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1、專題限時(shí)檢測(cè)(二十二)　閱讀理解C篇專練(三) (共3篇，限時(shí)24分鐘) A (2019泰州一模)In 2016, designer Liz Ciokajlo received a task from the Museum of Modern Art (Moma) in New York: revisit the Moon Boot, a fluffylooking snowshoe inspired by the footwear used by the Apollo astronauts. Launched in 1972 at the height of the lunar mi

2、ssions, the Moon Boot is an icon of the 20th Centurys “plastic age” and the museum administrators wanted a new take on it. Ciokajlo set out to reimagine it.She knew only a biomaterial would work in a “postplastic age”， but the designer also wanted a new destination to inspire it.Our generations spa

3、ce travel obsession is not the Moon, she thought, but the red planet — Mars.And Mars allows you to really think outside of the box. The task led her to an amazing biomaterial that had already attracted the attention of engineers innovating in building materials and of top space agencies like NASA a

4、nd ESA.Her final design, a tall, female, roughlooking boot, can be made on board a spaceship with almost only human sweat and a few fungus spores (真菌孢子), ideal for a sevenmonth trip to Mars with limited checkin luggage. This magic biomaterial is mycelium (菌絲體), the vegetative part of the fungus.It

5、looks like a mass of white thread like structures, each called hyphae.Collectively, these threads are called mycelium and are the largest part of the fungus. Mycelium has amazing properties.It is a great recycler, as it feeds off a substrate to create more material, and has the potential of almost

6、limitless growth in the right conditions.It can endure more pressure than conventional concrete without breaking.It is a known insulator and fireretardant and could even provide radiation protection on space missions. On Earth its currently used to create ceiling panels, leather, packaging material

7、s and building materials, but in outer space it stands out for its architectural potential, says artist and engineer Maurizio Montalti, who has teamed up with Ciokajlo. For her revisited boot, Ciokajlo wanted to use the human body as the source for some of the building materials and decided to empl

8、oy sweat.Reusing sweat is not entirely new in space exploration but a novelty approach for footwear.She thinks it might make astronauts feel closer to home during the long journey to Mars. The design is still hypothetical, because the real boot submitted for Moma — and currently in display at the L

9、ondon Design Museum — did use mycelium but not human sweat, as their deadline was too tight, but the science checks out. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家正在設(shè)計(jì)只用人類的汗液和一些真菌孢子來(lái)制造“月亮靴”。 1．The sentences “‘Mars has always been a place where you can dream.It is a place where you can reimagine how to live on Earth.’ Ciokaj

10、lo says.” should be put ________. A．between Para.1 and Para.2 B．between Para.2 and Para.3 C．between Para.3 and Para.4 D．between Para.4 and Para.5 解析：選C　推理判斷題。 插入句主要討論關(guān)于火星的內(nèi)容，文章中mars首次出現(xiàn)在文章第三段，因此該句話可以添加在第三段后，第四、五兩段在談?wù)揵iomaterial，具有連貫性，中間不適合插入其他成分。 2．According to the passage, which of the follow

11、ing doesnt belong to the characteristics of mycelium? A．It can be recyclable. B．It can protect people from radiation. C．It can grow without limit whatever the condition. D．Compared with conventional concrete, it can endure more pressure. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段第二句中“has the potential of almost limit

12、less growth in the right condition”可知，它在合適的環(huán)境中成長(zhǎng)不受限制，故C項(xiàng)表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤。 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The new design will be used for moon exploration. B．It will be some time before the new design is put into actual use. C．Mycelium has been currently widely used, especially

13、in outer space. D．Human sweat wasnt used in the design because of some drawbacks. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句“The design is still hypothetical(adj.假設(shè)的)”可知該設(shè)計(jì)還處于設(shè)想階段，還沒有實(shí)施。 4．The author takes a(n) ________ attitude towards the new design. A．optimistic　　　　 B．indifferent C．objective D．doubtful 解析：選A

14、　縱觀全文，作者對(duì)new design持有積極的態(tài)度，故選擇optimistic。 B (2019揚(yáng)、泰、南、淮、徐、宿、連三模)Researchers around the world interested in uncovering complex human disorders, such as Alzheimers disease, could soon have access to cloned monkeys with genomes that have been edited to display these conditions in China. On 24 Janua

15、ry, scientists at the Institute of Neuroscience (ION) in Shanghai reported that they had used geneediting to disable a gene in monkeys that is crucial to their sleep wake cycle.The scientists then cloned one of those monkeys to produce five primates (靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物) with almost identical (相同的) genes.It is th

