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1、專題限時檢測(十九)　閱讀理解B篇專練(二) (共4篇，限時28分鐘) A (2019南通七市二模)We all have defining moments in our lives — meaningful experiences that stand out in our memory.Many of them owe a great deal to chance: a lucky encounter (相遇) with someone who becomes the love of your life.A new teacher who spots a talent you did

2、nt know you had.These moments seem to be the product of fate or luck.We cant control them. But is that true? Not necessarily.Defining moments shape our lives, but we dont have to wait for them to happen.We can be the authors of them.It is possible to create defining moments if we understand more ab

3、out them.Our research shows that they all share a set of common elements.We start by asking: why do we remember certain experiences and forget others? In the case of big days, such a weddings, the answer is pretty clear — its a celebration that is grand in scale and rich in emotion.No surprise that

4、its more memorable than a maths lesson.But for other experiences in life — from holidays to work projects — its not so clear why we remember what we do. Consider an experiment in which participants were asked to submerge(浸入) their hands for 60 seconds in buckets filled with 14℃ water.(Remember 14℃

5、water feels much colder than 14℃ air.) They were then asked to submerge their hands for 90 seconds instead of 60, but during the final 30 seconds, the water warmed up to 15℃.The participants were then given a choice: would you rather repeat the first trial or the second? Psychologists have explaine

6、d the reasons for this puzzling result.When people assess an experience, they tend to forget or ignore its length.Instead they seem to rate the experience based on two key moments: the best or worst moment, known as the peak, and the ending. In the participants memories, what stood out for them was

7、 that the longer trial ended more comfortably than the shorter one.So when we assess our experiences, we dont average our minutebyminute feelings.Rather, we tend to remember flagship moments: the peaks, the pits(低谷) and the transitions.What we dont remember are the bits in between — sometimes there

8、is little to distinguish one week from the next. Partly this is because there may be only a dozen moments in your life that show who you are — those are big defining moments.But there are smaller experiences, too, in the context of a memorable holiday, romantic date or work achievement.Once we unde

9、rstand how we remember certain moments and why, we can start to create more moments that matter. 語篇解讀：本文主要闡述了人生的關(guān)鍵時刻最容易被記住，對一個人的影響也是最大的。這些關(guān)鍵的時刻不是被動地等，而是可以積極地去創(chuàng)造的。 1．How does the author understand defining moments? A．We can create defining moments in our lives. B．Defining moments are just out of

10、our control. C．No similarities exist between defining moments. D．Defining moments consist of smaller experiences. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第四句和第五句“We can be the authors of them.It is possible to create defining moments if we understand more about them.”可知，作者認(rèn)為決定性的時刻不必等待，我們自己可以書寫這樣的時刻。 2．We can le

11、arn from the experiment that ________. A．the striking moments are more likely to be remembered B．the length of an experience determines our memory of it C．it is meaningful to distinguish the bits in between flagship moments D．a(chǎn)ll the components of an experience should be equally remembered 解析：選

12、A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第三句“Rather, we tend to remember flagship moments: the peaks, the pits(低谷) and the transitions.”可知，我們傾向于記住最重要的時刻：人生巔峰、低谷和轉(zhuǎn)折點。the striking moments相當(dāng)于flagship moments。都是指人生最重要的時刻。 3．What would probably be discussed in the following part of the text? A．What to prepare for lifes trials. B

13、．Why to create defining moments. C．Whom to owe our good fates to. D．How to create lifes big moments. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。原文的最后一段說了當(dāng)我們知道了如何記住那些確定的時刻，我們就可以去創(chuàng)造更多重要的時刻，依據(jù)邏輯，這是在說是什么和為什么，所以接下來就應(yīng)該要說怎么做了。 B (2019南京三模)Like a lot of health care professionals, Dr.Brian Goldman finds it extremely difficult to draw

14、 boundaries between his work and personal lives.“Theres this view that you should suck it up and do one more thing，” says the ER physician and host of CBCs White Coat, Black Art.But that “one more thing” often comes at Goldmans expense. “Youre exhausted and a patient or their family look at you wit

