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徐州師范大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及有限元分析
高空作業(yè)車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及分析
摘 要
本課題針對(duì)GKZ系列車(chē)型轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)部分的要求工作裝置，對(duì)GKZ型高空作業(yè)車(chē)回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)及分析。高空作業(yè)車(chē)由液壓馬達(dá)、回轉(zhuǎn)減速器及回轉(zhuǎn)小齒輪、回轉(zhuǎn)支承等組成。進(jìn)行回轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，液壓馬達(dá)輸出動(dòng)力，通過(guò)回轉(zhuǎn)減速器減速后帶動(dòng)輸出軸上的小齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，小齒輪與回轉(zhuǎn)支承的齒圈嚙合，由于回轉(zhuǎn)支承的齒圈與車(chē)架剛性連接，因而回轉(zhuǎn)減速器帶動(dòng)與之相連的轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)回轉(zhuǎn)。
本課題確定了高空作業(yè)車(chē)回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的傳動(dòng)方案，采用的單排四點(diǎn)接觸球式回轉(zhuǎn)支承，此類(lèi)支承的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是同時(shí)承受軸向、徑向力和復(fù)合力矩。適用子中小型起重機(jī)。轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)采用的是倒π型結(jié)構(gòu)，前后兩個(gè)高強(qiáng)板，左右各一個(gè)支承板，再加兩個(gè)加強(qiáng)筋形成。對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)采用PRO/E進(jìn)行建模，將建好的模型通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)化放入ANSYS中進(jìn)行有限元分析，分析出變形最大和受應(yīng)力最大的接觸面，對(duì)分析的結(jié)果的提出改進(jìn)方案，對(duì)改進(jìn)后的方案進(jìn)行有限元分析比較, 確定最佳方案。本方案的設(shè)計(jì)為同類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論依據(jù)和分析方法。
在課題設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中使用的方法有：（1）在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中主要對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的的受力情況進(jìn)行分析，計(jì)算出轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的受力大小和轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的自重，對(duì)傳動(dòng)齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)及強(qiáng)度校核，運(yùn)用繪圖軟件PRO/E進(jìn)行建模。（2）將模型導(dǎo)入ANSYS中，對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的受力情況進(jìn)行分析查看其分析的結(jié)果，確保轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的變形和所受的應(yīng)力均能符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[關(guān)鍵詞]：高空作業(yè)車(chē)； 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)；有限元分析；ANSYS
Constructional design and analysis for turn-table of aerial work platforms
Abstract
According to the requirement of working devices of turn-tables in the machine series type GKZ, this paper presented the constructional design and analysis for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms. The aerial work platforms comprised hydraulic motors, rotary speed reducers, revolving pinions, slewing bearings and so on. When the turn-table slewed, the hydraulic motor transmitted power output which enabled pinions on the output shaft to revolve. Pinions were meshed with ring gear on slewing bearings. Due to rigid connection between the ring gear on slewing bearings and the chassis, turn-tables were rotated by rotary speed reducers. Gear plan for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms and constructional design for turn-table were presented.
Gear plans transmission for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms was provided in which single-row four-point contact ball slewing bearings were adopted. The advantage of this type of bearing, which suited small and medium crane, was that it can bear axial force, radial force and compound moment at the same time. Configurations of anti type π were adopted in constructional design for turn-table, in which there were two high strength plates in tandem, two eudipleural supporting plates and two stiffened panels. Modeling and simulation of turn tables were obtained using PRO/E. The obtained modeling was transformation and analyzed by ANSYS Finite Element Analysis software. Consequently, contact area in the maximum of deformation and stress were analyzed. According to the results, improved schemes were presented, which were further analyzed and compared by finite element analysis. Finally, the best scheme was founded. This project provided the approaches of constructional design for the similar type of turn-table in theory.
The following methods were used in this project: 1) Force situation of turn tables were analyzed in constructional design, and force variation and mass of turn-tables were calculated. The design and intensity of transmission gear were checked. Modeling and simulation were obtained using drawing software PRO/E; 2) The modeling were imputed into ANSYS and bearing force of turn-tables were analyzed. The results ensured that the deformation of turn-tables and their bearing force would meet the design requirements.
[Keywords]: Aerial work platform; Turn-tables; Constructional design; Finite element analysis; ANSYS
目 錄
第一章 緒 論 1
§1．1 引 言 1
§1．2 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況 1
1.2.1高空作業(yè)車(chē)的國(guó)外發(fā)展趨勢(shì)與動(dòng)向 2
1.2.2高空作業(yè)車(chē)國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀、差距與如何提高的方法 3
§ 1.3 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的組成 5
1.3.1工作機(jī)構(gòu) 5
1.3.2金屬結(jié)構(gòu) 6
1.3.3動(dòng)力裝置 6
1.3.4控制系統(tǒng) 7
§ 1.4 本課題研究的意義 7
第二章 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)分析 8
§2.1 高空作業(yè)車(chē)的轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 8
2.1.1轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的組成 8
§2-2 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的受力分析 13
2.2.1轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的自重G 14
§2-3 上下臂的受力分析及計(jì)算 16
2.3.1上臂的受力分析 17
2.3.2下臂的受力分析 19
§2-4 回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的計(jì)算 21
2.4.1回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的計(jì)算載荷 21
2.4.2轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的計(jì)算 22
2.4.3按承載能力曲線選取合適的回轉(zhuǎn)支承型號(hào) 22
2.4.4轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承裝置的計(jì)算 24
2.4.5按承載能力曲線選取合適的回轉(zhuǎn)支承型號(hào) 24
§2.5 傳動(dòng)齒輪的計(jì)算 25
第三章 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的有限元分析 28
§3.1 有限元方法的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 28
§3.2 有限元分析軟件ANSYS 30
§3.3 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元分析 34
3.3.1 實(shí)體建模 34
3.3.2計(jì)算模型 34
3.3.3有限元模型 36
第4章 結(jié) 論 43
致 謝 44
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 45
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