16、e first time that researchers have cloned a geneedited monkey. Primates are the best animal model for studying higher cognitive (認(rèn)知的) functions and brain disorders in humans, says neuroscientist Muming Poo, IONs director and cofounder of the new 720 million yuan(US ＄106 million) centre.The advantag

17、e of creating cloned monkeys is that it reduces the number of animals needed for certain types of experiments, such as testing whether a drug works. But some scientists think that experiments using monkeys should be a last approach because of their higher levels of cognition.Mitchell Lazar, who stu

18、dies metabolic disease at the University of Pennsylvania, says that some experiments in mice — for example, research into the genes behind human diseases — are equally appropriate scientifically as in primates.Research in mice is also more accepted by the public, and the animals are cheaper and quic

19、ker to produce.Lazar worries that if scientists have ready access to populations of geneedited monkeys, they might use them for experiments when rodents (嚙齒動(dòng)的) would do. Poo says that mice are not a good substitute for studying higher cognitive functions and brain disorders in humans.He argues that

20、 cloning will reduce the burden on monkeys by cutting the number used in labs.The ION follows strict international guidelines for animal research, he says. Poos team will continue to study the effect of gene editing on their five cloned monkeys.The group disabled a gene, BMAL1, that has a crucial r

21、ole in maintaining circadian rhythm (生理節(jié)奏), the internal clock that helps a healthy sleepwake cycle.In people, BMAL1 mutations have been linked to diabetes, hypertension and depression. The monkeys with the disabled BMAL1 genes move more at night and sleep less overall.They also display psychosis r

22、elated symptoms, such as fear and anxiety, when put in unfamiliar environments. The teams next step is to look in detail at the neural(神經(jīng)的) mechanisms that might create these problems.It will also take advantage of the genetically identical monkeys to hunt for diagnostic markers of circadian rhythm

23、 related disorders and possible treatments. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要介紹了中國(guó)開始克隆和人類有著類似基因的猴子，用來(lái)做科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，從而找到一些比較棘手的疾病的治療方法。 5．Why were the genetically identical monkeys cloned? A．To prove scientists innovation in cloning animals. B．To study the rare characteristics of cloned monkeys. C．To explore many possibilities

24、 for monkeys cognition. D．To provide improved animal models of human diseases. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Primates are the best animal model for studying higher cognitive(認(rèn)知的) functions and brain disorders in humans，”可知，靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物是研究人類高級(jí)認(rèn)知功能和大腦紊亂的最佳動(dòng)物模型。所以克隆更多的和人類有著類似基因的靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物，是為了給人類的疾病提供更好的動(dòng)物模型。 6．What does

25、 Mitchell Lazar think of cloning monkeys? A．It is of little value. B．It is of much practice. C．It is hardly acceptable. D．It is completely illegal. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容尤其是第二句和第三句“Mitchell Lazar, ... says that some experiments in mice ... are equally appropriate scientifically as in primates.Re

26、search in mice is also more accepted by the public”可知，他認(rèn)為用小白鼠做實(shí)驗(yàn)也能達(dá)到用猴子做實(shí)驗(yàn)的效果，而且用小白鼠做實(shí)驗(yàn)也更容易被公眾所接受。言下之意就是用猴子做實(shí)驗(yàn)不容易被人們所接受。 7．From the passage we can know that Poos team will ________. A．continue to disable a gene on the monkeys B．try to clone more monkeys and edit their genes C．find the similariti

27、es between humans and monkeys D．determine the cause of sleep disorders and find cures 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“It will also take advantage of the genetically identical monkeys to hunt for diagnostic markers of circadian rhythm related disorders and possible treatments.” 可知，它還將利用基因相同的猴子來(lái)尋找晝夜節(jié)律相關(guān)疾病的診斷標(biāo)

28、記和可能的治療方法。 8．Whats the main idea of the passage? A．Chinese effort to clone geneedited monkeys kicks off. B．Chinese dream to clone monkeys has finally come true. C．Cloning monkeys is an important breakthrough in science. D．Cloning geneedited monkeys has caused some moral risks. 解析：選A　根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知

29、，世界各地對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的人類疾病(如阿爾茨海默病)感興趣的研究人員，很快就在中國(guó)在基因被編輯過的克隆猴上做實(shí)驗(yàn)了。再根據(jù)第二段最后一句“It is the first time that researchers have cloned a geneedited monkey.”這是第一次有研究人員使用克隆猴，由此可見以“中國(guó)克隆基因編輯過猴子的努力開始了”作為文章的標(biāo)題比較適合。 C (2019蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)三模) Our home galaxy(星系), the Milky Way, makes for a pretty space picture, and it looks normal

30、 at a distance.But a new 3D map reveals a surprise._______ __________ The Milky Way is a spiral (漩渦型的) galaxy, in which stars and gas clouds exist mainly in its spiral “arms”．Our massive neighbor, the Andromeda galaxy (仙女座), is also spiral.Spiral galaxies usually appear very flat and easy to see th

