YA32—200型四柱式萬能液壓機液壓系統(tǒng)及主缸的設(shè)計含5張CAD圖,ya32,型四柱式,萬能,液壓機,液壓,系統(tǒng),設(shè)計,cad 外文資料 In hydraulic system installment contamination control Paper abstract：The hydraulic system pollution is a hydraulic pressure breakdown main reason, after in order to guarantee the installment the hydraulic system to be able the security, the reliable movement, in view of the hydraulic system installment proposed a series of concrete measures, achieve in the construction process contamination control 1 Outline The technology of hydraulic transmission gets swift and violent development after emerging in the 18th century. Today, the apparatus of hydraulic transmission is widely used in all trades and professions, reflect on the modernized large-scale production line particularly abundantly. The steel hot-rolled H section steel production line of horse, the volume 54 kL of the hydraulic fuel tank, 38 hydraulic motors, of different specifications hydraulic jar up to 717, only the hydraulic pipeline is as long as more than 20,000 meters. The technology of hydraulic transmission has its advantage that can't be compared, this is the main reason that it can develop rapidly , meanwhile, the apparatus of hydraulic transmission has its fragiles aspects, among them the ability to resist pollution is low is an outstanding weakness . According to the records of relevant materials, the hydraulic trouble has 70- 8 to cause by the pollution of fluid. It must keep the systematic cleanness to guarantee the normal , reliable operation of the hydraulic system. 2 Danger and reason that the system pollutes Pollutant sneak into behind the system can accelerate hydraulic wearing and tearing of part , grind , decrease , burn even destroy or cause the movements of the valve not to work or cause the noising. The pollutant will stop up the throttle hole of the hydraulic component or reduce expenditure in the chink , change the working performance of the hydraulic system, cause movements to lack proper care even not work at all, produce and act and cause the accident by mistake . The dust particle will accelerate the damage of the seal in the hydraulic jar, the superficial one is strained in the tube of jar, make it increase not to let out, thrust insufficient or movements are unstable, creep, the pace drop, produce unusual sound and vibration. Also may cause filter screen stop up, hydraulic pump suck oil to be difficult, go back oil to be smooth producing angry losing , vibration and noise, will puncture the filter screen because resistance is too big while stopping up seriously , totally lose the function of filtering, cause the hydraulic and systematic vicious circle. The reason why the system pollutes is numerous, according to producing mechanism in pollution, divided into 2 kinds: (1)Pollutant made , hidden in the installation in the system. (2)Pollution that is produced in the course of system work. Obviously, pollutant made , hidden in the installation of the system is mostly smear metal , burr , molding sand , coating , abradant , solid particle of welding dreg , rust one and dust etc., they relatively loud in danger in system, must strengthen management at this stage , control pollution, guarantee the hydraulic system after installing can run safly and reliably . 