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徐州工程學(xué)院08屆本科畢業(yè)論文
6.翻譯：
6.1外文資料
Plc Introduction Programmable controller is the first in the late 1960s in the United States, then called Plc programmable logic.controller .(ProgrammableLogicController) is used to replace relays. For the implementation of the logical judgement, timing, sequence number, and other control functions. The concept is presented Plc General Motors Corporation. Plc and the basic design is the computer functional improvements, flexible, generic and other advantages and relay control system simple and easy to operate, such as the advantages of cheap prices combined controller hardware is standard and overall. According to the practical application of target software in order to control the content of the user procedures memory controller, the controller and connecting the accused convenient target.
In the mid-1970s, the Plc has been widely used as a central processing unit microprocessor, import export module and the external circuits are used, large-scale integrated circuits even when the Plc is no longer the only logical (IC) judgement functions also have data processing, PID conditioning and data communications functions. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards promulgated programmable controller for programmable controller draft made the following definition :
programmable controller is a digital electronic computers operating system, specifically for applications in the industrial design environment. It used programmable memory, used to implement logic in their internal storage operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, such as operating instructions, and through digital and analog input and output, the control of various types of machinery or production processes.
Programmable controller and related peripherals, and industrial control systems easily linked to form a whole, to expand its functional design. Programmable controller for the user, is a non-contact equipment, the procedures can be changed to change production processes. The programmable controller has become a powerful tool for factory automation, widely popular replication. Programmable controller is user-oriented industries dedicated control computer, with many distinctive features.
First, high reliability, anti-interference capability;
Second programming visual, simple;
Third, adaptability good;
Fourth functional improvements, strong functional interface
1. Subject content and application scope
This national standard specifies the technical requirements and quality requirements for the lift traction machines with rated speed less than 25m/s.
This national standard is applicable to traction machines designed for passenger lift, sickbed lift and freight lift. It's inapplicable to the traction machines designed for dumbwaiter lift and all kinds of lifts with rated speed not less than 2.5m/s. The other traction machines designed for all kinds of lifts with rated speed not less than 2.5m/s can make reference from this national standard for enforcement. ?
2. Normative references?
GB 3768 Determination of sound power levels of noise - Simple method
GB 7025 Major parameter of lift, version and dimension of car, shaft and machine room
GB 7588 Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts
GB 10058 Specifications for lifts
GB 10085 Basic parameters of single enveloping worm gear
GB 10089 Cylindrical worm, worm wheel accuracy
GB 12974 General Technical Specifications for AC Lift Motor
GB 11368 Cleanliness of gear assembly
GB 191 Packaging - Pictorial markings for handling of goods?
3.Terminology?
Rated speed of traction machine
It's the linear speed of the pitch diameter of traction wheel, corresponding to the rated speed of car. ?
Rated load of traction machine?
When the traction ratio is 1:1 and the balance coefficient is 0.40, it means the rated load of the car in the tangential traction of the traction wheel.
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
?GBT 10058-1997
?Specifications for Lifts
?Foreword
?The national standard is the amendment to the original Specifications for Lifts GB 10058-88, main content of which are as the following:
?1) In chapter “ whole performance”, the regulations of classification are canceled, which include acceleration and redarded speed of vertical vibration, acceleration and redarded speed of horizontal vibration, as well as indicators of noise and leveling accuracy.
2) For improving operation efficiency of the lifts, the requirements to open time and close time of passenger lifts are added in the national standard.
3) In chapter “reliability”, the regulation of classification of reliability indicator is canceled; examining requests to control cabinet which is considered as commodity component are added in the national standard.
4) In Appendix A, specific regulations are made to technical documents kept in manufacturer after sale of lifts.
?The standard will replace GB 10058-88 since the effective date.?
Appendix A is a standard appendix.
The standard is proposed by Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China.?
The standard is under the jurisdiction of China Lift Standardization Technical Committee.
This standard is drafted by Institute of Construction Mechanization of China Academy of Building Research, Beijing Schindler Elevator Co., Ltd in China, Tianjin Otis Elevator Co., Ltd in China, and Guangzhou Elevator Industry Co., Ltd.?
The standard is mainly prepared by Kerong Peng, Guozhen Zhang, Xiaohui Xi and Xizhi Yang.?
The standard was firstly issued in 1988 and firstly revised in 1997. ?
1?????? Scope?
The standard formulates technical specifications of passenger lifts and freight lifts, inspection provisions, indication marks, package, transportation and storage.
