and a salad. C. fewer calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad. D. the same amount of calories and fat as a large portion of fries. 題目3

40、3.Some things you can do to eat well in fast-food restaurants are________ 選擇一項：A. ask for eatra manyonnaise and sauce and say no to “surpersizing” . B. order a vegetable burrito instead of chips and eat sour cream . C. order smaller portions and eat all the food you order. D. order healthy foods in

41、stead of fatty ones and drink water. 題目4 4.Manyonnaise and sauces probably_________ 選擇一項：A. make you eat less because they make you feel full sooner. B. make you eat more because they make your food taste better. C. have a lot of fat and calories. D. don’t have a lot of fat and calories. 題目5 5.

42、 By eating a salad or soup before the rest of your meal,_______ 選擇一項：A. you eat less of the rest of your meal. B. you eat more slowly. C. you get full sooner. D. you eat the rest of your meal more quickly. II. Vocabulary skills（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word fr

43、om the box. (0.4 points each) 題目6 changes damaging losing global available The growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are 6 damaging health in the industrialized island coun

44、try of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products, and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dish full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such 7 changes in eatin

45、g habits are related to a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes. On the other hand, the changing 8 global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the CzechRepublic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy p

46、roducts financially, so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely 9 available from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating healthier home-cooked meals. For these reasons, fewer C

47、zech men are having heart attacks, the women are 10 losing a lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives. Chapter 4 Exercise（分值7分 I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）題目1 Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (0.4 points each) 1.make sense 2.pedestri

48、ans 3.vehicle 4.teenager 5.fine 答案： II. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each) These days, it’s getting easier and easier to find your way around. Some people have GPS devices in their cars to make sure t

49、hey don’t get lost. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. These devices use satellites in space to “see” where you are and give you directions to where you want to go. And if you don’t have a GPS device, you can simply go online to get step-by-step directions. Websites like MapQ and can produce

50、 a map and directions in just a few seconds. But how do they do it? MapQuest uses data (information) from a few different sources to produce directions and maps. Before MapQuest went online, it sold regular paper maps in places like gas stations. The website uses the data from those paper maps, info

51、rmation from digital mapping companies, and government databases. At the moment, MapQuest uses more than 30 computers to read all this data and provides users with millions of maps every day. In order to find the best route (way or path) from one place to another, MapQuest first has to look at all p

52、ossible routes. Then MapQuest looks at each part of each possible route. It considers the types of roads on the different routes. Are they dirt roads, paved roads, freeways, or city streets? It looks at how many turns there are in each route and what kinds of turns they are. Are they right turns or

53、left turns? It also considers the speed limit on each road and how many intersections there are. An intersection is “a place where two or more roads cross each other”. MapQuest can also tell you how long your trip will take you. It does this by doing some math. MapQuest bases its estimated driving t

54、imes on the length and speed limit of each part of the route and the amount of time it probably takes to get through each intersection. For example, it allows more time for a left turn at an intersection than it does for a right turn. Someday, maybe we will have cars that can just drive us wherever

55、we want to go, but for now, mapping websites make it a little harder to get lost. 題目2 6.What is the main idea of this article? 選擇一項：A. Why mapping websites don’t work well. B. Why mapping websites are better than paper maps. C. How mapping websites work. D. How the first mapping website started. 題目

56、3 7.According to the article, MapQuest______ 選擇一項：A. started as maker of government databases. B. started as an Internet company. C. uses millions of computers to read data. D. starting by selling paper maps. 題目4 8.When you search for directions, the first thing MapQuest does is_______ 選擇一項：A. cons

57、ider how many turns you want to take. B. print out a map and directions. C. estimate driving time. D. look at all possible paths. 題目5 9.When it’s deciding on the best route, MapQuest probably chooses ________ 選擇一項：A. the route with the most turns. B. dirt roads instead of paved roads. C. freeways i

58、nstead of dirt roads. D. city streets instead of freeways. 題目6 10. To estimate your driving time, MapQuest considers _________ 選擇一項：A. the distance between turns on your route. B. the speed limit for half of the route. C. the fastest and slowest speed limits on your route. D. the speed limits and t

59、ypes of turns on your route. Chapter 5 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Read the five main-idea questions that follow about the information in the reading. Three details correctly answer each question. Cross out the untrue, unrelated detail. (1 point each ) 題目1 1. What are the defin

60、itions of the two main types of families? 選擇一項：A. Human beings lived in loosely-related groups. Each group had a common ancestor long time ago. B. The nuclear family consists of two parents and their biological or adopted children. C. The extended family may include grandparents, parents, children

61、and relatives living together on the same street or in the same area. D. The nuclear family is the same as the extended family. 題目2 2. What are the reasons for the changes in the structure of the family? 選擇一項：A. The divorce rate went down and the birthrate began to rise in the early 1900s in the Uni

62、ted States. B. Couples did not want many children then. C. In the early 1900s in the United States, the divorce rated went down and the birthrate went down. D. At that time, couples were staying married for few years. 題目3 3. What happened to families in industrialized countries in the 1930s and 194

63、0s? 選擇一項：A. Before and during World War II, families faced few financial problems and women didn’t have to work away from home. B. Men were at war, so women had to work outside the home. C. Before and during World War II, families had problems. D. Families had serious financial problems during Worl

64、d War II. 題目4 4. What changes will happen to family structure during the next decades? 選擇一項：A. Divorces would be fewer, mothers would stay at home after the war. B. Children began living at home longer. C. After the war, family structure changed back. D. After the war, there were more divorces and f

65、ewer stay-home-mothers. 題目5 5. What will families be like in the future? 選擇一項：A. Many people want the traditional two-parent family back. B. Two-parent family will probably come back and all other family forms will end. C. Unmarried parents with adopted or foster children, and one-person households

66、. D. There may be more single-parent families. II. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0.4 points each) 題目6 living extended category typical believe The Family of the Future Many people today would like the traditional two-parent family back—that is to say, they want a man and a woman to marry for life; they also think the man should sport the family and the woman should stay home w