3 Pollution control in the hydraulic system is made and installed 3.1 Pollution control that the hydraulic part is processed The processing of the hydraulic part generally demands to adopt the law of " processes wetly ", all processing processes want , drip , add , lubricate liquid or cleaner , so as to ensure surface process quality. 3.2 Washing of hydraulic component , part Before the new hydraulic pressure one is assembled, the old hydraulic pressure one can be used through washing after being polluted, should accomplish the following several points in the cleaning process. 1)Hydraulic pressure pieces of disassembly and assembly , wash , should go on among clean room to accord with the national standard, if there is operating room of conditions that can be filled and pressed, make the indoor pressure higher than outdoors, prevent the atmospheric dust from polluting. If restrain terms from, should operate one to isolate alone even , seldom allow hydraulic pressure assembly one and machining of one sometimes in the same room among the pincers workers, forbid decomposing and assembling the hydraulic pressure one in the open , in warehouse of sometimes the shed , incidental absolutely . The hydraulic pressure of disassembly and assembly is a hour, attenbant should wear fiber difficult work clothes , work cap that come off, in case fiber, dust, hair, scurf,etc. scattered to fall into hydraulic system cause artificial to pollute. Forbid operating one and smoking , taking food inside. 2)The hydraulic pressure one should go on in washing the platform to wash special-purposly, if limited by the condition , guarantee cleanness degree of the temporary workingbench . 3)The cleaner allows to use the kerosene , petrol and use the same hydraulic oil of trade mark of oil with hydraulic system work. 4)The part after washing is forbidden to be polished with the cotton , flax , silk and chemical fibre manufactured goods, prevent the fiber coming off from polluting the system. Forbid with leather tiger to part blast air (leather tiger have dust particle ) too, can dry up the part with the clean and dry compressed air if necessary. 5)Part wash , forbid , put in land , cement ground , floor , pincers worker platform and assemble workingbench directly, and should put into container with cover , pour into the hydraulic oil . 6)Have already washed but the part that wouldn't be assembled should be put into and antirusted and saved in the oil, moist area and season especially should pay attention to antirusting. 3.3 Pollution control in a piece of transportation of hydraulic pressure In hydraulic component , package transportation , should pay attention to the dustproof , rain-proof , especially hydraulic pressure piece of marine transportation want , fight with rain-proof paper or plastic wrapping paper kind to pack to transport for long-distance, put right amount of desiccant , does not allow rainwater , sea water to be exposed to the hydraulic pressure one . Before casing and after unpacking , should check carefully whether the oil mouth is stopped up , stopped up firm with the stopper, to receive slight oil mouth of pollution take remedy in time , must decompose , wash to the hydraulic pressure one with serious pollution moreover. 