The standard is applicable to power-actuated traction-type or compulsory-type passenger lifts and freight lifts whose rated speed is not higher than 2.5m/s;
?The standard is inapplicable to hydraulic lifts and dumbwaiter lifts.
?2 Normative References
?The articles included in the following standards become the articles of the national standard by quotation. The listed editions are efficient while the standard is published. All standards will be revised, so all parties who use the following standards should consider the latest edition as possible.
?
GB 2828-87 In-batch Check Counting Sampling Process and Sample Table(suitable for continuous batch)
GB 7588-1995 Safety Code for Manufacturing and Installation of Lifts (eqv EN 81-1: 1985)
In this code, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Section 7.2.1 (partial), Section 8.17.1, Section 9.1.2b), Section 9.9.6.2 (partial), Section 12.6 (partial), Section 13.1.1.3, Section 15.2.3.2 (partial), Section 16.2a)6) (partial), Appendix C, Appendix E, Appendix G, Appendix M and Appendix ZA are recommendatory; the rest are obligatory.
This code is the revised version of GB 7588-1995 Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts (equivalent to EN81-1: 1985) on the base of EN81-1: 1998 Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts issued by European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This revised version is equivalent to EN81-1:1998 in the fields of technical contents and article numbering.
Compared with EN81-1:1985, EN81-1:1998 changed huge parts of contents. The new version increases plenty of new technical contents and new calculation method. Besides a few parts are changed according to the Chinse lift situations, this revised version is basically compliant to the contents of EN81-1:1998. ?
In the revised version, the following major technical contents are changed:
1. GB 7588-1995 version has a concise and definite application scope, so this revised version reserve the application scope of GB 7588-1995. For the purpose of presenting the definiteness, the revised version adds sickbed lift, deletes the application scope of EN81－ 1:1998.
2. This revised version makes the following changes from the quoted terms and conditions of EN81-1:1998.
(1) If the international standards or overseas advanced standards listed in "Quoted Codes" of EN81-1:1998 have already equivalently adopted as Chinese national standards (GB) or industry standard, then this quoted terms and conditions are directly named as the corresponding Chinese code number.
(2) The code name that is not included in the Quoted Codes and make no mention in EN81-1:1998 has some content involved in the Chinese code, so it is also listed in the Quoted Codes of this code. For instance, in Clause :16.2a)6), the original text "use CENELEC symbols" is listed in Chinese national standard GB/T 4728, Graphical Symbols for Electrical Diagrams. And Clause 9.1.2c) is listed in the Chinese national standard GB 8903, Wire Ropes for Lifts.
(3) The foreign code name listed in EN81-1:1998 but not inverted into Chinese national standards, we directly refer the foreign code name. For instance, ENl2015 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Lifts, Escalators and Passenger Conveyors - Emission, EN12016 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Lifts, Escalators and Passenger Conveyors– Immunity. ?
3. In order to coordinate with other Chinese lift standards, the nomenclatures that are the same as those listed in the Terminology of Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks of EN81-1:1998 and GB/T 7024 are not included any more, and only exclusive nomenclatures are reserved. In addition, "overhaul trapdoor" and "shaft emergency door" are added. ?
4. According to the national situation of China, partial contents of EN81-1:1998 have been amended or adjusted.
(1) Added: for instance, Clause 5.1.2 adds "excluding sightseeing lifts"; and Clause 7.1 and Clause 8.6.3 add "this interstice shall not be greater than 8mm for freight lifts"; Clause 5.6.1 adds "in exceptional cases, in order to meet the position requirement to install lift parts in the foundation pit, the interstice shall be as small as possible".
(2) Deleted: for instance, Clause 9.8.2.1 deletes " instant-type safety tong with buffer function" and other relevant contents; Clause 10.3.4 deletes " energy-storage buffer with buffering restoration" and other relevant contents.
(3) Adjusted contents: Clause 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 adjusts the available car area; Clause 9.8.2.1 adjusts the velocity interval of instant-type and inching-type safety tong; D2j) of Appendix D adjusts "rated speed" into "overhaul speed"; F5.3.1 adjusts the testing contents of "energy-storage buffer with buffering function" into the testing method of "linear energy-storage buffer".
The safety criterions stated in this code and all the requirements of the appendices offer a uniform technical base and safety requirements for constructing, installing and examining the passenger lifts and freight lifts. Pre-delivery inspection, periodic inspection as well as momentous retrofit or post-accident inspection shall not exceed the scope of this code.
