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1、專題六七選五閱讀填空題,高考24話題之(六)：天氣(Weather) 假定你是李華。最近，當(dāng)?shù)氐撵F霾(smog)嚴(yán)重地影響了人們的生活。請你根據(jù)寫作要點用英語給校報寫一篇稿件。 寫作要點：1.霧霾帶來的危害；2.你的建議；3.你的希望。,【寫作話題】,Recently, we have often seen the heavy smog weather, ________has done great harm________our daily life. Besides, more and more people________are suffering symptoms________(re

2、late) to smog have to go to see the doctor.,【語法填空】,which,to,who,related,Now that we have realized the great harm is caused by the smog, we should take measure to reduce the smog. That is vital to make it by educating people especially factory owners to raise their awareness of protect the environmen

3、t. Only by this way can we save ourselves from the smog. 答案去掉is；measure改為measuresThat改為It；protect改為protectingby改為in,【語法改錯】,Recently, we have often seen the heavy smog weather, which has done great harm to our daily life.Due to the heavy smog many traffic accidents happened, and some people got injur

4、ed and some even lost their lives.Besides, more and more people who are suffering symptoms related to smog have to go to see the doctor.,【范文背誦】,Now that we have realized the great harm caused by the smog, we should take measures to reduce the smog.It is vital to make it by educating people especiall

5、y factory owners to raise their awareness of protecting the environment.People should go to work by bus or by bike if possible instead of driving and plant more trees to absorb and clean the polluted air.Only in this way can we save ourselves from the smog. I sincerely hope all of us can work togeth

6、er to do something to save the air we breathe every day.,根據(jù)范文畫線部分仿寫下面情景： 既然我們已認(rèn)識到極端天氣的危害，就要為環(huán)保盡一份自己的力量。 _______caused by extreme weather, well do our best to protect the environment. 答案Now that weve realized the harms,【自主空間】,只有我們通力合作才能建造一個沒有空氣污染的家園。 ___________________________________________ 答案Only

7、 by our working together can we build a homeland which is free from air pollution.,A (2016新課標(biāo)乙卷)Secret codes(密碼)keep messages private.Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.,限時15分鐘,People have used secret codes fo

8、r thousands of years.1Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography.2For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”,3

9、You might represent each letter with a number, for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5”,A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a

10、 real code, you must have a code book.4For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”5However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.,AIt is very hard to break a code

11、without the code book. BIn any language, some letters are used more than others. COnly people who know the keyword can read the message. DAs long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.,EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. FWith a code boo

12、k, you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.,語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了密碼的設(shè)置方法和破解的方法。 1D根據(jù)后句內(nèi)容可以判斷該空應(yīng)該和密碼的破譯有關(guān)，故判斷D項內(nèi)容符合語境邏輯，可以承接上下文。 2E后面舉的例子是來證明人們設(shè)置密碼時往往會利用一些單詞的第一個字母來作為密碼，由此判斷E選項內(nèi)容符合語境邏輯。,3G

13、根據(jù)后面的解釋內(nèi)容可以判斷這是介紹密碼設(shè)置的又一種方法，故判斷G選項符合語境。 4F根據(jù)后面的舉例以及前句中的a code book可以判斷該句是介紹密碼書的使用，故判斷F選項可以起到承上啟下的作用。 5A根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折可知盡管利用密碼書可以破譯密碼，但是一本密碼書也不會使用很久的時間，故判斷A選項符合語境。,B A garden thats just right for you (2016新課標(biāo)甲卷)Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the gard

14、en appeared to total more than the sum(總和)of its parts？__6__But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.,__7__ Some people may think that a garden is no more than pl

15、ants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)8However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.,Recall(回憶)your childhood

16、memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important.9-how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to

17、 recall the gardens of your youth.10then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden.Have fun.,AKnow why you garden. BFind a good place for your own garden. CIts our experience of the garden that matters. DIts delightful to see so many beautiful flowe

18、rs. EStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants. FYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too. GFor each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have.,語篇解讀本文屬于說明文，美麗的花園能給我們帶來美好的視覺享受，文章中給出了兩個自己建設(shè)花園的具體建議。 6F根據(jù)前兩句提出：你是否參觀過那些讓你感覺非常好的花園？你也可以自己

19、打造一個屬于你自己的花園。故F項“你也可以把你自己的花園搞得那么美好”符合上下文語境。,7A根據(jù)本段前兩句可知不同人對花園有不同的看法，再由倒數(shù)第二句“然而，有很多原因能夠解釋你為什么想做園藝”可知我們首先要搞清楚為什么要做園藝。故A項正確。 8E本段前兩句提出有些人認(rèn)為花園只是一些花花草草，有些人關(guān)心少用水少用肥料。本句仍然在說明人們對園藝的不同看法。故E項“還有其他人只是喜歡在戶外接觸植物”與上下文一致，也是人們對于園藝的觀點。,9C根據(jù)前句“那些都不重要”可知畫線句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在園藝中對我們來說真正重要的是什么。故C項“重要的是我們做園藝的經(jīng)歷”符合上下文語境。 10G本部分建議回憶一下小時