15、h begging eyes，” he says.“So you have this dilemma: say that your shift is over or give until youre totally spent？” Goldmans work stress combined with family tension after his mother was diagnosed with dementia 20 years ago.Caring for her over a decade was difficult, as was dealing with his fathers

16、grief.“When someone else is drowning you, you have to grab a life preserver and save yourself，” says Goldman. Setting boundaries isnt just important for busy professionals; everyone can benefit from managing situations that cause undue stress or pain.Here are some tips. First, “If someones behavio

17、r makes you unhappy — and it could be anything from the way they speak to you to repeatedly failing to stick to their promise — then theres room to set limits，” says Patrick Keelan, a Calgary psychologist.We often avoid setting limits because we prioritize the happiness and comfort of others over ou

18、rs.In order to control this_impulse,_Goldman suggests framing the development of boundaries as a form of selfkindness.When facing an overwhelming situation like the one he was in with his father, Goldman suggests reflecting on what is making you feel uncomfortable, unhappy or unappreciated.“You cant

19、 relate to others or be kind to others if you arent kind to yourself，” he says. Second, once youve become aware of your needs, setting and maintaining boundaries requires clear verbal communication.There are three obstacles to enforcing boundaries in a relationship: fear, guilt and selfdoubt, says

20、psychologist Nicole McCance.We often fear that if we set limits, the other person will reject us, or we feel bad claiming our needs.Keelan proposes setting ground rules before relationships become tense.Start by cooperatively listing values — like mutual respect, support, and loyalty — and then buil

21、ding the guidelines from these values.If youre struggling to reach a consensus，Keelan recommends engaging a third party, such as a therapist, to help. Now, if you want a boundary to stick to, you cant enable someone in breaking it.As such, its crucial to establish consequences for transgressions(越軌

22、)．Otherwise, McCance says, “youre giving them permission to violate that boundary.” If they wont respect your boundaries, you have to do some soulsearching about the value of the relationship.“When you feel bad more than you feel good in this persons presence, and when the relationship is impacting

23、your selfworth and happiness, its time to reassess，” says McCance.Saying no is hard, but she suggests framing it as saying yes to healthier relationships.“Were all better mothers and partners and brothers when we have boundaries.” 語篇解讀：本文主要是討論了設(shè)定必要的界限的重要性，并且就如何設(shè)定界限提出了幾點建議。 4．What do we know about

24、Goldman? A．He is in need of support in his work. B．He is caught between his work and life. C．He slides into the state of desperation. D．He always puts his family at the first place. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句 “Like a lot of health care professionals, Dr.Brian Goldman finds it extremely difficult to d

25、raw boundaries between his work and personal lives.”可知，像許多醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人士一樣，布萊恩戈德曼博士發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在工作和個人生活之間劃清界限。即：他被困在工作和生活之間。 5．What do the underlined words “this impulse” refer to? A．Prioritizing others happiness. B．Avoiding setting limits. C．Failing to stick to their promise. D．Framing the development of bo

26、undaries. 解析：選A　代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的前一句提到“we prioritize the happiness and comfort of others over ours”可知答案選A。 6．Whats the best title of the passage? A．Do communicate B．Do not cross C．Identify your limits D．Say no and mean it 解析：選B　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章一開始談到醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人士布萊恩戈德曼博士發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在工作和個人生活之間劃清界限。然后第二段舉例說明這樣做的危害。第一

27、段和第二段都可以看成導(dǎo)入主題之前的鋪墊。隨后的第三段提出文章的主題，即：“Setting boundaries isnt just important for busy professionals; everyone can benefit from managing situations that cause undue stress or pain.”設(shè)定界限不僅對忙碌的專業(yè)人員很重要；每個人都可以從管理造成過度壓力或痛苦的情況中獲益。接下來幾段的內(nèi)容就如何設(shè)定界限提出了幾點建議。所以“Do not cross”能夠概括整篇文章的內(nèi)容，提醒人們要注意設(shè)定必要的界限，永遠(yuǎn)都不要超越這個界限。