Appendix A, B, C, D, F, H, J, K, L and N are standard appendixes; Appendix C, E, G, M, ZA are suggestive appendices.
This code takes effects from January 1, 2004 and substitute GB 7588-1995 in the meanwhile. From the execution date, the transition period of this code is 1 year; upon expiration of transition, GB 7588-1995 is to repeal.?
This code is brought forwards by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This code is governed by China Elevator Standardization Technical Committee. ?
This code is drafted by the Institute of Building Mechanization of China Academy of Building Research.
Drafting organization members: China Schindler Elevators Co., Ltd., Tianjin OTIS Elevators Co., Ltd., Shanghai Mitsubishi Elevators Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Hitachi Elevators Co., Ltd., Suzhou Schindler Elevators Co., Ltd., Shenyang Toshiba Elevators Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Xizi OTIS Elevators Co., Ltd., Kone Elevators Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Guangri Elevator Industry Co., Ltd., ThyssenKrupp Elevator Co., Ltd., Shanghai Toshiba Elevator Co., Ltd., Shanghai Yungtay Engineering Co., Ltd. , Guangzhou OTIS Elevators Co., Ltd., Huasheng Fujitec Elevator Co., Ltd., Suzhou Suzhou Jiangnan Elevator (Group) Co., Ltd.. ?
Main drafters: Gu Xi, Kong Hong, Zhang Guangjian, Wan Zhongpei, Ye Danyang, Zhu Jian, Xu Wengang, Jin Laisheng, Ma Lingyun, Huang Qijun, Yang Xizhi, Yan Jianzhong, Wang Weifeng, Lin Manqing, Chen Luya
6.2譯文
PLC簡(jiǎn)介 可編程控制器是60年代末在美國(guó)首先出現(xiàn)的，當(dāng)時(shí)叫可編程邏輯控制器PLC（ProgrammableLogicController），目的是用來(lái)取代繼電器。以執(zhí)行邏輯判斷、計(jì)時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)等順序控制功能。提出PLC概念的是美國(guó)通用汽車公司。PLC的基本設(shè)計(jì)思想是把計(jì)算機(jī)功能完善、靈活、通用等優(yōu)點(diǎn)和繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)單易懂、操作方便、價(jià)格便宜等優(yōu)點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來(lái)，控制器的硬件是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的、通用的。根據(jù)實(shí)際應(yīng)用對(duì)象，將控制內(nèi)容編成軟件寫(xiě)入控制器的用戶程序存儲(chǔ)器內(nèi),使控制器和被控對(duì)象連接方便。
70年代中期以后，PLC已廣泛地使用微處理器作為中央處理器，輸入輸出模塊和外圍電路也都采用了中、大規(guī)模甚至超大規(guī)模的集成電路，這時(shí)的PLC已不再是僅有邏輯(Logic)判斷功能，還同時(shí)具有數(shù)據(jù)處理、PID調(diào)節(jié)和數(shù)據(jù)通信功能。國(guó)際電工委員會(huì)(IEC)頒布的可編程控制器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)草案中對(duì)可編程控制器作了如下的定義：可編程控制器是一種數(shù)字運(yùn)算操作的電子系統(tǒng)，專為在工業(yè)環(huán)境下應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)。它采用了可編程序的存儲(chǔ)器，用來(lái)在其內(nèi)部存儲(chǔ)執(zhí)行邏輯運(yùn)算，順序控制、定時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)和算術(shù)運(yùn)算等操作的指令，并通過(guò)數(shù)字式和模擬式的輸入和輸出，控制各種類型的機(jī)械或生產(chǎn)過(guò)程?？删幊炭刂破骷捌溆嘘P(guān)外圍設(shè)備，易于與工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)聯(lián)成一個(gè)整體，易于擴(kuò)充其功能的設(shè)計(jì)。
可編程控制器對(duì)用戶來(lái)說(shuō)，是一種無(wú)觸點(diǎn)設(shè)備，改變程序即可改變生產(chǎn)工藝。目前，可編程控制器已成為工廠自動(dòng)化的強(qiáng)有力工具，得到了廣泛的普及推廣應(yīng)用。