3.4 The fuel tank refuels The fuel tank must be checked its internal cleanness degree before fuel-injection, the one not up to standard will be cleared up ; Cleanness degree that the fluid should be examined it before being joined; Must not allow to pour into the oil the fuel tank directly through filtering at the time of fuel-injection. 3.5 The system resumes After the system is pickled, developed, can link all components , pipelines on request the job return circuit . This course should pay special attention to being in charge of connecting and keeping a public place clean , finish joining , , try hard to avoid dismantling, should pay attention to , wrap up , well , guarantee , in charge of , connect with clean cloth if necessary , calibre pollute. 4 Summary Hydraulic systematic pollution control runs through in the whole construction course, require operators every step should consider the measure of keeping a public place clean , reduce system pollute , guarantee the hydraulic system after constructing can run safly , reliably to the greatest extent.  中文譯文 液壓系統(tǒng)安裝中的污染控制 論文摘要：液壓系統(tǒng)污染是液壓故障的一個主要原因，為了確保安裝后的液壓系統(tǒng)能夠安全、可靠運行，針對液壓系統(tǒng)安裝提出一系列具體措施，以達到施工過程中的的污染控制。 1　概述 液壓傳動技術(shù)在18世紀(jì)誕生后即得到迅猛發(fā)展。今天，液壓傳動設(shè)備在各行各業(yè)得到廣泛的應(yīng)用，在現(xiàn)代化的大型生產(chǎn)線上體現(xiàn)得尤為充分。馬鋼熱軋H型鋼生產(chǎn)線，液壓油箱容積54 kL，液壓馬達38個，各種規(guī)格的液壓缸多達717個，僅液壓管線長達2萬多米。 　　液壓傳動技術(shù)有其不可比擬的優(yōu)點，這是它得以迅猛發(fā)展的主要原因，與此同時，液壓傳動設(shè)備又有其脆弱的一面，其中抗污染能力低是突出的弱點。據(jù)有關(guān)資料記載，液壓故障有70%～80%是由油液污染導(dǎo)致的。要保證液壓系統(tǒng)正常、可靠的運行，必須要保持系統(tǒng)的清潔。 2　系統(tǒng)污染的危害與原因 　　污染物混入系統(tǒng)后會加速液壓零件的磨損、研損、燒傷甚至破壞或者引起閥的動作失靈或者引起噪聲。污染物會堵塞液壓元件的節(jié)流孔或節(jié)流縫隙，改變液壓系統(tǒng)的工作性能，引起動作失調(diào)甚至完全失靈，產(chǎn)生誤動作造成事故。灰塵顆粒在液壓缸內(nèi)會加速密封件的損壞，缸筒內(nèi)表面的拉傷，使泄漏增大，推力不足或者動作不穩(wěn)定、爬行、速度下降，產(chǎn)生異常的聲響與振動。還可能引起濾網(wǎng)堵塞，液壓泵吸油困難，回油不暢而產(chǎn)生氣蝕、振動和噪聲，堵塞嚴(yán)重時會因阻力過大而將濾網(wǎng)擊穿，完全喪失過濾作用，造成液壓系統(tǒng)的惡性循環(huán)。 　　系統(tǒng)污染的原因很多，從污染產(chǎn)生機理來看，分為2種：(1) 制作、安裝過程中潛伏在系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的污染物。(2) 系統(tǒng)工作過程中產(chǎn)生的污染。顯然，系統(tǒng)制作、安裝過程中潛伏的污染物多為切屑、毛刺、型砂、涂料、磨料、焊渣、銹片和灰塵等固體顆粒，它們對系統(tǒng)的危害比較大，必須在這一階段加強管理，控制污染，確保安裝后的液壓系統(tǒng)能夠安全可靠地運行。 3　液壓系統(tǒng)制作、安裝中的污染控制 3.1　液壓零件加工的污染控制 液壓零件的加工一般要求采用“濕加工”法，即所有加工工序都要滴加潤滑液或清洗液，以確保表面加工質(zhì)量。 3.2　液壓元件、零件的清洗 新的液壓件組裝前，舊的液壓件受到污染后都必須經(jīng)過清洗方可使用，清洗過程中應(yīng)做到以下幾點。 1) 液壓件拆裝、清洗應(yīng)在符合國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的凈化室中進行，如有條件操作室最好能充壓，使室內(nèi)壓力高于室外，防止大氣灰塵污染。若受條件限制，也應(yīng)將操作間單獨隔離，一般不允許液壓件的裝配間和機械加工間或鉗工間處于同一室內(nèi)，絕對禁止在露天、棚子、雜物間或倉庫中分解和裝配液壓件。 拆裝液壓件時，操作人員應(yīng)穿戴纖維不易脫落的工作服、工作帽，以防纖維、灰塵、頭發(fā)、皮屑等散落入液壓系統(tǒng)造成人為污染。嚴(yán)禁在操作間內(nèi)吸煙、進食。 2) 液壓件清洗應(yīng)在專用清洗臺上進行，若受條件限制，也要確保臨時工作臺的清潔度。 3) 清洗液允許使用煤油、汽油以及和液壓系統(tǒng)工作用油牌號相同的液壓油。 　　4) 清洗后的零件不準(zhǔn)用棉、麻、絲和化纖織品擦拭，防止脫落的纖維污染系統(tǒng)。也不準(zhǔn)用皮老虎向零件鼓風(fēng)(皮老虎內(nèi)部帶有灰塵顆粒)，必要時可以用潔凈干燥的壓縮空氣吹干零件。 　　5) 清洗后的零件不準(zhǔn)直接放在土地、水泥地、地板、鉗工臺和裝配工作臺上，而應(yīng)該放入帶蓋子的容器內(nèi)，并注入液壓油。 　　6) 已清洗過但暫不裝配的零件應(yīng)放入防銹油中保存，潮濕的地區(qū)和季節(jié)尤其要注意防銹。 ??? 3.3液壓件運輸中的污染控制 　　液壓元件、組件運輸中，應(yīng)注意防塵、防雨，對長途運輸特別是海上運輸?shù)囊簤杭欢ㄒ梅烙昙埢蛩芰习b紙打好包裝，放入適量的干燥劑，不允許雨水、海水接觸液壓件。裝箱前和開箱后，應(yīng)仔細檢查所有油口是否用塞子堵住、堵牢，對受到輕度污染的油口及時采取補救措施，對污染嚴(yán)重的液壓件必須再次分解、清洗。 3.4　油箱加油 油箱注油前必須檢查其內(nèi)部的清潔度，不合格的要進行清理；油液加入前要檢驗它的清潔度；注油時必須經(jīng)過過濾，不允許將油直接注入油箱。 3.5 系統(tǒng)恢復(fù) 系統(tǒng)酸洗、沖洗后，即可將所有元件、管道按要求連成工作回路。此過程要特別注意管接頭保潔，連接完畢后，盡量避免拆卸，必要時要注意用干凈的布包扎好，確保管接頭、管口不受污染。 4　總結(jié) 液壓系統(tǒng)污染控制貫穿于整個施工過程，要求操作者每一步都要考慮到保潔措施，最大限度降低系統(tǒng)污染，確保施工后的液壓系統(tǒng)能夠安全、可靠地運行。