28、 C (2019鹽城三模)There is a 1930sold restaurant in my hometown that has done little to update itself over the past 80 years.This is part of its charm, as is the wooden phone booth that sits neglected in the age of the cellphone. Ah, the phone booth.We need it now more than ever. For me it symbolizes

29、 that phone calls were once private affairs, even if the information being shared was not sensitive in any way.It was simply assumed that a phone conversation was meant for two people, and two people only.In public places this meant turning to the phone booth — a private chamber where one could conv

30、erse in peace without being overheard. Even at home, phone calls used to be regarded as private.Growing up in the 1960s, we had one phone in the house — fixed to the kitchen wall. As a kid, I didnt get or make many calls.I do, however, remember answering the phone, asking for the identity of the c

31、aller, and then handing the phone to my mom.Shed take it, say “Hello, Mrs.Flaubert，” and then, “one moment please，” as she placed her hand over the receiver, turned to me, and directed, “This is for me.Why dont you go outside and play？” Flashforward to what cellphones have done to this idyll.Within

32、 the space of very few years, private conversations have become public declaration, and being overheard seems to be the point.A large part of the problem, of course, is that we now carry our phones with us, and the reflex (反射) to answer the device as soon as it rings is a response Pavlov would have

33、appreciated. But the information is revealed! Not long ago I was sitting in Bostons South Station, waiting for my train.After purchasing a sandwich, I sat down at a table near a man who was on his cellphone. Let me paraphrase what the man had to say: “Yes, thats right.The red and yellow roses.That

34、 will be a Visa.” Then he proceeded to recite his card number and expiration date before signing off. I stared unbelievably at the fellow.He glanced at me and asked, “What？” My response was immediate: I recited his card number back to him, along with the expiration date. There is no more privacy,

35、 no longer a sense of personal borders or limits and the cellphone has become a loudspeaker. To return to phone booths: Why did they disappear? And should you think a phone booth has no value today, I saw one on eBay going for ＄4,750. 語篇解讀：本文主要闡述了電話亭這個過時的設(shè)備在當(dāng)今社會仍然有它的好處，至少它能給能為使用電話的人提供一個私密的空間，確保他們談

36、話的內(nèi)容不被竊聽。隨著手機(jī)的普及，人們隨時隨地都可以使用手機(jī)進(jìn)行交流，但是有時候他們卻忽視了保護(hù)自己的隱私。 7．Why do private conversations turn into public declaration according to the passage? A．Phone booths have died out in modern life. B．People lack a sense of personal borders or limits. C．The content of phone calls is not that sensitive. D．It

37、 is convenient for people to reach for cellphones. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段的內(nèi)容可知，在短短幾年的時間里，私人對話已經(jīng)成為公開聲明。其主要原因是我們現(xiàn)在隨身攜帶手機(jī)，一旦手機(jī)響了，第一反應(yīng)就是去接，不注意隱私。 8．By describing what happened in Bostons South Station, the author indicates that ________. A．its ridiculous to answer cellphones in public places B．its impo

38、lite to overhear others answering cellphones C．its necessary to keep a safe distance from others when answering phones D．its inappropriate to touch on personal information in cellphone conversations 解析：選C　推理判斷題。在波士頓南站作者聽到一個人在電話里面把他的信用卡號和有效期大聲說出來了，作者聽得清清楚楚，甚至可以一點不差地背出來。這個故事說明接聽電話的時候要注意保護(hù)自己的隱私，與他人要

39、保持一定的距離，防止說話的內(nèi)容被竊聽。 9．What can we conclude from the passage? A．Pavlov is in favor of answering cellphones instantly. B．Something seemingly oldfashioned holds its charm today`. C．Phone booths are very popular with consumers on the Internet. D．People used to lack a sense of trust and security in

40、the 1960s. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一至三段的內(nèi)容，特別是第三段最后一句“In public places this meant turning to the phone booth — a private chamber where one could converse in peace without being overheard.”可知電話亭雖然過時了，但是它卻能為使用電話的人提供一個私密的空間，確保他們談話的內(nèi)容不被竊聽，所以電話亭在當(dāng)代社會也還是有它的價值所在的。所以說如今似乎有些過時的東西還是很有魅力的。 D (2019蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)三模)One of th