20、候所看到的那些花園，并把這些花園的優(yōu)點寫下來，然后制訂計劃并付諸行動。故G項符合上下文語境。,主旨概括句是指概括文章主題的句子，或者統(tǒng)領(lǐng)某一段落的句子。做此類題要注意兩個方面：,一、主旨概括句,1全文主旨句 注意文章的首段與結(jié)尾段，尤其是文章的首段及結(jié)尾段的末句，因為“開門見山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”的寫作方式在英語中很常見，首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在，如果它不是主題句，可以考慮文章的寫作方式是否為“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”式，如兩者均不是，則在文章的其他段落尋找主題句，但仍然不能忽略首段與末段的提示作用。,2段落主旨句 文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落，各段落會依據(jù)文章的主題展開，對文章主題的不同方面進(jìn)行闡述。

21、找出各段的關(guān)鍵詞，明確其大意，就容易確定一個段落的主旨句。 例如：第7小題屬于段落主旨句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。本題我們根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句“However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知我們首先要知道為什么要搞園藝。故A項為本段的主題句。,當(dāng)七選五閱讀設(shè)空在句首時，還可能存在以下兩種情況： (1)屬于段落間的過渡句。這時要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機(jī)地銜接起來，并結(jié)合下一段

22、內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否能將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來。,(2)與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會有某種銜接手段，尤其當(dāng)選項是幾句話時。比如，如果選項中出現(xiàn)時間年代時，往往要注意與原文中年代的前后對應(yīng)關(guān)系。,過渡性語句的考查主要是從文章結(jié)構(gòu)的角度出題，在文中起到承上啟下的行文作用。做此類題需要注意文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，有“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)，也有“分分總”結(jié)構(gòu)。無論什么樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，都需要聯(lián)結(jié)文章的過渡性語句。過渡句通常對上面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，或者以問句的方式或祈使句的方式引出下文。所以，在

23、定位選項時，要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內(nèi)容。,二、過渡語句,典例 Evaluating Sources of health Information Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evalua-tion includes knowing

24、where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze informa-tion and the reliability of sources.__1__,Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a st

25、udy really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study.__2__ Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associa-ted with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain resu

26、lt.__3__ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.,Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.__4__Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖騙

27、術(shù)) __5__Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us. Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.,滿分技巧判斷體裁，借用結(jié)構(gòu)特點，合理判斷語

28、句。 議論文和說明文的通常行文邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)是第一段引入主題，尾句引出下文的內(nèi)容，所以，如果第一段的段尾挖空的話，那自然是引入下文內(nèi)容的語句。比如第1題要求我們選擇一個引出下文四項忠告的語句。,上下文邏輯關(guān)系語句是對段落中的細(xì)節(jié)信息的考查，屬于句子與句子間的邏輯順序的排列。做此類試題要注意文章的語句間的組合，一是要判斷語句間的邏輯意義關(guān)系：平列、順序、層遞、轉(zhuǎn)折、總分、解釋、因果等關(guān)系。二是借助句子之間的連接性詞語來把握，因為連接性詞語能表明這個語段句與句之間、層與層之間的基本關(guān)系是：,三、邏輯性語句,1承接關(guān)系(如so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, c

29、onsequently, as a result等)。 2平列關(guān)系(如first, second, third...; firstly, secondly, thirdly...; first, next, then...; in the first place, in the second place...; for one thing, for another thing...; to begin with, to conclude等)。,3轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(如however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of,

30、at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever, on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise等)。 4層遞關(guān)系(如also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, not...but..., not only...but also...等)。 5解釋關(guān)

31、系(如in other words, namely, that is to say, or rather等)。,【解題策略】 1解題三要素 (1)分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。把握全篇文脈是七選五的關(guān)鍵所在。對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握住全篇的文脈，理出文章的中心，搞清楚句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。,(2)把握寫作思路。從語序上發(fā)現(xiàn)斷續(xù)點，理清層次，好文章的層次非常清晰，層層入手。根據(jù)句子意思分出層次，如承接、并列、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、層進(jìn)關(guān)系等。 (3)理解句際間含義。重點關(guān)注句際間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞、邏輯性插入語，結(jié)合段落中的連接性語句做出判斷。,2答題四技巧 (1)從詞匯上鎖定線索 選擇中要保持對“線索詞”的敏感。主要的

32、線索詞是空白前后的名詞和動詞，尋找答案時注意在選項中查找同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或表示同一類事物的詞語。其次是代詞、數(shù)詞和表示時間、地點或名稱等的專有名詞。,(2)從關(guān)聯(lián)詞上查找 由于篇章中語句、段落之間經(jīng)常會運用關(guān)聯(lián)詞進(jìn)行銜接和過渡，使文章邏輯性更強(qiáng)、上下文結(jié)構(gòu)聯(lián)系更緊密，因此文章中和選項中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的信號在選擇答案時就顯得更加重要。例如：遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、順承關(guān)系等。常見關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：similarly, also, moreover, since, therefore, however, on the other hand, as a result, finally, to begin with等。,(3)從設(shè)空位置入手 一般而言，位于段首的語句通常是段落的主題句，段尾的語句通常是結(jié)論、概括性的語句，而段中的句子一般是具體而詳實的論述，或表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折或因果等關(guān)系。 (4)從篇章、段落和句意判斷 選擇的前提是讀懂句意、段落。讀懂空白前后的句子、明白上下幾句話的確切含義，然后根據(jù)意思的連續(xù)性或邏輯性從選項中進(jìn)行選擇。在讀懂行文邏輯意義的基礎(chǔ)上，利用線索特征詞等進(jìn)一步確定答案。,解題思路導(dǎo)圖,