可編程控制器是面向用戶的專用工業(yè)控制計(jì)算機(jī)，具有許多明顯的特點(diǎn)。
①可靠性高，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)；
②編程直觀、簡(jiǎn)單；
③適應(yīng)性好；
④功能完善，接口功能強(qiáng)。
1 主題內(nèi)容與適用范圍
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了額定速度小于25 m/s的電梯曳引機(jī)技術(shù)要求和質(zhì)量要求。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于乘客電梯、病床電梯、載貨電梯用曳引機(jī)。不適用于雜物電梯和額定速度不小于2. 5 m/s的各類電梯用的曳引機(jī)。額定速度小于2. 5 m/s的各類電梯用的其他曳引機(jī)可參照?qǐng)?zhí)行。
2 引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
GB 3768 噪聲源聲功率的測(cè)定簡(jiǎn)易法
GB 7025 電梯主參數(shù)及轎廂、井道、機(jī)房的型式與尺寸
GB 7588 電梯制造與安裝安全規(guī)范
GB 10058 電梯技術(shù)條件
GB 10085 圓柱蝸桿傳動(dòng)基本參數(shù)
GB 10089 圓柱蝸桿、蝸輪精度
GB 12974 交流電梯電動(dòng)機(jī)通用技術(shù)條件
GB 11368 齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置清潔度
GB 191 包裝儲(chǔ)運(yùn)圖示標(biāo)志
3 術(shù)語(yǔ)
曳引機(jī)額定速度 rated speed of traction machine
對(duì)應(yīng)于轎廂額定速度的曳引輪節(jié)徑上的線速度。
曳引機(jī)額定載重量 rated load of traction machine
當(dāng)曳引比為1:1、平衡系數(shù)為0.40時(shí)，曳引輪切向曳引的轎廂額定載重量。
電梯技術(shù)條件
GBT 10058-1997
國(guó)家技術(shù)監(jiān)督局1997-12-26批準(zhǔn) 1998-10-01實(shí)施
1 范圍
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了乘客電梯及載貨電梯的技術(shù)要求、檢驗(yàn)規(guī)則、標(biāo)志、包裝、運(yùn)輸與貯存等。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于額定速度不大于2．5m／s的電力驅(qū)動(dòng)的曳引式或強(qiáng)制式的乘客電梯和載貨電梯。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不適用于液壓電梯和雜物電梯。?
2 引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所包含的條文，通過(guò)在本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中引用而構(gòu)成為本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的條文。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版時(shí)，所示版本均為有效。所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都會(huì)被修訂，使用本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的各方應(yīng)探討使用下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最新版本的可能性。
GB 2828—87 逐批檢查計(jì)數(shù)抽樣程序及抽樣表(適用于連續(xù)批的檢查)
GB 7588—1995 電梯制造與安裝安全規(guī)范 (eqv EN 81—1：1985)
GB 8903—88 電梯用鋼絲繩 (eqv ISO 4344：1983)
GB／T 10059—1997 電梯試驗(yàn)方法
GB 10060—93 電梯安裝驗(yàn)收規(guī)范
GB／T 13435—92 電梯曳引機(jī)
JG／T 5072．1一1996 電梯T型導(dǎo)軌 (eqv ISO 7465：1983)
?
3 技術(shù)要求
3．1 基本要求
3．1．1 電梯及其所有零部件應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)正確、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、遵守機(jī)械、電氣及建筑方面的通用技術(shù)要求。
3．1．2 制造電梯的材料應(yīng)具有足夠的強(qiáng)度和合適的性能。
3．1．3 電梯整機(jī)和零部件應(yīng)具有良好的維修和保養(yǎng)，處于正常的工作狀態(tài)。
3．1．4 需要潤(rùn)滑的零部件應(yīng)裝有符合要求的潤(rùn)滑裝置；
3．2 電梯工作條件
a)海拔高度不超過(guò)1 000m；
b)機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)的空氣溫度應(yīng)保持在5～40℃之間；
c)運(yùn)行地點(diǎn)的最濕月月平均最高相對(duì)濕度為90％，同時(shí)該月月平均最低溫度不高于25℃；
d)供電電壓相對(duì)于額定電壓的波動(dòng)應(yīng)在土7％的范圍內(nèi)；
e)環(huán)境空氣中不應(yīng)含有腐蝕性和易燃性氣體及導(dǎo)電塵埃存在。
3．3 整機(jī)性能
3．3．1 當(dāng)電源為額定頻率和額定電壓、電梯轎廂在50％額定載重量時(shí)，向下運(yùn)行至行程中段(除去加速和減速段)時(shí)的速度，不得大于額定速度的105％，且不得小于額定速度的92％。
3．3．2 乘客電梯起動(dòng)加速度和制動(dòng)減速度最大值均不應(yīng)大于1．5m／s2。
3．3．3 當(dāng)乘客電梯額定速度(v)為1．0m／s
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