41、e deepest teachings of Confucius may have valued personal exemplification above clearly expressed rules of behavior.His moral teachings emphasized selfcultivation (培養(yǎng)), imitation of moral exemplars, and the attainment of skilled judgment rather than knowledge of rules.His teachings rarely rely on re

42、asoned argument, and moral ideals and methods are conveyed indirectly.His teachings require examination and context to be understood.A good example is found in this famous anecdote： 廄焚。子退朝，曰：“傷人乎？”不問馬。 When the stables were burnt down, on returning from court Confucius said, “Was anyone hurt？” He

43、did not ask about the horses. X．11(tr.Waley), 10－13 (tr.Legge), or X．17 (tr.Lau) By not asking about the horses, Confucius demonstrates that the sage (圣人) values human beings over property, but not directly; readers are led to reflect on whether their response would follow Confuciuss and to pursue

44、 selfimprovement if it would not have.Confucius, as an exemplar of human excellence, serves not as an allpowerful deity (神人) or a universally true set of abstract principles, but rather the best model for others.For these reasons, according to many commentators，Confuciuss teachings may be considered

45、 a Chinese example of humanism. One of his teachings was a variant (變體) of the Golden Rule, sometimes called the “Silver Rule” owing to its negative form： 己所不欲，勿施于人。 “What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.” 子貢問曰：“有一言而可以終身行之者乎？”子曰：“其恕乎！己所不欲、勿施于人。” Zi Gong [a disciple] asked: “Is

46、 there any one word that could guide a person throughout life？” The Master replied: “How about ‘reciprocity’！ Never impose on others what you would not choose for yourself.” Analects XV.24, tr.David Hinton Often overlooked in Confucian morals are the virtues to the self: sincerity and the cultiv

47、ation of knowledge.Virtuous action towards others begins with virtuous and sincere thought, which begins with knowledge.A virtuous nature without knowledge is likely to be influenced by corruption, and virtuous action without sincerity is not true righteousness (正義)．Cultivating knowledge and sinceri

48、ty is also important for ones own sake; the superior person loves learning for the sake of learning and righteousness for the sake of righteousness. 語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了孔子的一個教學(xué)理念：用榜樣來感化學(xué)生?？鬃幼⒅刈陨砻赖碌呐囵B(yǎng)。他認(rèn)為對他人的善行始于善心，始于知識。沒有知識的美德很可能受到腐敗的影響，沒有真誠的美德行為不是真正的正義。 10．The horse example in the first paragraph is to s

49、how that Confucius ________. A．paid much attention to moral teachings B．meant others to understand his teachings by selfreflection C．directly demonstrated his emphasis on human beings D．never inhumanly forced others to do what he didnt like to do 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“ By not asking about the ho

50、rses, Confucius demonstrates that ... pursue selfimprovement if it would not have.”可知，孔子不問馬，表明圣人看重人，而不是直接看重財產(chǎn)。但是他并沒有直接說出自己的觀點，而是引導(dǎo)讀者思考，看他們是否能夠效仿自己的做法，追求自我完善。所以舉這個例子是為了說明是孔子總是讓別人通過自我反省來理解他的教義。 11．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The importance of the virtues to the self. B．How to

51、define the virtues to the self. C．The relationship between sincerity and knowledge. D．Why the virtues of the self are often overlooked. 解析：選A　段落大意題。最后一段開頭首先提到了在孔子道德思想中被忽視的“the virtues to the self: sincerity and the cultivation of knowledge”，然后接著提到“virtuous nature without knowledge ... corruption”

52、“virtuous action without sincerity is not true righteousness”“knowledge and sincerity is also important ...”兩個讓步的反證和一個陳述句的直接說明都在講述“真誠和知識即自身美德的意義”，所以是在講其重要性。 12．Which of the following principles of Confucius is mentioned in this passage? A．Example is better than teaching. B．He who practices virtue

53、s will have neighbors and friends. C．Keep what you say and carry out what you do. D．By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wild apart. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Confucius may have valued personal exemplification above clearly expressed rules of behavior.”可知，文章中有提到孔子的言傳身教的教學(xué)原則。 9