31、rough a telescope, said the researchers. Using 1,339 large, pulsating (脈沖的) stars to make a 3D map of the Milky Way, researchers discovered instead that the galaxys disk of stars is increasingly twisting, most likely due to the spinning of the disk.And the farther the stars are from the center, the

32、 more twisted it becomes. Previously, astronomers saw evidence of hydrogen clouds becoming warped (彎曲的) in the Milky Way.This isnt completely abnormal, because astronomers have noticed the same pattern of progressively twisting spirals in about a dozen other galaxies.But it does help them make mor

33、e sense of our galaxy. Because we live in this galaxy, that makes it harder to observe, and dust and starlight make it even more difficult when using telescopes.Trying to determine what our galactic center looks like is similar to trying to find the center of a forest youre standing in. “It is ext

34、remely difficult to determine distances from the Sun to parts of the Milky Ways outer gas disk without having a clear idea of what that disk actually looks like，” lead study author Xiaodian Chen of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing said in a statement. From afar, the Milky Way appears like

35、 a thin rotating (旋轉(zhuǎn)的) disk of stars, orbiting the center every few hundred million years.In the center, hundreds of billions of stars and dark matter hold the galaxy together. But as you move toward the outermost reaches of the galaxy, the gravitational glue of the center fades.In the outer disk,

36、this keeps hydrogen gas from being restricted, which contributes to an Sshaped warping. “Somewhat to our surprise, we found that in 3D our collection of 1,339 stars and the Milky Ways gas disk follow each other closely.This offers new insights into the formation of our home galaxy，” Richard de Grij

37、s, senior study coauthor and professor at Macquarie Universitys Department of Physics and Astronomy, said in a statement.“Perhaps more importantly, in the Milky Ways outer regions, we found that the Slike stellar (星的) disk is warped in a progressively twisted spiral pattern.” So the massive inner d

38、isks rotational force causes the outer disk to warp, the researchers concluded. “This research provides a crucial updated map for studies of our galaxys stellar motions and the origins of the Milky Way，” said Licai Deng, coauthor and senior researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in a statem

39、ent. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。一張新的3D地圖顯示了一個(gè)讓人驚訝的事：銀河系正在被它的恒星所扭曲。這項(xiàng)研究使得我們對(duì)銀河系的恒星運(yùn)動(dòng)和銀河系起源有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)。 9．Which of the following might be the missing sentence in the first paragraph? A．The Milky Way is being warped and twisted by its stars. B．The Milky Way is spiral and orbiting itself all the time. C．The format

40、ion of our home galaxy is due to the force of gravity. D．The origin of the Milky Way lies in its rotational force. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。先看前文“a new 3D map reveals a surprise.”，可見填補(bǔ)句突出的特點(diǎn)是surprise令人驚奇的，然后再看后幾段內(nèi)容的提示，第二段提到“spiral”螺旋型，第三段“Milky Way ... increasingly twisting”，第四段“evidence of ... becoming warped

41、(彎曲的) in the Milky Way”可見A正確。 10．What does the underlined “this” refer to? A．The Milky Way. B．The gravitational glue. C．The fading of gravity. D．The outermost reach of the galaxy. 解析：選C　代詞指代題。根據(jù)this所在的句子的上一句“as you move toward the outermost reaches of the galaxy, the gravitational glue of the

42、center fades”可知當(dāng)你向星系的最外層移動(dòng)時(shí)，星系中心的引力會(huì)逐漸消失，然后“In the outer disk, this keeps ... from being restricted ”在外區(qū)，this使氫氣不受限制，“this”就應(yīng)該是上文提到的“the fading of gravity”。 11．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．The galaxy we live in is unique for its special spirals. B．The stars in the c

43、enter of the Milky Way are more twisted. C．The distance from the sun to other stars is already known to scientists. D．The rotation of its inner center forces the Milky Way to twist. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“inner disks rotational force causes the outer disk to warp”可知D正確。 12．What is the significa

44、nce of this finding? A．It reveals why the Milky Way is a flat and spiral galaxy. B．It leads to a breakthrough of using 3D technology in space research. C．It proves a previous way of observing the Milky Way while we are living in it. D．It contributes to our knowledge about the Milky Way. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的評(píng)論“provides a crucial updated map for studies of our galaxys stellar motions and the origins of the Milky Way”可知這項(xiàng)研究為研究銀河系的恒星運(yùn)動(dòng)和銀河系起源提供了一張重要的更新地圖。也就是說(shuō)增加了我們對(duì)于銀河系的了解。 7